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Variable Palatability Of Quaking Aspen For Large Ungulate Herbivores, Patrice Alexa Nielson
Variable Palatability Of Quaking Aspen For Large Ungulate Herbivores, Patrice Alexa Nielson
Theses and Dissertations
Aspen is a key resource in the Rocky Mountain Region for wildlife forage and habitat, lumber products, scenery, and plays important roles in fire ecology and hydrological processes. There is evidence of aspen decline over much of the Intermountain West for approximately 100 years. In Dixie and Fishlake National Forests, UT, aspen distribution has decreased by nearly half. Causes of this decline are not well understood, although wildlife browsing by ungulates has been implicated as playing a major role. The objective of this research was to examine what soil or plant factors might be involved in wildlife browse choice in …
The Design Of Specifications For The Development Of Broadcast English Materials In Academic Listening/Speaking Courses, Amy Barlow
Theses and Dissertations
ESL students in academic listening/speaking courses often listen to long audio recordings similar to a lecture or other academic passages. When listening to these passages, students can lose their interest which impedes their learning of new strategies for understanding academic language. Students in the Level Four Listening/Speaking classes at Brigham Young University's English Language Center (ELC), under the previous curriculum, would experience this challenge. All of the passages were available only in audio and were long in duration. The students would lose interest and improve little in their listening skills. Under the new curriculum at the ELC, students in Academic …
Model Detection Based Upon Amino Acid Properties, Kit J. Menlove
Model Detection Based Upon Amino Acid Properties, Kit J. Menlove
Theses and Dissertations
Similarity searches are an essential component to most bioinformatic applications. They form the bases of structural motif identification, gene identification, and insights into functional associations. With the rapid increase in the available genetic data through a wide variety of databases, similarity searches are an essential tool for accessing these data in an informative and productive way. In our chapter, we provide an overview of similarity searching approaches, related databases, and parameter options to achieve the best results for a variety of applications. We then provide a worked example and some notes for consideration. Homology detection is one of the most …
An Adaptive Grid-Based All Hexahedral Meshing Algorithm Based On 2-Refinement, Jared D. Edgel
An Adaptive Grid-Based All Hexahedral Meshing Algorithm Based On 2-Refinement, Jared D. Edgel
Theses and Dissertations
Adaptive all-hexahedral meshing algorithms have many desirable features. These algorithms provide a mesh that is efficient for analysis by providing a high element density in specific locations, such as areas of high stress gradient or high curvature and reduced mesh density in other areas of less importance. In addition, inside-out hexahedral grid based schemes, using Cartesian structured grids for the base mesh, have shown great promise in accommodating automatic all-hexahedral algorithms. In these algorithms mesh refinement is generally used to capture geometric features. Unfortunately, most adaptive mesh generation algorithms employ a 3-refinement method. This method, although easy to employ, provides …
Sleep, Bmi, And Work-Family Conflict: A Gender Comparison Of U.S. Workers, Blake Lee Jones
Sleep, Bmi, And Work-Family Conflict: A Gender Comparison Of U.S. Workers, Blake Lee Jones
Theses and Dissertations
This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine how sleep problems, Body Mass Index (BMI), and poverty were related to several work, personal, and family variables in a sample of married male and female workers in the United States. The data for this study came from the National Study of the Changing Workforce (NSCW) 2008. This large, nationally representative dataset provided a resource for examining potential gender differences in variables that have been linked to sleep problems and increases in BMI, as well as how each of these variables relate to several work, personal, and family life outcomes, including …
Partition Based Phylogenetic Search, Kenneth A. Sundberg
Partition Based Phylogenetic Search, Kenneth A. Sundberg
Theses and Dissertations
Evolutionary relationships are key to modern understanding of biological systems. Phylogenetic search is the means by which these relationships are inferred. Phylogenetic search is NP-Hard. As such it is necessary to employ heuristic methods. This work proposes new methods based on viewing the relationships between species as sets of partitions. These methods produce more parsimonious phylogenies than current methods.
Determining The Function Of Nuclear Bmp4, Trina Jane Loos
Determining The Function Of Nuclear Bmp4, Trina Jane Loos
Theses and Dissertations
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) is a well known growth factor that regulates gene expression through the SMAD signaling pathway. Bmp4 is involved in many developmental processes and has been identified as an important factor in several cancers, including melanoma, ovarian cancer, and colon cancer. Madoz-Gurpide et al. recently observed Bmp4 in the nuclei of a minor percentage of cells in colon cancer tissues. In addition, our lab has recently discovered a nuclear variant of Bmp2 (nBmp2), the TGF-β family member most closely related to Bmp4. These observations led us to hypothesize that a nuclear variant of Bmp4 (nBmp4) also …
The Role Of Nitric Oxide, Acetylcholine, And Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide On Skin Blood Flow During In-Vivo Electrical Field Stimulation, Robert S. Thiebaud
The Role Of Nitric Oxide, Acetylcholine, And Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide On Skin Blood Flow During In-Vivo Electrical Field Stimulation, Robert S. Thiebaud
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to characterize a novel technique to study neurogenic control of cutaneous vasodilation. We monitored skin blood flow (SkBF) during in-vivo electrical stimulation (e-stim) intended to activate cutaneous nerves and used intradermal microdialysis to deliver receptor antagonists to characterize their contribution to cutaneous vasodilation. We examined the role of acetylcholine receptors (RACh), nitric oxide (NO), and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors (RVIP) on the cutaneous vasodilation induced by e-stim in the absence of the sympathetic adrenergic nervous system. Six men and three women participated in the study. Three intradermal microdialysis probes were placed in the skin …
Body Image In Middle-Aged Mormon Women: A Comparative Case Study, Janette Olsen
Body Image In Middle-Aged Mormon Women: A Comparative Case Study, Janette Olsen
Faculty Publications
Body image is a multifaceted construct developed from perceived experiences and personal and cultural attitudes towards the body. Women are more vulnerable than men to internal and external influences regarding negative body image. A qualitative comparative case study design was utilized to explore how 10 lifelong, middle-aged LDS women, either married (n=5) with children or single, never married (n=5), experienced body image through their perceptions of religiosity and spirituality. The participants lived along the Wasatch Front in Utah and were recruited through known LDS gatekeepers. Each participant completed three in-person interviews and three audio or paper journals, which were transcribed …
Interactions Of Burkholderia Pseudomallei And Acanthamoeba Castellanii And Their Effects On Virulence In Human Monocytes, Emily Ann Moore
Interactions Of Burkholderia Pseudomallei And Acanthamoeba Castellanii And Their Effects On Virulence In Human Monocytes, Emily Ann Moore
Theses and Dissertations
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis, is a saprophytic bacterium existing endemically in the water and soil of SE Asia and Northern Australia. This organism has shown the ability to remain dormant in its host for decades. B. thailandensis is a closely related non-pathogenic near neighbor that is also found in these soils. It has been suggested that free-living amoeba could be natural reservoirs for these organisms. The interactions of Burkholderia species and Acanthamoeba castellanii, a species of free-living amoeba, were studied to better understand the natural ecology of these organisms and to determine the effects amoeba …
Social Relationships And Mortality Risk: A Meta-Analytic Review, Timothy B. Smith, Julianne Holt-Lunstad, J. Bradley Layton
Social Relationships And Mortality Risk: A Meta-Analytic Review, Timothy B. Smith, Julianne Holt-Lunstad, J. Bradley Layton
Faculty Publications
Background: The quality and quantity of individuals' social relationships has been linked not only to mental health but also to both morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This meta-analytic review was conducted to determine the extent to which social relationships influence risk for mortality, which aspects of social relationships are most highly predictive, and which factors may moderate the risk. Data Extraction: Data were extracted on several participant characteristics, including cause of mortality, initial health status, and pre-existing health conditions, as well as on study characteristics, including length of follow-up and type of assessment of social relationships. Results: Across 148 studies (308,849 …
Moral Identification: An Alternative Approach To Framing Second-Generation Immigrants' Ethnic Identity Ambivalence, Benjamin R. Brady
Moral Identification: An Alternative Approach To Framing Second-Generation Immigrants' Ethnic Identity Ambivalence, Benjamin R. Brady
Theses and Dissertations
Contemporary sociological research on second-generation immigrants living in the United States is lined with questions of ethnic inclusion and transnational participation. Many scholars are interested in how the children of immigrants relate to their parents' ethnic identity while being raised in a new land. Noting that the majority of scholars in this field approach ethnic identity within a social constructionist perspective, in this study I explore the ways that identity ambivalence and ethnic belonging are framed. Specifically, I critically question the ways that an ethnic identity is assumed to be valued and asserted in a constructionist model. After presenting a …
Estimating The Reliability Of Concept Map Ratings Using A Scoring Rubric Based On Three Attributes, Laura Jimenez
Estimating The Reliability Of Concept Map Ratings Using A Scoring Rubric Based On Three Attributes, Laura Jimenez
Theses and Dissertations
Concept maps provide a way to assess how well students have developed an organized understanding of how the concepts taught in a unit are interrelated and fit together. However, concept maps are challenging to score because of the idiosyncratic ways in which students organize their knowledge (McClure, Sonak, & Suen, 1999). The construct a map or C-mapping" task has been shown to capture students' organized understanding. This "C-mapping" task involves giving students a list of concepts and asking them to produce a map showing how these concepts are interrelated. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to determine to …
Frequency Response Of Synthetic Vocal Fold Models With Linear And Nonlinear Material Properties, Stephanie M. Shaw
Frequency Response Of Synthetic Vocal Fold Models With Linear And Nonlinear Material Properties, Stephanie M. Shaw
Theses and Dissertations
Previous studies have shown the importance of cricothyroid muscle activation in altering fundamental frequency in the human voice. Other studies have investigated the non-linear properties of vocal fold tissue and the impact of this non-linearity on frequency response. Several physical models of the vocal folds have been made for research purposes. However, all have been isotropic in nature with linear stress-strain properties. The purpose of this study was to create a physical model with non-linear stress-strain properties to investigate the frequency response of the model as cricothyroid muscle activation was simulated (in other words, as the vocal folds were stretched …
Understanding The Tensions That Exist Between Two Co-Teachers Education Classroom Using Positioning, Garth Gagnier
Understanding The Tensions That Exist Between Two Co-Teachers Education Classroom Using Positioning, Garth Gagnier
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to explore the tensions that existed between my co-teaching partner and me while working together during the last four years. Additionally, I studied how my partner, the special educator, and I, the general educator, negotiated the tensions that came up during our collaboration. Using a narrative approach to share our stories about our teaching, I investigated how we worked together and contributed to our co-teaching relationship. I analyzed the stories and storylines that we shared using a theoretical lens called positioning. Positioning theory looks at how people interact with each other and the positions …
Genomic Analysis Of Nematode-Environment Interaction, Bishwo Adhikari
Genomic Analysis Of Nematode-Environment Interaction, Bishwo Adhikari
Theses and Dissertations
The natural environments of organisms present a multitude of biotic and abiotic challenges that require both short-term ecological and long-term evolutionary responses. Though most environmental response studies have focused on effects at the ecosystem, community and organismal levels, the ultimate controls of these responses are located in the genome of the organism. Soil nematodes are highly responsive to, and display a wide variety of responses to changing environmental conditions, making them ideal models for the study of organismal interactions with their environment. In an attempt to examine responses to environmental stress (desiccation and freezing), genomic level analyses of gene expression …
Change In Eating Competence In College Students Enrolled In Basic Nutrition Courses, Katrina J. Larsen
Change In Eating Competence In College Students Enrolled In Basic Nutrition Courses, Katrina J. Larsen
Theses and Dissertations
Objective: Determine change in eating competence (EC) and factors related to EC in students enrolled in basic nutrition courses at a major private university. Design: Eating competence was measured by administering the ecSatter Inventory (ecSI) both before and after class intervention. Additional data on eating disorder prevalence, food security, and general demographics were also collected in the same structured survey. Significance identified with p value <0.01. Setting/Participants: This survey was administered to 566 students enrolled in basic nutrition courses at a major private university in the western United States. Analysis: ANOVA was used to determine relationships between ecSI end scores and participant characteristics. ANCOVA was used to determine relationships between change in ecSI scores over time and participant characteristics. Results: Enrollment in NDFS 100 is associated with an overall increase in eating competence (EC). However, students with current eating disorders had a significant decrease in EC during enrollment. Current or past eating disorders and low or very low Food Security Status were associated with lack of EC. Females and younger participants were not eating competent at the course end. Enrollment in NDFS 201 was not associated with significant change in EC. Conclusions: Basic nutrition instruction improves EC among students without eating disorders. Low food security status and presence of an eating disorder may be a barrier to improving EC.
Parenting Dimensions And Adolescent Sharing And Concealment, Chelom Eastwood Leavitt
Parenting Dimensions And Adolescent Sharing And Concealment, Chelom Eastwood Leavitt
Theses and Dissertations
Given potential risk factors in the lives of adolescents, parents are usually motivated to monitor and protect their adolescents. There is a need to better understand what combinations of parental dimensions and practice best influence an adolescent's propensity to disclose or conceal personal information with their parents. This paper examines how parenting dimensions (warmth, psychological control, and harsh punishment) and the parenting practice of solicitation influence an adolescent's propensity to disclose or conceal information. Adolescents in 106 families (53 females; predominantly Caucasian) reported on their mothers' and fathers' parenting dimensions as well as their parents' effort to solicit information. Factor …
Gender Differences And Similarities In Perceptions And Experiences Of Secondary Public School Safety, Bryan K. Young
Gender Differences And Similarities In Perceptions And Experiences Of Secondary Public School Safety, Bryan K. Young
Theses and Dissertations
This study is a description of male and female secondary students' experiences of safety in public schools. Gender differences in reported victimization and perceptions of school safety have been noted. The National Center for Educational Statistics ([NCES], 2006) reported that boys were the victims of violent acts in the schools more often than girls. Many studies have reported different results relating to how safe students perceive their schools to be (Addington et al., 2002; Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 1997). This study considered gender differences and similarities in students' perceptions of school safety. The study utilized a qualitative research …
Impedance Imaging And Measurements By Micro Probes In Aqueous Environments, Tao Shang
Impedance Imaging And Measurements By Micro Probes In Aqueous Environments, Tao Shang
Theses and Dissertations
The dissertation presented here describes two research projects that may, at first glance, seem unrelated. Their unifying principle is the measurement of electrical impedance for the detection and analysis of biological materials. Impedance measurements have long been employed and studied in scientific fields, and the dissertation begins with a summary of historical methodology, applications, and terminology. Utilizing impedance measurements for microscopic imaging is the driving motivation for Scanning Impedance Imaging (SII). This technique manifests the distribution of electrical impedance inside biological tissues and is described after the dissertation's introduction. SII can provide micron-scale imaging resolution by scanning a shielded microprobe …
Does Electroacupuncture Affect Ethanol Modulation Of Mesolimbic Neurons?, Jung Jae Park
Does Electroacupuncture Affect Ethanol Modulation Of Mesolimbic Neurons?, Jung Jae Park
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this project was to investigate the mechanism of action of acupuncture on a critical neural substrate involved in alcoholism. Specifically, this study evaluated the effects of stimulation of the acupuncture Shenmen (HT7) point on inhibitory GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a midbrain structure implicated in drug and alcohol abuse, and ethanol self-administration. In addition, the role of opioid receptors (ORs) in ethanol and acupuncture effects was explored. Using electrophysiological methods in mature rats, we evaluated the effects of HT7 stimulation and opioid antagonists on the VTA GABA neuron firing rate. With behavioral paradigms, we …
Multidisciplinary Assessment And Documentation Of Past And Present Human Impacts On The Neotropical Forests Of Petén, Guatemala, Christopher Stephen Balzotti
Multidisciplinary Assessment And Documentation Of Past And Present Human Impacts On The Neotropical Forests Of Petén, Guatemala, Christopher Stephen Balzotti
Theses and Dissertations
Tropical forests provide important habitat for a tremendous diversity of plant and animal species. However, limitations in measuring and monitoring the structure and function of tropical forests has caused these systems to remain poorly understood. Remote-sensing technology has provided a powerful tool for quantification of structural patterns and associating these with resource use. Satellite and aerial platforms can be used to collect remotely sensed images of tropical forests that can be applied to ecological research and management. Chapter 1 of this article highlights the resources available for tropical forest remote sensing and presents a case-study that demonstrates its application to …
Factors Influencing The Frequency Of Nest Parasitism By Brown-Headed Cowbirds In The Northern Sierra Nevada, Kathi L. Borgmann, Michael L. Morrison
Factors Influencing The Frequency Of Nest Parasitism By Brown-Headed Cowbirds In The Northern Sierra Nevada, Kathi L. Borgmann, Michael L. Morrison
Western North American Naturalist
Nest parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) can negatively affect host populations. Landscape-scale factors, such as proximity to residential areas, equestrian riding stables, and grazing allotments, can affect the risk of nest parasitism as well as the abundance of Brown-headed Cowbirds. Recent increases in residential and recreational development along with a reduction in grazing allotments in the northern Sierra Nevada provide an opportunity to reevaluate factors that influence frequency of nest parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds. Frequency of nest parasitism increased as the distance to the nearest residential center and distance to the nearest equestrian riding stable decreased. Similarly, …
Pollen Evidence Of Historical Forest Disturbance On The Wasatch Plateau, Utah, Jesse L. Morris, Andrea R. Brunelle, A. Steven Munson
Pollen Evidence Of Historical Forest Disturbance On The Wasatch Plateau, Utah, Jesse L. Morris, Andrea R. Brunelle, A. Steven Munson
Western North American Naturalist
Environmental indicators from lake sediments provide excellent opportunities to improve understanding of forest disturbance processes and corresponding changes in forest composition. Our research provides a methodology for assessing recent, historic, and prehistoric disturbances using lacustrine sediment records. We collected sediment cores from Blue Lake, a small subalpine lake on the Wasatch Plateau in central Utah. These cores record environmental changes caused by both spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) and human (logging and livestock grazing) modification. We observed deteriorated insect remains in the lake sediments. These remains correspond temporally with a historic spruce beetle outbreak, though alkaline conditions in the …
Daily And Seasonal Patterns Of Activity At Pygmy Rabbit Burrows In Utah, Janet E. Lee, Randy T. Larsen, Jerran T. Flinders, Dennis L. Eggett
Daily And Seasonal Patterns Of Activity At Pygmy Rabbit Burrows In Utah, Janet E. Lee, Randy T. Larsen, Jerran T. Flinders, Dennis L. Eggett
Western North American Naturalist
The pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) is a secretive, obligate sagebrush-steppe resident of the Intermountain West and is one of two rabbits in North America that digs its own burrows. Although the pygmy rabbit has a recorded home range of 0.21–67.9 ha in relatively high sagebrush cover (21%–36%), they spend much of their time within 30–100 m of a burrow system. Due to big sagebrush cover in preferred habitat and the secretive behavior of pygmy rabbits, it is often difficult to study this leporid through direct observation. We used remote cameras to document pygmy rabbit activity at burrow systems …
Mineral Lick Use By Gps Radio-Collared Mountain Goats In Southeastern British Columbia, Kim G. Poole, Karl D. Bachmann, Irene E. Teske
Mineral Lick Use By Gps Radio-Collared Mountain Goats In Southeastern British Columbia, Kim G. Poole, Karl D. Bachmann, Irene E. Teske
Western North American Naturalist
In most populations of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus), mineral lick use is an essential part of the ecology of the species. In many areas, the distribution and use of licks in the landscape is poorly known, rendering planning for resource development difficult. We examined lick use by 28 GPS radio-collared mountain goats in 2 study areas in southeastern British Columbia during 2004–2005. Viewing collar-location movements on digital orthophotos, we assumed goat use of 6 previously known and 10 suspected mineral licks. Field visits verified that 9 of the 10 suspected sites were mineral licks. Thirteen of the 15 …
Evaluation Of Brood Detection Techniques: Recommendations For Estimating Greater Sage-Grouse Productivity, David K. Dahlgren, Terry A. Messmer, Eric T. Thacker, Michael R. Guttery
Evaluation Of Brood Detection Techniques: Recommendations For Estimating Greater Sage-Grouse Productivity, David K. Dahlgren, Terry A. Messmer, Eric T. Thacker, Michael R. Guttery
Western North American Naturalist
Obtaining timely and accurate assessment of sage-grouse (Centrocercus spp.) chick survival and recruitment is an important component of species management and conservation. We compared the effectiveness of walking, spotlight, and pointing-dog surveys to detect radio-marked and unmarked chicks within broods of radio-marked hens in Utah. Walking surveys detected 72% of marked chicks, while spotlight and pointing-dog surveys detected 100% and 96%, respectively. We found no difference between spotlight and pointing-dog counts in number of marked and unmarked chicks detected (P = 0.57). Spotlight counts were slightly more time efficient than pointing-dog surveys. However, spotlight surveys were nocturnal searches …
Preliminary Assessment Of Velvet Ant (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) Diversity In The Deserts Of Southern California, Joseph S. Wilson, Kevin A. Williams, James P. Pitts
Preliminary Assessment Of Velvet Ant (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) Diversity In The Deserts Of Southern California, Joseph S. Wilson, Kevin A. Williams, James P. Pitts
Western North American Naturalist
The deserts of southern California house a diverse and unique insect fauna. Velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) are common in these deserts. Velvet ants are important to ecosystem health, particularly in desert environments, because they are parasitic on the bees and wasps that help maintain overall ecosystem function. The goal of this study was to measure velvet ant diversity across the deserts of southern California. We made preliminary collections from 10 sites in a variety of areas in the western Sonoran Desert (Colorado Desert), the Mojave Desert, and the Great Basin Desert. We measured β-diversity using Sørensen's similarity index to compare …
Status Of An Invading Mainland Jackrabbit On Cerralvo Island, Gulf Of California, Consuelo Lorenzo, Sergio Ticul Álvarez-Castañeda, Patricia Cortés-Calva, Mayra De La Paz, Jorge E. Bolaños
Status Of An Invading Mainland Jackrabbit On Cerralvo Island, Gulf Of California, Consuelo Lorenzo, Sergio Ticul Álvarez-Castañeda, Patricia Cortés-Calva, Mayra De La Paz, Jorge E. Bolaños
Western North American Naturalist
We report the first observations of the black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) on Cerralvo Island, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Evidence suggests a self-sustaining population. Analysis of available records indicates no previous record of Lepus on the island. Introduction of the jackrabbit to the island appears to have occurred between 1960 and 1991.
First Reports Of Draba Pennellii And Draba Pedicellata (Cruciferae) In Utah, And New Distribution Records For Draba Kassii, Draba Novolympica, And Hackelia Ibapensis (Boraginaceae)., James G. Harris
Western North American Naturalist
The discovery of Draba pennellii Rollins and D. pedicellata (Rollins & R.A. Price) Windham var. pedicellata, both previously known only from Nevada, is reported here from the Deep Creek Mountains of western Utah. The documentation of significant populations of D. pennellii and D. pedicellata var. pedicellata in Utah is important for accurate botanical inventories and floristic studies in both Utah and Nevada. New distribution records for D. kassii S.L. Welsh, D. novolympica Payson & St. John, and Hackelia ibapensis L.M. Shultz & J.S. Shultz are described, and the significance of these range extensions and new populations is discussed.