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Modelling Urban Land Use Change Using Geographically Weighted Regression And The Implications For Sustainable Environmental Planning, Noresah Mohd Shariff, Sanjay Gairola, Anita Talib Jul 2010

Modelling Urban Land Use Change Using Geographically Weighted Regression And The Implications For Sustainable Environmental Planning, Noresah Mohd Shariff, Sanjay Gairola, Anita Talib

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

In this study we applied Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) approach to model urban landuse changes in Penang Island from 1990 to 2005, covering the period during which the Island has experiencedtremendous urban growth due to in migration from adjacent areas. Land use change has potential impacts on thephysical and social environment. We identified spatial variables describing environment, physical and socioeconomicfactors which are hypothesized to influence the change in the land use in the study area. An ordinaryleast squares regression (OLS) model is applied to the variables followed by a GWR model and the results arecompared. The results show that the …

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Formalizing Knowledge On International Environmental Regimes For Integrated Assessment Modeling, M. De Vos, P. Janssen, S. Frantzi, P. Pattberg, A. Petersen, F. Biermann, M. Kok Jul 2010

Formalizing Knowledge On International Environmental Regimes For Integrated Assessment Modeling, M. De Vos, P. Janssen, S. Frantzi, P. Pattberg, A. Petersen, F. Biermann, M. Kok

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

International environmental regimes are considered key factors in dealing with global environmental problems. It is important to understand if and how these regimes are effective in solving or improving global environmental problems. In this paper we present a multidisciplinary approach to formalize knowledge on the effectiveness of environmental regimes. We constructed a conceptual framework to enhance systematic analysis of conditions that influence regime effectiveness and implemented this into a computer model using fuzzy logic reasoning. We applied the model in a preliminary analysis of two environmental regimes, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate …

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Modelling Needs Assessment For Social Adaptation To Climate Change In Siberia, G. A. Alexandrov, G. Inoue, T. Matsunaga Jul 2010

Modelling Needs Assessment For Social Adaptation To Climate Change In Siberia, G. A. Alexandrov, G. Inoue, T. Matsunaga

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Despite the common expectation that climate change may make Siberia a warm heaven, this would not be good for local people. Surprisingly the people of Siberia do rely on the winter cold. Warming may be a serious challenge here. Climate change threatens Siberian forests, lakes and permafrost. In the region where landscapes are unstable this implies the risks of losing the traditional means of subsistence, at least for a while. Social adaptation to climate change is becoming an urgent issue, as the first signs of warming are becoming noticeable to local people. This article reports an attempt to explore the …

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Agent Based Modelling Of Caribou Environmental Interactions In The Canadian Arctic, Glen Lesins, Kaz Higuchi Jul 2010

Agent Based Modelling Of Caribou Environmental Interactions In The Canadian Arctic, Glen Lesins, Kaz Higuchi

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Agent or individual based modelling (IBM) is recognized as an important tool in biological modelling for simulating animal behaviour and interactions with the environment at the level of the individual while maintaining a collective perspective. The method allows rules to be programmed for the interactions between like and unlike species, responses to geographic factors and impacts from human activities. By emphasizing the development of appropriate rules for the individual, one can avoid imposing ad hoc assumptions concerning the population as a whole and instead allow emergent phenomena to unfold at the larger scale. Here we report on preliminary results using …

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A Scientific Workflow Tool For Biosphere Modelling: Carbon Sink Archives, G. A. Alexandrov, T. Matsunaga Jul 2010

A Scientific Workflow Tool For Biosphere Modelling: Carbon Sink Archives, G. A. Alexandrov, T. Matsunaga

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Scientific workflows in the field of biosphere modelling include assessment of the state of the art in modelling global biogeochemical cycles. The process of assessment consists of the following steps: collecting model outputs, performing model inter-comparison study, writing summary for policymakers, formulating an agenda for further research. Here, we present a web-based service that automates the entire process.

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Sediment Flux Through The Rio Grande River: A Monsoonal Effect, Troy C. Hiatt Jun 2010

Sediment Flux Through The Rio Grande River: A Monsoonal Effect, Troy C. Hiatt

Theses and Dissertations

Climate has historically been recognized as an influence on sediment flux and deposition. The North American Monsoon is suggested as the forcing mechanism of deltaic progradational events of the Rio Grande River delta. Interpretations of reflection seismic profiles reveal that eustatic rise in sea-level from the Last Glacial Maximum to present is accompanied by several regressional events of the Rio Grande delta 5.5, 9.5, and 11.5 ka BP. Much of the migration of depositional facies within a delta system is forced by hinterland tectonics and base-level rise and fall. However, we suggest that the movement of facies within the Rio …

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The Natural History Of The U.C. Santa Cruz Campus By Tonya M. Haff, Martha T. Brown, And W. Breck Tyler, R. Edward Grumbine Apr 2010

The Natural History Of The U.C. Santa Cruz Campus By Tonya M. Haff, Martha T. Brown, And W. Breck Tyler, R. Edward Grumbine

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Mycorrhization Of Ponderosa Pine In A Second-Growth Sierra Nevada Forest, R. F. Walker, W. Cheng, D. W. Johnson Apr 2010

Mycorrhization Of Ponderosa Pine In A Second-Growth Sierra Nevada Forest, R. F. Walker, W. Cheng, D. W. Johnson

Western North American Naturalist

Ectomycorrhizal colonization and rooting characteristics were quantified in a mature ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) stand in the western Sierra Nevada. Root length totaled 3835.9 m · m−2 of forest floor surface area, with 96% consisting of the fine-root fraction. Total root dry weight and volume were 2230.4 g · m−2 and 5807.4 cm3 · m−2 of forest floor area, respectively, with 69% of the former and 75% of the latter accounted for by the coarse fraction. Fine roots were most prevalent in the upper 15 cm of the mineral soil profile, and …

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Groundwater Flow Model And Particle Track Analysis For Selecting Water Quality Monitoring Well Sites, And Soil Sampling Profiles Jan 2010

Groundwater Flow Model And Particle Track Analysis For Selecting Water Quality Monitoring Well Sites, And Soil Sampling Profiles

Journal of Spatial Hydrology

Researchers often use only surface drainage (imperical method) as a tradition to locate sites for installation of water quality monitoring wells, and soil sampling profile for pollution studies in urban areas. They neglect that structural development may have altered the natural surface drainage. This paper demonstrates an advanced method; combining surface imperical method with a three-dimensional groundwater flow model and particle track analysis. This was performed using transient MODFLOW and MODPATH codes, as a first step in a pollution study of Owerri urban areas. Result was more reliable, showing diverging flows at Orji and Nekede auto-mechanic villages (MVs) due to …

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Practical Use Of Srtm Digital Elevation Dataset In The Urban-Watershed Modeling Jan 2010

Practical Use Of Srtm Digital Elevation Dataset In The Urban-Watershed Modeling

Journal of Spatial Hydrology

The advent of satellite-based elevation dataset acquired by Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) made new and novel techniques possible to model hydrological process in midsize to large scale watersheds. This application is important in regions with poor photogrammetric coverage and land use in appropriate scale. Watersheds are natural integrators of hydrological processes and as such require an integrated approach in data analysis and modeling. The first task is to delineate watershed boundaries accurately using terrain dataset. This research assessed the effectiveness of satellite base Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with photogrammetric base DEM in the Upper Klang watershed which is a …

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Avian Use Of Harvested Crop Fields In North Dakota During Spring Migration, Alegra M. Galle, George M. Linz, H. Jeffrey Homan, William J. Bleier Dec 2009

Avian Use Of Harvested Crop Fields In North Dakota During Spring Migration, Alegra M. Galle, George M. Linz, H. Jeffrey Homan, William J. Bleier

Western North American Naturalist

Broad-spectrum herbicide applications and improved harvesting efficiency of crops have reduced the availability of weed seeds and waste grains for game and nongame wildlife. Over the last decade, corn and soybean plantings have steadily increased in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North Dakota, while sunflower plantings have declined. The PPR is an important corridor for migratory birds, and changes in food availabilities at stopover habitats may affect how food resources are used. In early spring 2003 and 2004, we compared bird use of harvested fields of sunflower, soybeans, small grains, and corn in the PPR of North Dakota. Across …

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Purpose Driven Progress: Korean Studies Librarianship In North America, 1990-2009, Joy Kim Oct 2009

Purpose Driven Progress: Korean Studies Librarianship In North America, 1990-2009, Joy Kim

Journal of East Asian Libraries

No abstract provided.

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Phytogeography And Floristics Of Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands In Northern Arizona, Kyle Christie Jul 2009

Phytogeography And Floristics Of Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands In Northern Arizona, Kyle Christie

Western North American Naturalist

This study assesses the floristic diversity and affinities of pinyon-juniper (PJ) woodlands in northern Arizona at 2 different scales: regionally within the context of North American floristic patterns and locally within the 2500-m elevation gradient of the San Francisco Volcanic Field (SFVF). An analysis based upon 245 North American floras indicates that the PJ woodlands of the SFVF share strong affinities with the adjacent Colorado Plateau and Apachian floristic elements but also show high floristic similarity to the Great Plains. Data suggest that mid-elevation woodlands of the Colorado Plateau share floristic affinities with the Great Plains that are as strong …

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Captures Of Crawford's Gray Shrews (Notiosorex Crawfordi) Along The Rio Grande In Central New Mexico, Alice Chung-Maccoubrey, Heather L. Bateman, Deborah M. Finch Jul 2009

Captures Of Crawford's Gray Shrews (Notiosorex Crawfordi) Along The Rio Grande In Central New Mexico, Alice Chung-Maccoubrey, Heather L. Bateman, Deborah M. Finch

Western North American Naturalist

We captured >2000 Crawford's gray shrews (Notiosorex crawfordi) in a riparian forest mainly consisting of cottonwoods (Populus deltoides) along the Rio Grande in central New Mexico. Little has been published about abundance and habitat of Crawford's gray shrew throughout its distributional range. During 7 summers, we captured shrews in pitfall traps at 13 study sites in Bernalillo, Valencia, and Socorro counties. Capture rates of shrews were greatest in August and September, and we did not detect a response of shrews to restoration treatments that removed nonnative plants from riparian forests. Results from our study indicate that …

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The Gentle Subversive: Rachel Carson And The Rise Of The Environmental Movement By Mark H. Lytle, John D. Rothlisberger Apr 2009

The Gentle Subversive: Rachel Carson And The Rise Of The Environmental Movement By Mark H. Lytle, John D. Rothlisberger

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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A Comparison Of Two Common Classification Procedures For Economical Urban Land Cover Mapping Using Naip Imagery, Kent Lowell Simons Mar 2009

A Comparison Of Two Common Classification Procedures For Economical Urban Land Cover Mapping Using Naip Imagery, Kent Lowell Simons

Theses and Dissertations

Detailed urban land cover maps are increasingly useful and important applications of remote sensing. Municipal agencies and others use land cover maps and data for numerous critical local planning and monitoring functions and for urban geographical research studies. Because of this, there is a demand for accurate urban land cover maps that can be produced quickly and economically. The availability of very high resolution multispectral imagery is an important factor in enabling such production, as the judicious selection of source imagery has a large impact on the resulting map products. Likewise, the implementation of appropriate digital image processing methods is …

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Giuh Based Transfer Function For Gomti River Basin Of India Jan 2009

Giuh Based Transfer Function For Gomti River Basin Of India

Journal of Spatial Hydrology

Geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) can be used as a transfer function for modeling the transformation of excess rainfall into surface runoff, in which excess rainfall is an excitation (i.e. production function) to the hydrologic system. These models can be used to predict / forecast the temporal variation of the surface runoff at the outlet of ungauged basin, which is useful in the hydrologic / environmental engineering applications. The present study deals with the geomorphometric investigation and provides an efficient solution approach to derive the GIUH based transfer function and thus geomorphologic unit hydrograph (GUH) for the basin. Since, Gomti …

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Using Soap To Develop Software For Air Trajectory Calculation, J. Zeng, T. Matsunaga, Hitoshi Mukai Jul 2008

Using Soap To Develop Software For Air Trajectory Calculation, J. Zeng, T. Matsunaga, Hitoshi Mukai

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

We developed a program with Simple Object Access Protocol and constructed a data server system to deliver meteorological data from the server to clients of the program for air trajectory calculation. Our practice shows that with proper design, the performance of running the program with client-server configuration is well acceptable comparing with a program of traditional design. The request-for-data-on-demand approach helps to reduce the burden of maintaining huge amount of data in local machine by end-user and provides a more transparent way to calculate air trajectories.

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Statistical Analysis Of Spatial Plant Patterns Under The Effect Of Forest Use, I. López, T. Standovár, J. Garay, Z. Varga, M. Gámez Jul 2008

Statistical Analysis Of Spatial Plant Patterns Under The Effect Of Forest Use, I. López, T. Standovár, J. Garay, Z. Varga, M. Gámez

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The analysis of the consequences of land use (in particular forest use) may beconsidered as a partial step towards an integrated modelling of a land system. Let usconsider a forest territory, where a gap-cut is made, and after a given time period theeventual change in the spatial distribution of undergrowth plants and tree seedlings is to bedetected (see Mihók et al., 2005 and Gálhidy et al., 2006). If floristic data are collectedalong a line transect, we can try to detect the change in the plant distributions along thetransect, the so-called change-point, and see whether this occurs at the geometric frontierof …

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The Impact Of Geometrical Effects On Calculated Value Of Albedo On The Heterogeneous Environmental Interfaces, D. Kapor, A. M. Cirisan, Dragutin T. Mihailović Jul 2008

The Impact Of Geometrical Effects On Calculated Value Of Albedo On The Heterogeneous Environmental Interfaces, D. Kapor, A. M. Cirisan, Dragutin T. Mihailović

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The albedo of the interface is an important parameter for the calculation of the radiation fluxes in environmental studies. The problem arises when the surface is a heterogenous one. There have been developed various manners to calculate the aggregated albedo. Our previous research has indicated, however, existence of a geometrical effect related to the fact that different parts of the interface may have different heights. In these studies we have offered the general approach to the calculation of the flux that is lost due to the absorption on the vertical lateral boundaries. We derived analytically the expressions for this loss …

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Evaluating Consistency Of Biosphere Models: Software Tools For A Web-Based Service, G. A. Alexandrov, T. Matsunaga Jul 2008

Evaluating Consistency Of Biosphere Models: Software Tools For A Web-Based Service, G. A. Alexandrov, T. Matsunaga

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

A biosphere model is a geographical extension of an ecosystem model, and so modelling ecosystems at global scale we are facing the same problem as at the local scale -- structural uncertainty. The structural uncertainty includes competing conceptual frameworks, lack of agreement on model structure, ambiguous definitions of system boundaries, inadequate description of significant processes. The typical approach to this problem is assessing the maturity of the underlying science through retrospection of modelling efforts. This displays either consensus building or paradigm shift. In this paper we present a general scheme and software tools for performing such analysis, discuss how this …

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Reclaiming Garbage: Interaction Design For Participation, Marijke Rijsberman Jul 2008

Reclaiming Garbage: Interaction Design For Participation, Marijke Rijsberman

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Since the introduction of organized sanitation practices in the West, local governments and waste management business in the private sector have essentially adhered to an out-of-sight, out-of-mind approach to residential garbage, by which, for a modest fee, individuals are relieved from responsibility for their own waste and from awareness of its impact on the planet. Together with the systematic deferral of the environmental costs of current activities, this out-of-sight, out-of-mind approach has fostered individual behaviors that exert a great deal of pressure on the environment. Current environmental challenges and rising environmental concern now dictate a greater awareness of the impacts …

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Spatially Distributed Identification Of Debris Flow Source Areas By Credal Networks, A. Salvetti, A. Antonucci, M. Zaffalon Jul 2008

Spatially Distributed Identification Of Debris Flow Source Areas By Credal Networks, A. Salvetti, A. Antonucci, M. Zaffalon

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Debris flows represent a very destructive natural hazard, affecting buildings, transport infrastructures, and, very often, causing human losses in mountain regions. That makes the identification of potential source areas of debris flows inside a watershed particularly important. In this paper we present a general identification procedure based on the credal network (that is an imprecise probabilistic graphical model generalizing Bayesian networks) originally introduced by Antonucci et al. [2004]. That model is significantly improved by a more refined description of the meteorological and hydrological processes contributing to the debris flow initiation. As a counterpart of such improvement, the model pays a …

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Spatial Information System For Risk Assessment Of Dust Transport In The Neighbourhood Of The Surface Coal Mine, L. Matejicek, Z. Janour Jul 2008

Spatial Information System For Risk Assessment Of Dust Transport In The Neighbourhood Of The Surface Coal Mine, L. Matejicek, Z. Janour

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Risk assessment of dust transport from surface coal mines over neighbouring residential zones requires more complex modelling tools in order to analyse satellite images, to attach high resolution aerial images, to create more precise digital terrain models, to integrate time series of meteorological variables, to realize linkage between the spatial database and numerical simulation tools, to provide spatial analysis, and to visualize the results. Thus, a spatial information system based on GIS technology is used for data management, advanced spatial analysis and numerical simulation linked by shared data files. At first, a digital terrain model is created by processing data …

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The Use Of Third Generation Air Quality Modeling Systems For Web Operational Real-Time Forecasting Decision Support Systems: Spain Case, R. San José, J. L. Pérez, J. L. Morant, F. Prieto, R. M. González Jul 2008

The Use Of Third Generation Air Quality Modeling Systems For Web Operational Real-Time Forecasting Decision Support Systems: Spain Case, R. San José, J. L. Pérez, J. L. Morant, F. Prieto, R. M. González

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

New generation of electric power plants and industrial plants are important emission sources generally surrounding large, medium and small cities. Future tendencies on energy production envision that the growing demand of electricity will push forward the need to construct more electric power plants with different combustion material. In Spain, the growing electric energy demand has conducted to a growing market on natural gas combined cycle electric power plants. The air quality impact of such a plant is considerable smaller than the old ones but the modern EU Air Quality legislation is starting to obligate to control the air quality impact …

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Integration Of Environmental Models Based On Fluid Mechanics In Gis, L. Matejicek, Z. Janour, L. Benes Jul 2008

Integration Of Environmental Models Based On Fluid Mechanics In Gis, L. Matejicek, Z. Janour, L. Benes

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

An exploration of dust dispersion over the surface of coal mines requires morecomplex modelling tools in order to estimate dust emission and dust transport. Thus, spatialdata and data originating from a numerical simulation are integrated into a GISenvironment. The Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flowswith turbulent algebraic extensions are used for dispersion modelling of the wind flows anddust transport. In addition to spatial data management, the GIS is used for the creation of adigital terrain model originating from surface laser scanning, GPS measurements, ageodetic survey and existing data sources. This more precise mapping of the surface isrequired in order …

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Observations On Body Mass Of Prairie Dogs In Urban Habitat, Seth B. Magle Mar 2008

Observations On Body Mass Of Prairie Dogs In Urban Habitat, Seth B. Magle

Western North American Naturalist

The black-tailed prairie dog is an important component of prairie and steppe ecosystems. Currently many prairie dog colonies are fragmented by, or adjacent to, urban development, but little is known about what effects urbanization may have on these animals. I compare body weights and sex ratios of prairie dogs in isolated urban habitat in Denver, Colorado, to published data for black-tailed prairie dogs at the same time of year. Prairie dogs in this study had summer weights similar to those reported in the literature, although males apparently gained weight earlier in the year, and observed sex ratios were not significantly …

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An Overview And Tutorial Of The Repertory Grid Technique In Information Systems Research, Aaron Mosiah Curtis, Taylor Michael Wells, Paul Benjamin Lowry, Trevor Higbee Jan 2008

An Overview And Tutorial Of The Repertory Grid Technique In Information Systems Research, Aaron Mosiah Curtis, Taylor Michael Wells, Paul Benjamin Lowry, Trevor Higbee

Faculty Publications

Interest in the repertory grid technique has been growing in the IS field. This article seeks to inform the reader on the proper use and application of the technique in IS research. The methodology has unique advantages that make it suitable for many research settings. In this tutorial, we describe the technique, its theoretical underpinnings, and how it may be used by IS researchers. We conclude by detailing many IS research opportunities that exist in respect to the repertory grid technique.

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Microfluidic Electro-Osmotic Flow Pumps, John Mason Edwards Nov 2007

Microfluidic Electro-Osmotic Flow Pumps, John Mason Edwards

Theses and Dissertations

The need for miniaturized, portable devices to separate and detect unknown compounds has greatly multiplied, leading to an increased interest in microfluidics. Total integration of the detector and pump are necessary to decrease the overall size of the microfluidic device. Using previously developed thin film technologies, an electroosmotic flow (EOF) pump was incorporated in a microfluidic liquid chromatography device. An EOF pump was chosen because of its simple design and small size. EOF pumps fabricated on silicon and glass substrates were evaluated. The experimental flow rates were 0.19-2.30 microliters/minute for 40-400 V. The theoretical pump efficiency was calculated along with …

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Korean Collections Consortium Of North America: Ten Years And After, Hyokyoung Yi Jun 2007

Korean Collections Consortium Of North America: Ten Years And After, Hyokyoung Yi

Journal of East Asian Libraries

No abstract provided.

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