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Nighttime Aboveground Movements By Prairie Dogs On Colonies Inhabited By Black-Footed Ferrets, David A. Eads, Jennifer G. Chipault, Dean E. Biggins, Travis M. Livieri, Joshua J. Millspaugh Jul 2010

Nighttime Aboveground Movements By Prairie Dogs On Colonies Inhabited By Black-Footed Ferrets, David A. Eads, Jennifer G. Chipault, Dean E. Biggins, Travis M. Livieri, Joshua J. Millspaugh

Western North American Naturalist

We describe observations of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) emerging aboveground at night, apparently in response to wild-born and captive-born black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) in South Dakota and New Mexico, respectively. We also discuss other similar observations accumulated on black-tailed prairie dog colonies as well as observations of white-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys leucurus) making nighttime movements, apparently in response to pre-reintroduction ferrets in Wyoming. Our observations suggest that, in addition to documented daytime defenses against ferrets, prairie dogs reduce vulnerability to predation by ferrets by using evasive movements at night.

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Field Guide To The Beetles Of California By Arthur V. Evans And James N. Hogue, Richard S. Zack Jul 2010

Field Guide To The Beetles Of California By Arthur V. Evans And James N. Hogue, Richard S. Zack

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Front Matter, Vol. 70 No. 2 Jul 2010

Front Matter, Vol. 70 No. 2

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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End Matter, Vol. 70 No. 2 Jul 2010

End Matter, Vol. 70 No. 2

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Present Effects Of Past Wildfires On Leaf Litter Breakdown In Stream Ecosystems, Peter Koetsier, Teresa R. B. Krause, Quenton M. Tuckett Jul 2010

Present Effects Of Past Wildfires On Leaf Litter Breakdown In Stream Ecosystems, Peter Koetsier, Teresa R. B. Krause, Quenton M. Tuckett

Western North American Naturalist

We investigated the present effects from a 10-year-old wildfire on leaf litter breakdown rates in 3 headwater streams in central Idaho. These systems experienced a massive debris flow one year after the fire. Based on soil instability and burn patterns, we identified 3 stream conditions: unburned, burned only, and burned/scoured. We placed leaf bags containing willow leaves (Salix sp.) in each stream type and removed bags at various time intervals until all bags were collected 100 days after their introduction. Leaf material was dried and weighed, and decay rate coefficients were calculated. Macroinvertebrates colonizing the bags were enumerated and …

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Disturbance Of Lekking Lesser Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus Pallidicinctus) By Ring-Necked Pheasants (Phasianus Colchicus), R. Douglas Holt, Matthew J. Butler, Warren B. Ballard, Curtis A. Kukal, Heather Whitlaw Jul 2010

Disturbance Of Lekking Lesser Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus Pallidicinctus) By Ring-Necked Pheasants (Phasianus Colchicus), R. Douglas Holt, Matthew J. Butler, Warren B. Ballard, Curtis A. Kukal, Heather Whitlaw

Western North American Naturalist

Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) populations have experienced dramatic rangewide declines (up to 92%) since settlement of the Great Plains. This decline has been attributed to changes in land-use practices, such as conversion of native rangelands to intensive agriculture and increased grazing pressure. These changes may increase the impact of interspecific competition on populations. We documented disturbance of lekking Lesser Prairie-Chickens by Ring-necked Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Future management and research should take into account possible impacts to Lesser Prairie-Chickens during the breeding season.

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A Different Voice: Nonadopted White Siblings Talk About Their Experiences Growing Up With Black Siblings, Andrea Genice Hardeman Jul 2010

A Different Voice: Nonadopted White Siblings Talk About Their Experiences Growing Up With Black Siblings, Andrea Genice Hardeman

Theses and Dissertations

This study explores the notion of racial empathy and whether or not the nonadopted white siblings in transracially adoptive families develop the ability to empathize within the context of race. Specifically, I look at the following three questions: Do white siblings who have black adopted siblings develop racial empathy – the ability for one to personally identify with racially sensitive issues that affect persons of a separate racial category – toward blacks outside of their family by virtue of their interactions with the adoptee? What are the different dimensions of racial empathy? How is racial empathy displayed at each dimension? …

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Comparison Of Adoptive Vs. Biological Mother-Infant Relationships In Nonhuman Primates, Rachel Ann Bogh Jul 2010

Comparison Of Adoptive Vs. Biological Mother-Infant Relationships In Nonhuman Primates, Rachel Ann Bogh

Theses and Dissertations

Studies suggest that adoptees are at risk for a number of psychopathological behaviors. To understand the etiology of this risk, 150 socially housed rhesus macaques were studied, including 107 infants reared with their biological mothers and 43 infants reared with unrelated adoptive mothers. Mother-infant behaviors were recorded across the first 6 months of life. Analyses were performed using a hierarchical linear mixed model. All reported results were tested at p<0.05. Adopted infants were observed on average to approach and leave their mothers more frequently, explore the environment and locomote longer, exhibit more anxiety-like behavior, spend less time being held to their mother's breast, and were rejected by their mothers more when compared to nonadopted infants, indicating they are more likely responsible for maintaining the relationship. They also direct and receive more noncontact aggression on average to other social group members, and showed evidence of higher anxiety exhibiting high levels of anxiety-like self-directed behavior when compared to nonadopted infants. Also, results indicate that adopted infants have significantly lower levels of the CSF serotonin metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid when compared to nonadopted infants.

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A Correlation Of Teacher Understanding Of The Nature Of Science (Nos) With Student Understanding, David G. Kent Jul 2010

A Correlation Of Teacher Understanding Of The Nature Of Science (Nos) With Student Understanding, David G. Kent

Theses and Dissertations

This is a study of how a teacher's understanding of the nature of science (NOS) correlates to student understanding of the nature of science. Participants are in semester long seventh grade science classes in a suburban school district. Seven strands of the nature of science were identified in the literature. Four strands were analyzed in this study. Teachers were ranked according to their understanding of the nature of science and compared to their corresponding students' average gain. There was no definitive pattern between the teacher's and corresponding students' gain. When broken down by strand, there still was no definitive pattern …

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Investigation Of Potential Trapping Bias In Malaise Traps Due To Mesh Gauge, In Two Habitats, David Jensen Betts Jul 2010

Investigation Of Potential Trapping Bias In Malaise Traps Due To Mesh Gauge, In Two Habitats, David Jensen Betts

Theses and Dissertations

Malaise traps are a common tool for collecting insects used by many researchers. Although there have been variations in the models and materials used for Malaise traps, the potential for sampling bias due to mesh gague has been explored inadequately. This study compared coarse and fine mesh Townes model Malaise traps in two habitats on the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. The two habitats next to the Lick Wash trailhead were defined by dominant vegetation type – sagebrush and grasses or Piñon-Juniper. We collected from three sites per habitat type, over three consecutive days in June in both 2006 and 2007. …

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Synthesis Of Glycolipids And Evaluation Of Their Nkt Cell Stimulatory Properties, Yang Liu Jul 2010

Synthesis Of Glycolipids And Evaluation Of Their Nkt Cell Stimulatory Properties, Yang Liu

Theses and Dissertations

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of T cells that modify a variety of immune responses. NKT cells recognize glycolipid antigen presented by a molecule called CD1d, a nonclassical antigen-presenting molecule. The best known subset of CD1d-dependent NKT cells expresses an invariant T cell receptor Vα (TCR-α) chain. These are referred to as type I or invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. When stimulated by a glycolipid, NKT cells rapidly release large amounts of cytokines. Cytokines released by NKT cells can induce either Th1 or Th2 responses. Th1 cytokines are effective in regulating bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections. But Th1 …

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State Regulation Of Assisted Reproductive Technology, Jonathan J. Morgan Jul 2010

State Regulation Of Assisted Reproductive Technology, Jonathan J. Morgan

Theses and Dissertations

State regulation of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been occurring since the inception of earlier technological advances such as artificial insemination to aid human reproduction. I provide a brief overview of the current regulation of ART in the U.S. and the literature on state regulation. Unlike previous studies of ART regulation which use content analysis or case studies of individual state laws I estimate ART regulation for the entire U.S. by using a series of random effects logistic regression models for the time period 1995-2006. To my knowledge this is the first quantitative analysis of ART regulation. I test the …

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Observations Of Reproduction In Mountain Lions From Nebraska, Sam Wilson, Justin D. Hoffman, Hugh H. Genoways Jul 2010

Observations Of Reproduction In Mountain Lions From Nebraska, Sam Wilson, Justin D. Hoffman, Hugh H. Genoways

Western North American Naturalist

Occurrences of mountain lions (Puma concolor) in Nebraska have been steadily increasing; however, reproductive activity in mountain lions has not been documented in the state. We present the first evidence of mountain lion reproduction in Nebraska since mountain lions recolonized the state in the early 1990s. On 28 February 2007, a spotted kitten was hit by a vehicle in northwestern Nebraska; and based on body length and weight, we estimate its age at 3.9 months. On 20 December 2008, a female mountain lion and spotted kitten were photographed in the northwestern part of the state. On 9 May …

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Climbing As An Escape Behavior In The American Hog-Nosed Skunk, Conepatus Leuconotus, Wesley B. Brashear, Robert C. Dowler, Gerardo Ceballos Jul 2010

Climbing As An Escape Behavior In The American Hog-Nosed Skunk, Conepatus Leuconotus, Wesley B. Brashear, Robert C. Dowler, Gerardo Ceballos

Western North American Naturalist

Climbing behavior is poorly documented in skunk species, with the exception of the genus Spilogale. Herein we describe 2 cases of climbing behavior in the American hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus leuconotus): one in Colima, Mexico, and another in west central Texas, USA. In both cases, a male climbed over 5 m into oak trees when pursued by humans. Climbing as an escape behavior in hog-nosed skunks has not previously been reported.

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The Montane Bee Fauna Of North Central Washington, Usa, With Floral Associations, Joseph S. Wilson, Lindsey E. Wilson, Larry D. Loftis, Terry Griswold Jul 2010

The Montane Bee Fauna Of North Central Washington, Usa, With Floral Associations, Joseph S. Wilson, Lindsey E. Wilson, Larry D. Loftis, Terry Griswold

Western North American Naturalist

The mountains of north central Washington contain a variety of habitat types, from shrubsteppe to high alpine meadows. While native bee surveys of some surrounding areas like the Columbia Basin are fairly complete, little work has been done in the mountains of north central Washington to document the diversity of bees found therein. We conducted a survey of native bees in the Tonasket Ranger District of the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest during summer 2004. Collections yielded a diverse bee fauna (140 species in 24 genera) visiting diverse floral elements (57 plant species in 18 families). These preliminary data suggest that a …

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Efficacy Of Using Passive Integrated Transponder Technology To Track Individual Shorthead Sculpins, Donald W. Zaroban, Steven M. Anglea Jul 2010

Efficacy Of Using Passive Integrated Transponder Technology To Track Individual Shorthead Sculpins, Donald W. Zaroban, Steven M. Anglea

Western North American Naturalist

We evaluated the feasibility of using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to mark and track individual shorthead sculpins (Cottus confusus). We implanted PIT tags in 80 shorthead sculpins in 2 size categories (60–80 mm and 81–106 mm total length) and in 1 of 2 locations (subcutaneous along the spinous dorsal fin or in the body cavity). We evaluated tag retention, sculpin survival, and net-avoidance behavior for 29 days. We observed no mortality directly attributable to PIT-tag injection at either tagging location. We observed a 38.8% loss rate of dorsal tags and a 2.5% loss rate of body-cavity tags. …

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Fossil History Of Notiosorex (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) Shrews With Descriptions Of New Fossil Species, Leslie N. Carraway Jul 2010

Fossil History Of Notiosorex (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) Shrews With Descriptions Of New Fossil Species, Leslie N. Carraway

Western North American Naturalist

Notiosorex shrews (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) have a fossil history that extends to the Miocene (i.e., mid-Hemphillian). In the intervening 6.69 million years, N. repenningi, N. jacksoni, and what heretofore was considered N. crawfordi existed with varying degrees of overlap in occurrence timewise and in geographic distribution in areas of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Examination of unusually small fossil specimens of Notiosorex indicated the presence of another species referable to this genus present in late Pleistocene- (i.e., early Wisconsinan) to Holocene-aged deposits. Based on statistical analyses, these specimens were as distinct from any of the other fossil or extant …

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Note On The Redescription Of The Nymph Of The Mayfly Rhithrogena Virilis Mcdunnough 1934 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae), Robert L. Newell, Donald Schenck Jul 2010

Note On The Redescription Of The Nymph Of The Mayfly Rhithrogena Virilis Mcdunnough 1934 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae), Robert L. Newell, Donald Schenck

Western North American Naturalist

The mayfly Rhithrogena virilis was first described in 1934 by McDunnough in western Canada. Since its description, it has been recorded only once. We reared nymphs and provide descriptions and digital photos that may make identification of this species easier.

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Records Of The Northern Grasshopper Mouse (Onychomys Leucogaster) In Western Iowa, Kristy K. Rickert, Keith Geluso Jul 2010

Records Of The Northern Grasshopper Mouse (Onychomys Leucogaster) In Western Iowa, Kristy K. Rickert, Keith Geluso

Western North American Naturalist

In Iowa, the northern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys leucogaster) previously was known only from the northwestern part of the state. Herein, we report records of O. leucogaster from the 1970s and 1980s that extend its distribution into west-central and southwestern Iowa. These records may represent dispersal movements into these parts of Iowa by southward movements from populations in northwestern Iowa or they may represent eastward movements of individuals from Nebraska prior to channelization of the Missouri River.

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Range Expansion Of The Western Gray Squirrel (Sciurus Griseus) In Northeastern California, John O. Matson, William F. Laudenslayer Jr., Stephanie A. Trewhitt, Mary Flores Jul 2010

Range Expansion Of The Western Gray Squirrel (Sciurus Griseus) In Northeastern California, John O. Matson, William F. Laudenslayer Jr., Stephanie A. Trewhitt, Mary Flores

Western North American Naturalist

We report the first records of the western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus) from Modoc County and eastern Lassen County in northeastern California. Specimens from Modoc County represent the first records of the species from the Great Basin geographic province. We conclude that these records represent a range expansion based upon previous fieldwork that did not report the species in the region.

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Developmental Contributions To Variation In Aspen Clones And The Influence Of Pre-Fire Succession Status On Aspen Regeneration Success, Eric A. Smith Jul 2010

Developmental Contributions To Variation In Aspen Clones And The Influence Of Pre-Fire Succession Status On Aspen Regeneration Success, Eric A. Smith

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis includes two studies: The first examined developmental changes that take place in the physiology of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and to characterize developmental influences on patterns of phenotypic trait variation among different aged ramets within the aspen clones. We surveyed eight clones, each with 8 distinct age classes ranging from 1 to 170 yrs in age. Using regression analysis we examined the relationships between ramet age and expression of functional phenotypes. Eight of the phenotypic traits demonstrated a non-linear relationship in which large changes in phenotype occurred in the early stages of ramet development and stabilized thereafter. …

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The Effects Of Low Frequency Ultrasound In Transdermal Drug Delivery, Aaron M. Wells Jul 2010

The Effects Of Low Frequency Ultrasound In Transdermal Drug Delivery, Aaron M. Wells

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Determine if varying ultrasound frequency affects the delivery of 10% hydrocortisone concentrations during phonophoresis. Utilize intramuscular microdialysis probe for drug collection, thus improving the experimental model. Methods: Thirty one (10 in groups 1 and 2, 11 in group 3) healthy subjects participated in this study. Interventions: Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups receiving 10 minute ultrasound treatments applied to a standardized area of the gastrocnemius muscle of the right leg. The ultrasound was performed over the treated area using a 10% hydrocortisone compound mixed with standard ultrasound gel. The contralateral limb served as the control …

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The Effects Of Indoor Track Curve Radius On Sprint Speed And Ground Reaction Forces, Jesse Tipasa Tukuafu Jul 2010

The Effects Of Indoor Track Curve Radius On Sprint Speed And Ground Reaction Forces, Jesse Tipasa Tukuafu

Theses and Dissertations

Sprinting on a curve is significantly slower than on a straightaway. Although the dimensions vary from track to track, indoor track curves are among the tightest curves that athletes will sprint at maximal speed. Previous studies have provided theories for how speed attenuation occurs when running on a curve. Yet, no previous research has determined how the variability of indoor track curve radii affects trained sprinters at maximal speeds. Purpose: To determine the differences in running speeds, ground time (GT), and medio-lateral (ML) impulse, with different indoor track radii. A secondary purpose was to understand the between-leg differences in GT …

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Development And Use Of A Physiologically Based Mathematical Model Describing The Relationships And Contributions Of Macronutrients To Weight And Body Composition Changes, Saori Sakita Jul 2010

Development And Use Of A Physiologically Based Mathematical Model Describing The Relationships And Contributions Of Macronutrients To Weight And Body Composition Changes, Saori Sakita

Theses and Dissertations

The effect of the dietary macronutrient composition on weight loss has been a controversial issue for decades. During that time, a high-protein, high-fat, and low-carbohydrate diet has been one of the more popular weight loss diets with the public. We hypothesized that a computer simulation model using STELLA software could help to better understanding the effect of the dietary macronutrient composition on weight loss. We calculated daily total oxidation instead of total energy expenditure as others have done based on the facts that carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake influence carbohydrate, fat, and protein oxidation. In order to create a simple …

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Modeling, Design, And Testing Of Contact-Aided Compliant Mechanisms In Spinal Arthroplasty, Peter Andrew Halverson Jul 2010

Modeling, Design, And Testing Of Contact-Aided Compliant Mechanisms In Spinal Arthroplasty, Peter Andrew Halverson

Theses and Dissertations

Injury, instrumentation, or surgery may change the functional biomechanics of the spine. Spinal fusion, the current surgical treatment of choice, stabilizes the spine by rigid fixation, reducing spinal mobility at the cost of increased stress at adjacent levels. Recently, alternatives to spinal fusion have been investigated. One such alternative is total disc replacements. The current generation of total disc replacements (TDRs) focuses on restoring the quantity of motion. Recent studies indicate that the moment-rotation response and axis of rotation, or quality of motion (QOM), may have important implications in the health of adjacent segments as well as the health of …

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Shavian Self-Fashioning: Authorized Biography And Shaw's Superman, Cort H. Kirksey Jul 2010

Shavian Self-Fashioning: Authorized Biography And Shaw's Superman, Cort H. Kirksey

Theses and Dissertations

George Bernard Shaw exercised an above-average level of authorial control, which even extended to his relationship with his biographers. Shaw crafts a persona, with the help of his "authorized" biographer Archibald Henderson, which displays a process of evolutionary development and progress along the lines of the Shavian philosophy of the Life Force and the Superman. In essence, Shaw is casting himself as a prototype for the Superman through the autobiographical manipulation of his biographers and aesthetic modes of self-fashioning.

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The Relationship Between Identity Development And Family History Knowledge, Clive Gordon Haydon Jul 2010

The Relationship Between Identity Development And Family History Knowledge, Clive Gordon Haydon

Theses and Dissertations

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between identity development in late adolescent university students and family history knowledge. The relationship was examined within both the individual developmental and family systems theoretical frameworks. It was proposed that identity development involves achieving personal autonomy from the family of origin and at the same time maintaining positive relatedness to the family of origin. Identity development was examined using exploration, commitment, autonomy, and relatedness as dependent variables. It was proposed that late adolescent's personal exploration of and commitment to roles and values may be influenced by knowledge of parent …

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The Relationship Between Attachment Related Family-Of-Origin Experiences And Sexual Satisfaction In Married Couples, James G. Strait Jul 2010

The Relationship Between Attachment Related Family-Of-Origin Experiences And Sexual Satisfaction In Married Couples, James G. Strait

Theses and Dissertations

This study of married couples examined the relationship between perceptions of attachment related family-of-origin experiences and sexual satisfaction directly and when mediated by marital quality. The sample consisted of 3,953 married couples who responded to the RELATionship Evaluation (RELATE). The nested model showed that more positive overall family-of-origin experiences and parent-child relationships were related to higher sexual satisfaction. When adding marital quality as a mediator, overall family-of-origin experience and the parent-child relationship were predictive of higher sexual satisfaction when mediated by marital quality but removed most direct effects to sexual satisfaction. There was a strong positive relationship between marital quality …

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Crosses, Flowers, And Toads: Classic Maya Bloodletting Iconography In Yaxchilan Lintels 24, 25, And 26, Kirsten Rachelle Steiger Jul 2010

Crosses, Flowers, And Toads: Classic Maya Bloodletting Iconography In Yaxchilan Lintels 24, 25, And 26, Kirsten Rachelle Steiger

Theses and Dissertations

The lintels of Yaxchilan Structure 23 seem to be a demonstrable case wherein specific symbols are singled out and deliberately used in an ordered sequence. Taken together as a unified series, Yaxchilan Lintels 24, 25, and 26 summarize the multi-step process of royal autosacrifice. An iconographic study of the huipil patterns depicted on these lintels yields a better understanding of complex bloodletting iconography and the way in which depictions of ceremonial autosacrifice reinforce Classic Maya beliefs relating to the divine role of Maya elite in eliciting communion with the gods and the subsequent rebirth of the cosmos. The rich iconography …

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Beyond Employment And Income: The Association Between Young Adults’ Finances And Marital Timing, Jeffrey P. Dew, Joseph Price Jul 2010

Beyond Employment And Income: The Association Between Young Adults’ Finances And Marital Timing, Jeffrey P. Dew, Joseph Price

Faculty Publications

This study tested an extension of the theory of marital timing (Oppenheimer, Am J Sociol 94:563–591, 1988) by assessing whether visible and less visible financial assets and debt mediated the relationship between employment and the likelihood of marriage. We conducted these prospective, longitudinal analyses using a sample of 1,522 never-married young adults from the National Survey of Families and Households. For participants who were not cohabiting at Wave 1, financial issues such as car values predicted marriage but did not mediate the relationship between work hours, occupational prestige, and the likelihood of marriage. For cohabiting participants, employment factors were the …

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