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Cell Velocity Is Asymptotically Independent Of Force: A Differential Equation Model With Random Switching., J. C. Dallon, Emily J. Evans, Christopher P. Grant, William V. Smith Dec 2019

Cell Velocity Is Asymptotically Independent Of Force: A Differential Equation Model With Random Switching., J. C. Dallon, Emily J. Evans, Christopher P. Grant, William V. Smith

Faculty Publications

Numerical simulations suggest that average velocity of a biological cell depends largely on attachment dynamics and less on the forces exerted by the cell. We determine the relationship between two models of cell motion, one based on finite spring constants modeling attachment properties (a randomly switched differential equation) and a limiting case (a centroid model-a generalized random walk) where spring constants are infinite. We prove the main result of this paper, the Expected Velocity Relationship theorem. This result shows that the expected value of the difference between cell locations in the differential equation model at the initial time and at …

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Novel Host-Bacterial Symbioses Revealed: Characterization Of Wolbachia In Arthropods Of Western North America, Joanne P. Odden, Wyatt Eng, Kelsey Lee, Helen Donelick, Mallory Hiefield, Jamie Steach, Lauren Chan Dec 2019

Novel Host-Bacterial Symbioses Revealed: Characterization Of Wolbachia In Arthropods Of Western North America, Joanne P. Odden, Wyatt Eng, Kelsey Lee, Helen Donelick, Mallory Hiefield, Jamie Steach, Lauren Chan

Western North American Naturalist

Arthropod-bacterial symbioses are prevalent and play significant roles in ecosystems and the economy, and in some cases, habitat invasion. Wolbachia bacteria form symbiotic associations with a wide range of arthropod hosts and can affect both host reproduction and resistance to viral infections. The extent to which Wolbachia infects different arthropod species is fundamental not only to host biology, but also to the health of humans, ecosystems, and agriculture. Much of what we know about the effects of Wolbachia comes from a few key taxa, such as the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and the mosquito vector of human disease, Aedes aegypti …

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Front Matter, Vol. 79, No. 4 Dec 2019

Front Matter, Vol. 79, No. 4

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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End Matter, Vol. 79 No. 4 Dec 2019

End Matter, Vol. 79 No. 4

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Gender Roles In The United States, Robert Bush Dec 2019

Gender Roles In The United States, Robert Bush

Student Works

Can men and women be separate but equal? In our modern society, equality of the sexes is generally accepted as a fact. However, according to Separate Spheres Ideology, women and men have different spaces in society where they fit best. This ideology traditionally says that women belong in the home and in situations involving child care, while men are better suited for the workplace (Miller & Borgida, 2016). Can men and women be expected to fulfill separate roles in society and still be treated as equals? What positive or negative effects do gender roles have on individuals and organizations? Are …

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Folklore Final Project: Byu Engagement And Wedding Rings, Emily Thomas Dec 2019

Folklore Final Project: Byu Engagement And Wedding Rings, Emily Thomas

Final Projects

Engaged or married BYU students talk about their engagement and wedding rings.

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Deterring Rodent Seed Predation Using Seed-Coating Technologies, Justin Blake Taylor Dec 2019

Deterring Rodent Seed Predation Using Seed-Coating Technologies, Justin Blake Taylor

Theses and Dissertations

With many natural landscapes undergoing restoration efforts, there is a growing need for the optimization of direct seeding practices. Seeds planted on wildlands are often consumed by rodents leading to reduced plant establishment. Coating seeds in rodent aversive products may prevent seed predation. We tested ten seed-coating formulations containing products expected to deter rodents, namely: ghost and cayenne pepper powders; essential oils from bergamot, neem, and pine; methyl-nonyl-ketone, anthraquinone, activated carbon, beta-cyclodextrin and a blank coating containing no rodent deterrents to serve as a control treatment. Each treatment was applied to Pseudoroegneria spicata (bluebunch wheatgrass) seeds. These seeds germinated similarly …

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Application Of Ground-Based Lidar And Gap Intercept Measurements To Quantify A Shrub Configuration Metric Within Greater Sage-Grouse Nesting Habitat, Khodabakhsh Zabihi, Kenneth L. Driese, Ginger B. Paige, Ann L. Hild Dec 2019

Application Of Ground-Based Lidar And Gap Intercept Measurements To Quantify A Shrub Configuration Metric Within Greater Sage-Grouse Nesting Habitat, Khodabakhsh Zabihi, Kenneth L. Driese, Ginger B. Paige, Ann L. Hild

Western North American Naturalist

Vegetation composition (i.e., relative proportion of species) and configuration (i.e., horizontal and vertical arrangement of the plant components) in sagebrush-steppe ecosystems are fundamental determinants of the suitability of nesting habitat for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). The spatial arrangement of shrub and herbaceous canopy cover conceals Greater Sage-Grouse from predators and protects the nest from natural hazards, and gaps in vegetative cover provide escape routes for hens. Most sage-grouse habitat studies quantify vegetation composition, but few quantify habitat configuration at fine scales. We used ground-based lidar (light detection and ranging) data from Greater Sage-Grouse nesting habitat to test the …

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Evaluation Of Chemical, Physical, And Sensory Properties Of Tortillas Prepared From Nixtamalized Oats, Andrea Boza Arauz Dec 2019

Evaluation Of Chemical, Physical, And Sensory Properties Of Tortillas Prepared From Nixtamalized Oats, Andrea Boza Arauz

Theses and Dissertations

Background and objectives: While alkaline nixtamalization has historically been used for corn, this process may have application in other cereals. Drawbacks to wider use include the lengthy steep time, as well as the volume of alkaline wastewater produced. This study evaluated a novel, waste-effluent-free nixtamalization process for oat (Avena sativa) masa, and compared properties of oat masa and tortillas prepared with 1, 1.5 and 2% lime, with and without steeping. Findings: A minimal water-addition, 45-min, simmering process, without steeping, was effluent-free, and produced oat tortillas comparable to those produced using a traditional overnight steep. The pH increased significantly with increasing …

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Understanding Stem Faculty Members' Decisions About Evidence-Based Instructional Practices, Rebecca Louise Sansom Dec 2019

Understanding Stem Faculty Members' Decisions About Evidence-Based Instructional Practices, Rebecca Louise Sansom

Theses and Dissertations

Traditional teaching practices in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses have failed to support student success, causing many students to leave STEM fields and disproportionately affecting women and students of color. Although much is known about effective STEM teaching practices, many faculty continue to adhere to traditional methods, such as lecture. In this study, we investigated the factors that affect STEM faculty members' instructional decisions about evidence-based instructional practices (EBIPs). We performed a qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews with faculty members from the Colleges of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering who took part in the …

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Carnivore Carrying Behavior As Documented With Wildlife Camera Traps, Rebecca M. Windell, Jesse S. Lewis, Ashley R. Gramza, Kevin R. Crooks Dec 2019

Carnivore Carrying Behavior As Documented With Wildlife Camera Traps, Rebecca M. Windell, Jesse S. Lewis, Ashley R. Gramza, Kevin R. Crooks

Western North American Naturalist

Carrying behavior is exhibited for myriad purposes by a variety of animals, including mammalian carnivores, but it has been poorly studied. We used wildlife camera data to document and describe carrying behavior in a suite of native and domestic mammalian carnivores in Colorado, USA. Our objectives were to estimate the carrying rate for each carnivore species, assess the relationship between carrying rate and carnivore body mass, compare items carried to known diets and with proximity to urbanization, and explore seasonal variation in carrying rate. We documented carrying behavior in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans), …

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Variation In Reproductive Timing For The Northern Long-Eared Myotis (Myotis Septentrionalis) Across Nebraska, Keith Geluso, Cliff A. Lemen, Patricia W. Freeman, Brett R. Andersen, Jeremy A. White, Heather M. Johnson Dec 2019

Variation In Reproductive Timing For The Northern Long-Eared Myotis (Myotis Septentrionalis) Across Nebraska, Keith Geluso, Cliff A. Lemen, Patricia W. Freeman, Brett R. Andersen, Jeremy A. White, Heather M. Johnson

Western North American Naturalist

The northern long-eared myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), a federally threatened species, occurs in extreme northern, eastern, and southern Nebraska. These regions vary in climate due to geographic location, topography, and elevation. During a 1-week period in early July 2015, we surveyed bats across the state and observed striking variation in the reproductive status for M. septentrionalis. We examined whether or not growing degree days, an abiotic climatic factor used mainly for agricultural practices, was associated with this reproductive variation in a mammalian species. In early July, we captured only pregnant females in the Pine Ridge region of northwestern …

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How Supportive And Maladaptive Parental Responses Toward Adolescent Emotions May Affect Adolescent Depressive Symptoms, Kaylin Cash Dec 2019

How Supportive And Maladaptive Parental Responses Toward Adolescent Emotions May Affect Adolescent Depressive Symptoms, Kaylin Cash

Family Perspectives

During the peak of adolescent development, teenagers experience a variety of influences that can either improve or exacerbate mental health. Specifically, the way in which an adolescent manages his or her emotions can greatly influence mental health stability. Emotional regulation can decrease the risk of experiencing depressive symptoms. Adolescents may learn how to manage their emotions through a variety of sources, but one of the most influential sources is likely to be their parents. When parents inflict negative philosophies and responses toward negatively expressed adolescent emotions, adolescents are more likely to learn unhealthy emotional regulation skills. Consequently, poor emotional regulation …

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The "Safe Adventure" Of Sex, Mckell Jorgensen, Laura Waters Black Dec 2019

The "Safe Adventure" Of Sex, Mckell Jorgensen, Laura Waters Black

Family Perspectives

No abstract provided.

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Evaluation Of An Elk Detection Probability Model In The Black Hills, South Dakota, Evan C. Phillips, Chadwick P. Lehman, Robert W. Klaver, Angela R. Jarding, Susan P. Rupp, Jonathan A. Jenks, Christopher N. Jacques Dec 2019

Evaluation Of An Elk Detection Probability Model In The Black Hills, South Dakota, Evan C. Phillips, Chadwick P. Lehman, Robert W. Klaver, Angela R. Jarding, Susan P. Rupp, Jonathan A. Jenks, Christopher N. Jacques

Western North American Naturalist

Since 1993, elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) abundance in the Black Hills of South Dakota has been estimated using a detection probability model previously developed in Idaho, though it is likely biased because of a failure to account for visibility biases under local conditions. To correct for this bias, we evaluated the current detection probability across the Black Hills during January and February 2009–2011 using radio-collared elk. We used logistic regression to evaluate topographic features, habitat characteristics, and group characteristics relative to their influence on detection probability of elk. Elk detection probability increased with less vegetation cover (%), increased …

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Day Roosts Of Myotis (Mammalia: Chiroptera) In An Arid Riparian Corridor In Southwestern New Mexico, Simon P. Tye, Keith Geluso Dec 2019

Day Roosts Of Myotis (Mammalia: Chiroptera) In An Arid Riparian Corridor In Southwestern New Mexico, Simon P. Tye, Keith Geluso

Western North American Naturalist

Riparian corridors in the western United States harbor diverse biological communities that are threatened by reductions in available freshwater, changes to natural disturbance regimes, and anthropogenic disturbances. Limited data are available about bat roosts in riparian habitats in the southwestern United States. We examined day roosts of 3 sympatric Myotis species, the southwestern myotis (Myotis auriculus), Arizona myotis (Myotis occultus), and Yuma myotis (Myotis yumanensis), along the Mimbres River in southwestern New Mexico. We tracked 3 M. auriculus, 3 M. occultus, and 1 M. yumanensis to 16 Fremont’s cottonwoods (Populus fremontii …

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Continued Westward Expansion Of Woodchucks (Marmota Monax) In Nebraska, Ashley J. Forrester, Brian C. Peterson, Jourdan M. Ringenberg, Shannon M. Schlater, Keith Geluso Dec 2019

Continued Westward Expansion Of Woodchucks (Marmota Monax) In Nebraska, Ashley J. Forrester, Brian C. Peterson, Jourdan M. Ringenberg, Shannon M. Schlater, Keith Geluso

Western North American Naturalist

During the last century, the distribution of the woodchuck (Marmota monax) has expanded westward in parts of the Great Plains. Expansive grasslands of the Great Plains were formerly a barrier to forest-dwelling species, but changes since European settlement have enabled some woodland species to colonize the region. By 2000, woodchucks generally reached across the central portion of Nebraska. We compiled new county records and estimated the continued westward expansion rate of this large, diurnal squirrel in Nebraska. We documented new records of M. monax along much of the former western distributional limits in central and southern parts …

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Machine Learning On Acoustic Signals Applied To High-Speed Bridge Deck Defect Detection, Yao Chou Dec 2019

Machine Learning On Acoustic Signals Applied To High-Speed Bridge Deck Defect Detection, Yao Chou

Theses and Dissertations

Machine learning techniques are being applied to many data-intensive problems because they can accurately provide classification of complex data using appropriate training. Often, the performance of machine learning can exceed the performance of traditional techniques because machine learning can take advantage of higher dimensionality than traditional algorithms. In this work, acoustic data sets taken using a rapid scanning technique on concrete bridge decks provided an opportunity to both apply machine learning algorithms to improve detection performance and also to investigate the ways that training of neural networks can be aided by data augmentation approaches. Early detection and repair can enhance …

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Biologic And Hydrologic Controls Of Water Quality In Urbanizing Semi-Arid Watersheds, Erin Fleming Jones Dec 2019

Biologic And Hydrologic Controls Of Water Quality In Urbanizing Semi-Arid Watersheds, Erin Fleming Jones

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation analyzed the effect of biologic and hydrologic processes on water quality in urban, semi-arid watersheds. In the first chapter, we analyzed bacterioplankton and water quality along elevation and urbanization gradients in three Wasatch Mountain watersheds across three seasons. We found that trace metals correlated with bacterioplankton composition and that the typical dispersal of bacteria from headwater sources (soil or groundwater) along the longitudinal pathway was drastically disrupted by the presence of large reservoirs. In the second chapter, we used high-frequency sensor data collected in streams above and below the urban center in the three watersheds to estimate the …

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Inclusion Of Kinetic Proteomics In Multi-Omics Methods To Analyze Calorie Restriction Effects On Aging, Richard Hajime Carson Dec 2019

Inclusion Of Kinetic Proteomics In Multi-Omics Methods To Analyze Calorie Restriction Effects On Aging, Richard Hajime Carson

Theses and Dissertations

One of the greatest risk factors for disease is advanced age. As the human lifespan has increased, so too have the burdens of caring for an increasingly older population suffering from rising rates of cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and dementia. The need for improving medical technology and developing new therapies for age-related diseases is manifest. Yet our understanding of the processes of aging and how to attenuate the effects of aging remains incomplete. Various studies have established calorie restriction as a robust method for extending lifespan in laboratory organisms; however the mechanism is a topic of much debate. Advancing …

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An Exploration Of Neural Networks In Enhanced Resolution Remote Sensing Products, Jordan Paul Brown Dec 2019

An Exploration Of Neural Networks In Enhanced Resolution Remote Sensing Products, Jordan Paul Brown

Theses and Dissertations

Scatterometry and radiometry are used to obtain measurements of Earth properties with extensive spatial coverage at daily or near-daily temporal resolution. Their measurements are used in many climate studies and weather applications, such as iceberg tracking, ocean wind estimation, and volumetric soil moisture measurements. The spatial resolution of these data products ranges from a few kilometers to tens of kilometers. Techniques to enhance the spatial resolution of these products help reveal finer scale features, but come at the cost of increased noise. This thesis explores the application of neural networks as a possible method to handle the noise and uncertainty …

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The Role Of Growth Arrest Specific 6 And Axl Signaling In Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, Marc Shigeru Matsumura Dec 2019

The Role Of Growth Arrest Specific 6 And Axl Signaling In Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, Marc Shigeru Matsumura

Theses and Dissertations

Skeletal muscle regeneration is a critical process that replaces damaged muscle fibers with new fibers. The regenerative process can be segmented into four main phases: necrosis, inflammation, regeneration, and maturation. While many of the key signaling molecules are known and characterized, there are still gaps in our understanding of how this process is regulated. While it is reported that growth arrest specific 6 (Gas6) and its receptor Axl are expressed in mature muscle tissue, nothing is known about the effect that Gas6 and Axl have on regulating skeletal muscle regeneration. In this study we investigated the regenerative process in a …

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The Performing Female Body: The National Theatre Frankenstein As Performance Art, Hannah Mahrii Gunson Dec 2019

The Performing Female Body: The National Theatre Frankenstein As Performance Art, Hannah Mahrii Gunson

Theses and Dissertations

The National Theatre's Frankenstein is not the first time Shelley's novel has been adapted for the stage, but it is the first time a stage adaptation has returned the popular story to its source material's feminist themes. Departing from the iterations that portrayed Victor Frankenstein as a Byronic hero, Nick Dear's adaptation has re-designed Frankenstein to be misogynistic and calloused. His new nature is best observed in the scene wherein Frankenstein presents the Woman-Creature he's built for his first Creature. She is naked, silent, submissive, and viciously dismembered at the end of the scene. While such submissiveness might justifiably be …

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Methods And Application For Tracking Seedling Fate On The Utah Test And Training Range, Jesse Randal Morris Dec 2019

Methods And Application For Tracking Seedling Fate On The Utah Test And Training Range, Jesse Randal Morris

Theses and Dissertations

Remote sensing of the environment has become an effective and useful research approach applied across a wide range of scientific and professional disciplines. Generally remote sensing is used to evaluate patterns and processes at broad spatio-temporal scales, such as classifying landscape vegetation patterns or for creating digital surface models, however, there are increasing opportunities to expand the use of remotely sensed information to a wider range of applications at variable spatial and temporal scales. In the field of plant seedling and germination research methods are needed to improve plant establishment and restoration monitoring, particularly in areas that have historically low …

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American Black Bears (Ursus Americanus) Of The Paunsaugunt Plateau: Movements And Habitat Use, Rebekah Adriana Castro Dungan Dec 2019

American Black Bears (Ursus Americanus) Of The Paunsaugunt Plateau: Movements And Habitat Use, Rebekah Adriana Castro Dungan

Theses and Dissertations

Concerns over human-bear conflict and questions about the ecology of Paunsaugunt Plateau's population of black bears (Ursus americanus) arose due to their visitation to popular recreation sites. Greater insight about bears and their habitat use provides a foundation for conflict mitigation and effective management decisions. Between 2014 and 2017, seventeen black bears (11 female, 6 male) were fitted with global positioning system (GPS) radio-collars so that we could track their locations, daily activity patterns, and ambient temperatures. By analyzing bear locations, we calculated annual and seasonal home ranges for 16 bears, including 25 den sites. Home ranges typically consisted of …

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The Role Of The Autonomic Nervous System In The Relationship Between Emotion Regulation And Conflict Tactics In Couples, Natalie Gold Orr Dec 2019

The Role Of The Autonomic Nervous System In The Relationship Between Emotion Regulation And Conflict Tactics In Couples, Natalie Gold Orr

Theses and Dissertations

Gross' emotion regulation model, Porges' polyvagal theory, and other existing research suggest that regulation of emotions, tactics used to handle conflict, and certain physiological processes that occur within the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in response to stress are significantly related, especially in relational contexts. However, despite their pervasiveness and negative impacts, there is a noticeable lack of research on predictors of violent, aggressive, or abusive conflict tactics in couples. In the current study, the predictive role of emotion regulation in relation to conflict tactics was examined, in addition to the role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and pre-ejection period (PEP) …

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Outcomes For Professionals And Companies Through Student-Professional Reverse Mentoring Sessions, Nicholas Burr Gubler Dec 2019

Outcomes For Professionals And Companies Through Student-Professional Reverse Mentoring Sessions, Nicholas Burr Gubler

Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative inquiry explores the outcomes that professionals, and their companies, experience when they participate in a student-professional reverse mentorship. Professional development is used across all trades and professions as a way to increase employee skills and improve product/service quality. Reverse mentoring, where a novice teaches the more experienced individual, is a relatively new approach in professional development. When the reverse mentoring scenario is between students and professionals, instead of professionals and their colleagues, we know that students benefit from the reverse mentoring process but little is known about what outcomes the professionals experience. This research reports that professionals experience …

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Susceptibility Of Borrelia Burgdorferi Morphological Forms To Chemical Antimicrobials, Ann-Aubrey Kaiwilani Reid Nov 2019

Susceptibility Of Borrelia Burgdorferi Morphological Forms To Chemical Antimicrobials, Ann-Aubrey Kaiwilani Reid

Theses and Dissertations

Borrelia burgdorferi is the etiological agent of Lyme disease. Not much is known about the susceptibility of this organism to chemical disinfection. Current antimicrobial susceptibility test methods, such as those published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), usually require assessment of the number of colony forming units (cfu) of growing organisms on plates following exposure to an agent. For fast-growing organisms, plates are ready for counting 1-2 days post plating, while several weeks may be needed for slower growing organisms. Spirochetes, like B. burgdorferi are difficult to grow on solid media and typically require long incubation periods, …

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Investigation Of Thymidine Kinase 1 In Cancer Progression, Eliza Esther King Bitter Nov 2019

Investigation Of Thymidine Kinase 1 In Cancer Progression, Eliza Esther King Bitter

Theses and Dissertations

Understanding cancer biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis leads to improved patient treatments and care. This thesis addresses the relevance of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) as a cancer biomarker and the role of TK1 in cancer progression. Worldwide, cancer leads to more than 12 million deaths annually. In the United States alone, each year over 1.5 million cases will be diagnosed and over half a million persons will die. The most prevalent cancer types include skin, lung, breast, prostate, and colon. TK1 is known to be present in the serum of patients with multiple cancer types, including lung, breast, colon and …

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Environmental Determinants Of Recruitment Success Of Subalpine Fir (Abies Lasiocarpa) In A Mixed-Conifer Forest, Elizah Z. Stephens, Christopher P. Murar, Daniel B. Tinker, Paige E. Copenhaver-Parry Nov 2019

Environmental Determinants Of Recruitment Success Of Subalpine Fir (Abies Lasiocarpa) In A Mixed-Conifer Forest, Elizah Z. Stephens, Christopher P. Murar, Daniel B. Tinker, Paige E. Copenhaver-Parry

Western North American Naturalist

Understanding the processes that underlie forest resilience is of increasing importance as climate change and shifting disturbance regimes continue to impact western forests. Forest research and management efforts within the low-diversity conifer forests of the U.S. Rocky Mountains have typically focused on relatively monotypic stands dominated by a single cohort, but mixed-conifer stands, such as those codominated by Abies lasiocarpa and Pinus contorta have been less widely studied. The presence of A. lasiocarpa may enhance resilience to fire- and mountain pine beetle–induced mortality and depends on successful A. lasiocarpa recruitment under a range of environmental conditions. The purpose of this …

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