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Caching Propensities And Effectiveness Of Five Coexisting Heteromyid Rodent Species As Dispersers Of Indian Ricegrass (Achnatherum Hymenoides) Seeds, William S. Longland, Stephen B. Vander Wall Nov 2019

Caching Propensities And Effectiveness Of Five Coexisting Heteromyid Rodent Species As Dispersers Of Indian Ricegrass (Achnatherum Hymenoides) Seeds, William S. Longland, Stephen B. Vander Wall

Western North American Naturalist

Recruitment of Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides) seedlings occurs primarily from surface seed caches made by scatter-hoarding desert rodents of the family Heteromyidae. We used radiolabeled Indian ricegrass seeds in field seed-caching experiments with 5 coexisting heteromyid species (Dipodomys deserti, D. merriami, D. microps, Microdipodops pallidus, and Perognathus longimembris) to compare their potential effectiveness as dispersers. Dipodomys microps individuals deposited seeds almost exclusively in larders rather than in scatter hoards, implying that this species is unlikely to be an important seed disperser. Among the other species, individual caches made by larger species had more seeds than those …

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Photographic Records Confirming The Presence Of Wild Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo Ssp.) In The Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve Of Guanajuato, Mexico, Manuel Rangel-Rojas, Juan F. Charre-Medellín, Tiberio C. Monterrubio-Rico, Gloria Magaña-Cota, José S. Contreras-Robledo, Luis Sáenz-Villa, Luis Vázquez-Sandoval Nov 2019

Photographic Records Confirming The Presence Of Wild Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo Ssp.) In The Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve Of Guanajuato, Mexico, Manuel Rangel-Rojas, Juan F. Charre-Medellín, Tiberio C. Monterrubio-Rico, Gloria Magaña-Cota, José S. Contreras-Robledo, Luis Sáenz-Villa, Luis Vázquez-Sandoval

Western North American Naturalist

The Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo sspp.) is a galliform historically distributed throughout the Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre Oriental, and central Mexico. However, it is currently extirpated from much of its original range. Herein, we report the presence of Wild Turkey in temperate forests of the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve of Guanajuato (SGBRG). We also highlight the importance of our observations in the context of possible natural dispersal and potential range recovery of suitable areas within the historical range in the interior of Guanajuato State. As a result of a wildlife survey program in the SGBRG, a set of …

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Are Father Depression And Masculinity Associated With Father Perceptions Of Maternal Gatekeeping?, Clare R. Thomas, Erin Kramer Holmes Nov 2019

Are Father Depression And Masculinity Associated With Father Perceptions Of Maternal Gatekeeping?, Clare R. Thomas, Erin Kramer Holmes

Faculty Publications

Maternal gatekeeping has been associated with reductions in father involvement and can have a negative impact on the family. Few researchers, however, have focused on how characteristics of the father contribute to gatekeeping. Consequently, this brief report is focused on associations between father depression, father adherence to masculine norms, and father reports of maternal gatekeeping. We further test whether a father's adherence to traditional masculine norms interacts with the relationship between depression and father reports of maternal gatekeeping. This study adds to the current literature on both maternal gatekeeping and father mental health. Participants in this study include 2,214 fathers …

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Resolving Relationships And Revealing Hybridization In Aliciella Subsection Subnuda (Polemoniaceae), Theresa Conley Saunders Nov 2019

Resolving Relationships And Revealing Hybridization In Aliciella Subsection Subnuda (Polemoniaceae), Theresa Conley Saunders

Theses and Dissertations

Phylogenetics is crucial in the study of evolutionary processes and the determination of appropriate conservation units, and often these efforts are complicated by hybridization and introgression. Aliciella subsection Subnuda consists of seven species of herbaceous plants occurring in Utah and the Four Corners region of North America. Previous molecular and morphological work left relationships in the subsection unresolved. Here, we use comparative DNA sequencing of ITS and cpDNA regions and RAD-seq data to clarify phylogenetic relationships and examine the role of hybridization in the subsection. We construct haplotype and nucleotype networks from the cpDNA and ITS sequence matrices and compare …

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Detection Of Preble's Meadow Jumping Mice (Zapus Hudsonius Preblei) Following Low-Severity Fire, Nicole L. Bjornlie, Joel Thompson Nov 2019

Detection Of Preble's Meadow Jumping Mice (Zapus Hudsonius Preblei) Following Low-Severity Fire, Nicole L. Bjornlie, Joel Thompson

Western North American Naturalist

Wildfire activity in the western United States has increased in recent decades and is predicted to continue increasing. As wildfires cause landscape-level habitat modifications, understanding how wildlife respond to these disturbances is crucial. The Preble’s meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius preblei) is listed as federally threatened, but little information is available on population responses to wildfire. We conducted live-capture surveys prior to and following a natural low-severity fire in eastern Wyoming. Although we did not detect jumping mice in the year following wildfire, we documented a breeding population both immediately prior to and 2 years following fire. Captures …

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Sylvilagus Audubonii And Lepus Californicus Home Range Sizes In The Chihuahuan Desert, Robert L. Harrison Nov 2019

Sylvilagus Audubonii And Lepus Californicus Home Range Sizes In The Chihuahuan Desert, Robert L. Harrison

Western North American Naturalist

Knowledge of a species’ home range size is useful for numerous areas of study, including body-mass scaling, metabolic requirements, and conservation. Notably lacking are home range size estimates from desert habitats for 2 common mammals, Sylvilagus audubonii and Lepus californicus. I estimated daytime, nighttime, and 24-h home range sizes using telemetry in the Chihuahuan Desert of south central New Mexico. For both species, estimates were larger in nighttime than in daytime, and estimates for S. audubonii were larger for males than for females. I found no evidence for home range “cores.”


El conocer el tamaño del ámbito hogareño de una …

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Golden Eagle Predation On Endangered San Joaquin Kit Foxes, Brian L. Cypher, Kenneth A. Spencer, Tory L. Westall, Daniel E. Meade Nov 2019

Golden Eagle Predation On Endangered San Joaquin Kit Foxes, Brian L. Cypher, Kenneth A. Spencer, Tory L. Westall, Daniel E. Meade

Western North American Naturalist

Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) have been identified as a potential predator of endangered San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica), but only one case of such predation has been confirmed. In a recent study on San Joaquin kit foxes, we documented 6 cases of putative predation by Golden Eagles on kit foxes and provided our evidence for each. Golden Eagle predation on kit foxes is most likely to occur in the spring when kit foxes and their pups are frequently aboveground during the day. Such predation is more likely to occur around the margins of the …

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Predation Of The Mexican Deer Mouse (Peromyscus Mexicanus) By Long-Tailed Weasel (Mustela Frenata) In Laguna Bélgica Educational Park, Ocozocoautla De Espinosa, Chiapas, O. Iván Martínez Vaca-León, Elizabeth Arellano, Xavier López-Medellín Nov 2019

Predation Of The Mexican Deer Mouse (Peromyscus Mexicanus) By Long-Tailed Weasel (Mustela Frenata) In Laguna Bélgica Educational Park, Ocozocoautla De Espinosa, Chiapas, O. Iván Martínez Vaca-León, Elizabeth Arellano, Xavier López-Medellín

Western North American Naturalist

The long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata) is a generalist predator that feeds mainly on rodents and rab­bits. However, predation on Peromyscus rodents has been reported mostly at the genus level and records are scarce. In April 2018, we made a field trip to Laguna Bélgica Educational Park, Chiapas, to capture, handle, and study mam­malian wildlife species. We set 15 Sherman traps 5 m apart on a 70-m linear transect for one night. One male M. frenata was captured along with a dead Mexican deer mouse (Peromyscus mexicanus) in the same trap. The rodent had incision marks on …

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Dendrochronological Methods To Examine Plant Competition With Changing Fire Regimes In Desert And Forest Ecosystems, Rebecca Irene Lee Nov 2019

Dendrochronological Methods To Examine Plant Competition With Changing Fire Regimes In Desert And Forest Ecosystems, Rebecca Irene Lee

Theses and Dissertations

Human activities are changing wildfire regimes globally through ignition, spread of invasive species, fire suppression, and climate change. Because of this, ecosystems are experiencing novel fire regimes that may alter plant growth and patterns of succession. Annual growth rings are one metric that can track changes in tree and shrub growth patterns over time in response to changing fire frequency. In Chapter 1 we explored the effects of fire on resprouting native shrubs in the Mojave Desert. Fires are becoming increasingly frequent due to the spread of highly flammable invasive grasses in the region. We monitored growth and fruit production …

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Treatment Methods For Major Depressive Disorder: Psychotherapy Vs. Pharmacotherapy, Jeremiah Van Dyke Oct 2019

Treatment Methods For Major Depressive Disorder: Psychotherapy Vs. Pharmacotherapy, Jeremiah Van Dyke

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Mdma-Assisted Psychotherapy For Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Review Of The Literature, Erin M. Solomon Oct 2019

Mdma-Assisted Psychotherapy For Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Review Of The Literature, Erin M. Solomon

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Dimensions Of Symptom Presentation And Scholarly Representation Of Young Females With Fragile X Syndrome, Andrew N. Snell Oct 2019

Dimensions Of Symptom Presentation And Scholarly Representation Of Young Females With Fragile X Syndrome, Andrew N. Snell

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Nature’S Pill: A Spotlight On Lifestyle And Adolescent Anxiety, Daniel Heckathorn Oct 2019

Nature’S Pill: A Spotlight On Lifestyle And Adolescent Anxiety, Daniel Heckathorn

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Expect The Unexpected: A New Ant From A Backyard In Utah, John T. Longino, Douglas B. Booher Oct 2019

Expect The Unexpected: A New Ant From A Backyard In Utah, John T. Longino, Douglas B. Booher

Western North American Naturalist

Urban centers are not where one expects to find new species. Yet, we report here a newly recognized ant, Strumigenys ananeotes sp. nov., in an urban yard in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County, Utah, USA. The genus Strumigenys is a major radiation of litter ants that are found primarily in the wet tropics and subtropics. They are extremely rare in western North America, known only from sites hundreds of kilometers south and west of Salt Lake City. The new species is related to species from southern Arizona and is presumed native. We propose that it is normally restricted to …

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Bifunctional Helical Peptide Catalysts For Enzyme-Like Reactivity And Selectivity And Selective Stapling Of Natural Amino Acid Residues With Hydrophilic Squaric Acid Derivatives, Michael James Kinghorn Oct 2019

Bifunctional Helical Peptide Catalysts For Enzyme-Like Reactivity And Selectivity And Selective Stapling Of Natural Amino Acid Residues With Hydrophilic Squaric Acid Derivatives, Michael James Kinghorn

Theses and Dissertations

Peptide secondary structure provides an exceptional scaffold on which to design highly reactive and selective enzyme-like catalysts. This work describes the rational design and synthesis of a suite of helical peptide catalysts that are capable of achieving proximity-induced rate enhancement in Diels-Alder cycloadditions and indole alkylations. Microwave assisted synthesis of resin-supported polypeptides enables incorporation of non-natural amino acid residues that induce helicity (Aib) or provide functional handles on which organic catalytic residues can be attached. These small peptide catalysts exhibit binding-driven selectivity rather than relying on the inherent reactivity of substrates, which allows access to products that are not obtainable …

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Exploration Of Sputtered Thin Films—E.G., In Sample Preparation And Material Characterization, Tuhin Roychowdhury Oct 2019

Exploration Of Sputtered Thin Films—E.G., In Sample Preparation And Material Characterization, Tuhin Roychowdhury

Theses and Dissertations

My dissertation focuses on (i) the development sputtered films for solid phase microextraction (SPME) and (ii) the comprehensive characterization of materials using a suite of analytical techniques. Chapter 1 reviews the basics of SPME. This chapter also contains (i) a discussion of various sputtering techniques, (ii) a discussion of two techniques I focused on most of my work: spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Chapter 2 focuses the major part of my work, which is to prepare new solid phases/adsorbents for SPME via silicon sputtering followed by thermal deposition of a polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). PDMS was deposited by …

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Activity And Thermal Biology Of Blunt-Nosed Leopard Lizards (Gambelia Sila) In The San Joaquin Desert Of California, David J. Germano Oct 2019

Activity And Thermal Biology Of Blunt-Nosed Leopard Lizards (Gambelia Sila) In The San Joaquin Desert Of California, David J. Germano

Western North American Naturalist

Because lizards are ectotherms, their life-history traits are greatly influenced by variations in thermal regimes. The Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila) is an endangered lizard that dominates the lizard community in the San Joaquin Desert. Because of the protected status of the species, census protocols are in place to ensure that censuses are conducted during optimal times for lizard activity, but the protocols have not been evaluated by a detailed study. Also, because of changing thermal regimes as a result of climate change, there is concern for lizard species worldwide. I studied the activity and thermal biology of …

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Front Matter, Vol. 79 No. 3 Oct 2019

Front Matter, Vol. 79 No. 3

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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End Matter, Vol. 79 No. 3 Oct 2019

End Matter, Vol. 79 No. 3

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Does Time Spent Using Social Media Impact Mental Health?: An Eight Year Longitudinal Study, Sarah M. Coyne, Adam A. Rogers, Jessica D. Zurcher, Laura Stockdale, Mccall Booth Oct 2019

Does Time Spent Using Social Media Impact Mental Health?: An Eight Year Longitudinal Study, Sarah M. Coyne, Adam A. Rogers, Jessica D. Zurcher, Laura Stockdale, Mccall Booth

Faculty Publications

Many studies have found a link between time spent using social media and mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety. However, the existing research is plagued by cross-sectional research and lacks analytic techniques examining individual change over time. The current research involves an 8-year longitudinal study examining the association between time spent using social media and depression and anxiety at the intra-individual level. Participants included 500 adolescents who completed once-yearly questionnaires between the ages of 13 and 20. Results revealed that increased time spent on social media was not associated with increased mental health issues across development when examined …

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Postbreeding Habitat Use By Golden-Cheeked Warblers (Setophaga Chrysoparia), Melanie R. Colón, Mark R. Hutchinson, Ashley M. Long, Gary Voelker, Michael L. Morrison Oct 2019

Postbreeding Habitat Use By Golden-Cheeked Warblers (Setophaga Chrysoparia), Melanie R. Colón, Mark R. Hutchinson, Ashley M. Long, Gary Voelker, Michael L. Morrison

Western North American Naturalist

The period following breeding but prior to migration is an important, though understudied, component of the avian annual life cycle. We quantified habitat use by endangered Golden-cheeked Warblers (Setophaga chrysoparia) during the postbreeding period in Golden-cheeked Warbler breeding habitat (i.e., oak-juniper [Quercus-Juniperus] woodlands) predominated by Texas oak (Quercus buckleyi) or post oak (Q. stellata), as well as in immediately adjacent oak woodland, oak savanna, and riparian vegetation not usually associated with breeding activity for this species. Most (87%) of the Golden-cheeked Warblers we detected were in oak-juniper woodlands, especially in Texas oak …

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Quantification Of Eccentricity In Stems Of Artemisia Tridentata Nutt., Lance S. Evans, Tiffany A. Kharran, Ismael Pena, Stanley G. Kitchen Oct 2019

Quantification Of Eccentricity In Stems Of Artemisia Tridentata Nutt., Lance S. Evans, Tiffany A. Kharran, Ismael Pena, Stanley G. Kitchen

Western North American Naturalist

Previous research has shown that stems of Artemisia tridentata species exhibit extensive lobe formation. Twenty-two stem samples of Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis (ARTRW) and 24 samples of A. t. ssp. tridentata (ARTRT) were investigated to quantify lobe formation characteristics. For samples of both subspecies, lobe formation values were constant for 8.3-cm-diameter stems. For the above samples, ARTRW had 14 xylem rings, while ARTRT had only 5 rings. Three stem samples (33 to 50 cm long) of ARTRW were cut into a series of 8-mm segments. For the 3 stems, the smallest ends had 8 xylem rings (10 mm2 …

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The Element-Based Method Of Civilization Study, Andrew Targowski Oct 2019

The Element-Based Method Of Civilization Study, Andrew Targowski

Comparative Civilizations Review

The purpose: to define the element-based method of studying civilization with a meaningful contribution to contemporary life. The methodology: the transdisciplinary, big-picture view of human development on Earth based on graphic modeling of civilizational elements, their relations, and dynamics. The findings: about 200+ civilizational elements have been recognized within about 500 possible elements of society, culture, and infrastructure. Practical implications: today, civilization infrastructure challenges society and culture, which can lead to the fall of the Homo sapiens race and the rise of a human-machine race. Moreover, one of the options will be the rise of designer babies and the dichotomy …

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A Physics For Civilization, Arthus S. Iberall Oct 2019

A Physics For Civilization, Arthus S. Iberall

Comparative Civilizations Review

A highly accomplished polymath, Arthur Iberall (1918-2002) served as an executive board member of the ISCSC as well as a long-time member and a distinguished participant in the ISCSC annual meetings. He was an expert on complex systems thinking.

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Using Science To Answer Questions From Latter-Day Saint History, Ugo A. Perego Oct 2019

Using Science To Answer Questions From Latter-Day Saint History, Ugo A. Perego

BYU Studies

DNA testing has been employed to study the ancestry and posterity of Joseph Smith Jr., founder of the Mormon movement. Thanks to information found on the paternally inherited Y chromosome, for example, researchers have been able to establish a likely Irish origin for the Smith line. Y chromosome testing has also been helpful in resolving a number of paternity cases involving men who were allegedly sons of Joseph through polygamous unions. To date, all of the tests for these candidates have borne negative results.

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Gene Flow And Habitat Connectivity In A Native Rattlesnake Population On The Snake River Plain, Susan B. Parsons, Charles R. Peterson,, Christopher L. Jenkins, Marjorie D. Matocq Sep 2019

Gene Flow And Habitat Connectivity In A Native Rattlesnake Population On The Snake River Plain, Susan B. Parsons, Charles R. Peterson,, Christopher L. Jenkins, Marjorie D. Matocq

Western North American Naturalist

Sagebrush-steppe ecosystems are among the most threatened terrestrial ecosystems in North America, but the plants and animals living on the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), a federally protected research facility located in the sagebrush steppe of southeastern Idaho, do not suffer from many of the deleterious effects of habitat conversion and fragmentation that characterize more typical western landscapes. This research describes basic patterns of gene flow among a group of relatively undisturbed Great Basin rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus lutosus) hibernacula on the INL. Six polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci were used to genotype 200 individuals from 10 hibernacula located at spatial …

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Abundance And Density Of A Columbian Black-Tailed Deer Population On An Urban Island, Robert P. Wingard, Paul R. Krausman, Ruth Milner Sep 2019

Abundance And Density Of A Columbian Black-Tailed Deer Population On An Urban Island, Robert P. Wingard, Paul R. Krausman, Ruth Milner

Western North American Naturalist

Methods to estimate abundance and density of Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) are limited. Regional wildlife managers are concerned that Columbian black-tailed deer on Whidbey Island, Washington, USA, exceed carrying capacity. Research on small islands in the Pacific Northwest reports high deer densities; however, these islands are smaller and less complex than Whidbey Island, and have fewer mortality sources. Our objective was to estimate the abundance and density of Columbian black-tailed deer on Whidbey Island by using road-based spotlight surveys in a distance sampling framework. We conducted spotlight surveys from 12 January 2015 to 23 January 2015 …

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First Description Of A Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) Attempting Depredation On An Adult Whooping Crane (Grus Americana) Of The Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population, Matthew R. Rabbe, Andrew J. Caven, Joshua D. Wiese Sep 2019

First Description Of A Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) Attempting Depredation On An Adult Whooping Crane (Grus Americana) Of The Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population, Matthew R. Rabbe, Andrew J. Caven, Joshua D. Wiese

Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist

Twice annually, the last remaining wild and self-sustaining migratory population of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) migrates through central Nebraska on its approximately 3900-km journey between Aransas National Wildlife Refuge on the Gulf Coast of Texas and Wood Buffalo National Park in Alberta, Canada. On 27 March 2018, a juvenile Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) was observed attacking a Whooping Crane on the Loup River near Rockville, Nebraska. The encounter, documented by a private landowner, was forwarded to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as part of the decades-long citizen-science effort undertaken to track and record public sightings …

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Raising Pups Of Urban San Joaquin Kit Fox: Relative Roles Of Adult Group Members, Tory L. Westall, Brian L. Cypher, Katherine Ralls, David J. Germano Sep 2019

Raising Pups Of Urban San Joaquin Kit Fox: Relative Roles Of Adult Group Members, Tory L. Westall, Brian L. Cypher, Katherine Ralls, David J. Germano

Western North American Naturalist

Maternal care of young is the norm in mammals because of internal gestation and lactation by females. Care by adults other than the mother is rare in most mammals but is common in primates, rodents, and carnivores. We studied parental care in an urban population of the San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica), a small canid endemic to the San Joaquin Desert in California. Kit fox family groups typically consist of a mated pair, the young-of-the-year, and occasionally older offspring from previous years known as helpers. The relative contributions of the parents and helpers to the rearing …

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Histological Findings In Wild Rodents Of The Great Basin, Andrew W. Bartlow Sep 2019

Histological Findings In Wild Rodents Of The Great Basin, Andrew W. Bartlow

Western North American Naturalist

In the western United States, significant environmental change is expected through the combined effects of climate change, tree mortality, drought, and invasive species. Wild animals can be used as indicators of threats to populations and even entire communities by looking for histopathological changes in their tissues. This method may identify threats to wild populations quickly and more accurately than waiting to observe population declines; however, baseline data are needed for comparisons. Here, rodents are surveyed at 5 sites in the Great Basin to record histopathological changes. Additionally, one site is next to a copper mine that was in operation for …

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