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Different Developmental Outcomes Following Lab Rearing By Biological Or Adoptive Mothers: Maternal Influence On Behavioral And Physiological Responses To Separation Stress In Rhesus Macaques (Macacamulatta), Andrea Sorenson, Dr. James D. Higley Aug 2013

Different Developmental Outcomes Following Lab Rearing By Biological Or Adoptive Mothers: Maternal Influence On Behavioral And Physiological Responses To Separation Stress In Rhesus Macaques (Macacamulatta), Andrea Sorenson, Dr. James D. Higley

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Initially this project was looking at the effects that multiple short term separations of a mother rhesus macaque from their infant would have on their relationship. More specifically, looking at adoption pairs (an infant raised by a non biological mother) to see if the relationship between the mother and the infant changed differently than the relationship of a mother and their biological infant. The focus of this analysis was looking at the mother/infant pair’s cortisol levels, which are a measure of the body’s physiological response to stress. The hope was to determine whether mother infant pairs with similar cortisol levels, …

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Different Developmental Outcomes Following Lab Rearing By Biological Or Adoptive Mothers: Maternal Influence On Behavioral And Physiological Responses To Separation Stress In Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta), Whitney Maxwell, Dr. Dee Higley Aug 2013

Different Developmental Outcomes Following Lab Rearing By Biological Or Adoptive Mothers: Maternal Influence On Behavioral And Physiological Responses To Separation Stress In Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta), Whitney Maxwell, Dr. Dee Higley

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Under stressful conditions the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis increases in both humans and animals leading to an increase in production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Maternal separation in nonhuman primates during infancy elicits behaviors characteristic of anxiety, such as withdrawal and nervous behavior and a substantial increase in ACTH (Higley and Linnoila 1997; Barr, Newman et al. 2004). Individual differences in anxiety in turn influence ACTH output, similar to what is seen in human children (Gunnar and Quevedo 2007). Infants response to separation physiologically and behaviorally is substantial and represents a significant stressor in the life of a young …

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Molecular Identification Of Nematode Gut Contents, Quinn Martin, Dr. Byron Adams Aug 2013

Molecular Identification Of Nematode Gut Contents, Quinn Martin, Dr. Byron Adams

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Species-specific food web relationships involving free-living microbivorous nematodes are not well established, yet critical to our understanding of their involvement in nutrient cycling and ecosystem function. Antarctic soil ecosystems are the simplest on earth and serve as a model system for exploring the role of biodiversity in ecosystem function. To establish which bacteria are involved in trophic relationships with nematodes, we surface-sterilized nematodes and extracted their DNA, including bacterial DNA from the gut contents of the nematodes. From this bacterial DNA we PCR amplified the 16S gene and sequenced the product in order to determine the identity of the gut …

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A Survey Of Dance Flies (Diptera: Empididae) In Mongolia, Paul Frandsen, Dr. C. Riley Nelson Aug 2013

A Survey Of Dance Flies (Diptera: Empididae) In Mongolia, Paul Frandsen, Dr. C. Riley Nelson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Dance flies from the super family Empidoidea (Diptera:Empididae, Hybotidae) were collected from western Mongolia in June and July 2009. Historical published records of Empididae in Mongolia along with unpublished, more recently collected records from the Selenge River Basin were compared with the samples from western Mongolia. Thirteen genera were identified from western Mongolia in 2009, with eight of these new for the country. Although 23 genera are now know for Empedoidea in Mongolia, only five were found in both the Selenge River and the 2009 collection from western Mongolia, suggesting distinct differences in faunal composition between the two areas.

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Margaret Cavendish’S Introductory Epistles As Essayistic Guidelines, Lina Maria Ferreira Cabeza-Vanegas, Dr. Brandi Siegfried Aug 2013

Margaret Cavendish’S Introductory Epistles As Essayistic Guidelines, Lina Maria Ferreira Cabeza-Vanegas, Dr. Brandi Siegfried

Journal of Undergraduate Research

When I began my project I intended to conjoin Theodor W. Adorno’s and Györg Lukács’ definitions of the essa—as stated in “The Essay as Form” and “Soul and Form,” respectively—with Susan M. Fitzmaurice’s definition of the epistolary genre to determine if definite essayistic elements found in other forms—specifically Margaret Cavendish’s work—of writing transformed, expanded, redefined, or negated the current conception of the, so called, fourth genre. I assumed that this isolation of “pure essayistic elements” would contribute toward stricter genre boundaries built on a more objective theoretical mesh work through which other pieces of writing could be more easily classified …

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Cultural Preservation And Modern Development In The Amazon, Eric W. Linton Aug 2013

Cultural Preservation And Modern Development In The Amazon, Eric W. Linton

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In the summer of 2009 indigenous groups in the Peruvian Amazon headed a major grassroots movement against the national government in an effort to protect their lands and lifestyles. The protests brought due international attention to issues of human rights and land ownership that had previously been a local matter. Several months previous to the movement a colleague and I ventured to the Putumayo region of the Peruvian Amazon in an effort to understand the issues being faced by the people of those regions. Specifically, we aimed to understand the importance of self determined rights as a means to preserve …

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Samoa Stories Of Faith, Thomas Powell, Dr. Jeremy Grimshaw Aug 2013

Samoa Stories Of Faith, Thomas Powell, Dr. Jeremy Grimshaw

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The Samoan Islands are home to a rich and fascinating history and culture which is slowly disappearing as other world influences continue to have an impact on them. As members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, it is our responsibility to seek to preserve our heritage, both for our own enlightenment and for the benefit of future generations. Having served my mission in Samoa I have been able to experience firsthand the wonder and beauty of their culture and also to see the many changes it is undergoing.

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Breaking Down Iron Walls: The Use Of Applied Theatre In Romanian Schools, Miriam Rasmussen, Julia Ashworth Aug 2013

Breaking Down Iron Walls: The Use Of Applied Theatre In Romanian Schools, Miriam Rasmussen, Julia Ashworth

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Through many studies and programs it has been discovered that a lack of self-worth is one of the main contributing factors to poor morale and work ethic in Romania. It has been found, that, for the majority of the country, poor expectations have led to poor performance in the workplace, hostile environments within communities and a mass migration to other countries within the European Union (Heintz 178). Under that same umbrella of lack of self-worth, there is also a special category of need found in Romanian children who have been placed in orphanages. While research has been done to recognize/identify …

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The Effects Of Prenatal Stress On The Levels Of 5 Alpha Reductase And Aromatase Activity In Pregnant Rats And Their Male And Female Offspring, Steve Warren David, Dr. Reuben Ward Rhees Aug 2013

The Effects Of Prenatal Stress On The Levels Of 5 Alpha Reductase And Aromatase Activity In Pregnant Rats And Their Male And Female Offspring, Steve Warren David, Dr. Reuben Ward Rhees

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Sexual differentiation of the brain is dependent on the presence or absence of androgen (testosterone) during prenatal development. Exposure to testosterone is essential for masculinization and defeminization of sexual behavior, and brain structural development. Present evidence suggests that the action of testosterone during brain development involves the metabolic conversion of testosterone in one of two ways. Testosterone is either converted to estradiol by the enzyme aromatase or to dihydrotestosterone by the enzyme 5 alpha reductase. Testosterone and these two metabolites interact to regulate sexual differentiation of the brain. This project monitored the activity of both aromatase and 5 alpha reductase …

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High-Speed, Three-Dimensional Quantification Of Ladybug (Hippodamia Convergens) Flapping Wing Kinematics During Takeoff, Ryan B. George, Dr. Scott L. Thomson Aug 2013

High-Speed, Three-Dimensional Quantification Of Ladybug (Hippodamia Convergens) Flapping Wing Kinematics During Takeoff, Ryan B. George, Dr. Scott L. Thomson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Ladybug wing and body kinematics during takeoff is explored using high-speed stereoscopic imaging. Recordings of the specimens during flight are acquired at a rate of 3000 frames per second. A direct linear transformation algorithm is performed using custom implementation in Matlab to quantify positions of selected locations on the body, forewings (elytra), and hindwings. Design and setup of instrumentation and analysis procedures are explained. Flapping frequency is reported. Significant motion of the elytra and other findings are presented and their applications are discussed.

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Roak-Aradun And Other Stories, Michael Mercer, Kelly Loosli Aug 2013

Roak-Aradun And Other Stories, Michael Mercer, Kelly Loosli

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Brigham Young University’s Animation program is well on its way to becoming legendary. With the combined heroism of the faculty, the students, the administration, and others, there has risen a collegiate experience that rivals that of private art institutions. Yet no university program has room enough for all the knowledge and skills needed for specialty occupations, and so perhaps the greatest success of any education is the transmission of the skills and desire to learn and discover. This has most assuredly been the case with the Animation program. My goal with this research and production project was to obtain for …

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Analysis Of A Compliant Centrifugal Clutch Using Computeraided Engineering Tools, James D. Baker, Dr. Larry L. Howell Aug 2013

Analysis Of A Compliant Centrifugal Clutch Using Computeraided Engineering Tools, James D. Baker, Dr. Larry L. Howell

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Contemporary engineering has received the benefits of computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools that automate and simplify the design of mechanical systems. However, such tools do not provide direct support for the specific field of compliant mechanisms, whose behavior can require difficult techniques for design and synthesis. Compliant mechanisms utilize flexible segments instead of joints, to achieve their motion. It was proposed that two CAE tools, namely Pro/ENGINEER and ADAMS/View, along with a method for analyzing compliant mechanisms known as the pseudo-rigid-body model, could greatly reduce the time and effort required to generate accurate results in the analysis of a compliant centrifugal …

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Unleashing The Potential Of Film, Allan R. Staker, Stanley Ferguson Aug 2013

Unleashing The Potential Of Film, Allan R. Staker, Stanley Ferguson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

When I applied for the ORCA Grant last year, I wanted to distribute a film project outside the boundaries of BYU and the University’s “FINAL CUT Student Film Festival.” In order to do so, I began to adapt the ideas pre-selling feature films to major studios that Professor John Lee taught in “TMA 389: Producer’s Practicum” to my own hypothetical process of selling a documentary series to a national cable network.

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Thomas Hardy, Christian Bryner, John Bennion Aug 2013

Thomas Hardy, Christian Bryner, John Bennion

Journal of Undergraduate Research

For Professor Bennion’s Thomas Hardy project, I used my alloted 80 hours to research cultural and geographical information from five different novels: Jude the Obscure, The Return of the Native, The Mayor of Casterville, Tess of the d’Urbervilles, and Under the Greenwood Tree. With each of the novels, I jotted down the page number of any reference to geographical locations, place names, descriptions of local history, references to local customs, songs, buildings, furniture, local plant and animal life, and clothing.

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Short-Term Effects Of Dietary Phytoestrogens On Calbindin, Calretinin, And Cox-2 In Specific Brain Sites Of Male Rats, Melanie A. Watson, Dr. Edwin D. Lephart Aug 2013

Short-Term Effects Of Dietary Phytoestrogens On Calbindin, Calretinin, And Cox-2 In Specific Brain Sites Of Male Rats, Melanie A. Watson, Dr. Edwin D. Lephart

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Cyclooxygenase, a bifunctional enzyme, converts arachadonic acid to prostaglandins that are important for maintaining critical physiological functions such as nervous system regulation, pain response, and specifically inflammation of tissues. The enzyme exists in two isoforms: COX-1 is constitutionally produced, playing important maintenance roles throughout the body. COX-2 is constitutionally produced in the brain, but is inducible and thus, highly regulated (2). Non-specific inhibition of COX reduces inflammation, but increases gastrointestinal ulcers due to a failure of mucus production by COX-1. Specific COX-2 inhibition controls the inflammatory response, but is not ulcergenic (1,3). At this time the effect of COX-2 regulation …

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A Fine Structure Comparison Of Three Species Of Argulus (Crustacea: Branchiura) Ectoparasites Of Farmed And Wild Fish, Adam Bowen, Richard A. Heckmann Aug 2013

A Fine Structure Comparison Of Three Species Of Argulus (Crustacea: Branchiura) Ectoparasites Of Farmed And Wild Fish, Adam Bowen, Richard A. Heckmann

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Argulus, commonly called fish-lice, are crustacean ectoparasites of fish. This study compared three members of the genus Argulus: A. pugetensis from Nanaimo, British Columbia; A. coregoni from Curitiba, Brazil; and A. siamensis from Bangalore, India. It was hypothesized that argulids of different taxons must have morphological variations of commonly held structures. For example, two species of Argulus possess marginal membranes on their suckers, but the membranes should have different quantities and qualities of substructures. To test this hypothesis, all specimens were photographed with the JEOL 6100 scanning electron microscope; the micrographs of A. pugetensis and A. siamensis are the first …

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Dotpopulation Genetic Analysis Of Puma Concolor Using Microsatellites, Eric Swenson, Dr. Keith A. Crandall Aug 2013

Dotpopulation Genetic Analysis Of Puma Concolor Using Microsatellites, Eric Swenson, Dr. Keith A. Crandall

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The mountain lion, Puma concolor, is the last widespread species of top predator remaining in the United States (2). Despite this, P. concolor is the subject of annual hunts, except in Florida and South Dakota, where they are threatened, and California (4). The impact of hunting on these populations is not well understood, but sport hunting constitutes the highest source of mortality in Utah (5). Indications are that increased hunting activity over the past few years may be causing a decline in the P. concolor population in Utah (1). The impact of hunting practices on the genetic variation of mountain …

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Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Early Infection Of Dyers Woad, Isatis Tinctoria By Germlings Of Puccinia Thlaspeos, Michael T. Binns, Dr. Gary R. Hooper Aug 2013

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Early Infection Of Dyers Woad, Isatis Tinctoria By Germlings Of Puccinia Thlaspeos, Michael T. Binns, Dr. Gary R. Hooper

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Dyers Woad (Isatis tinctoria) is an introduced noxious weed of crop and rangeland in northern Utah. A native rust fungus (tentatively identified as Puccinia thlaspeos) is being investigated as a possible biological control agent of the weed. In order to effectively use the rust in a biocontrol program, it is necessary to understand its epidemiology and characteristics.

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Odocoileus Hemionus Mortality Profiles And The Cultural Predatory Adaptations At Aspen Shelter, Utah, James T. Anderson, Dr. Joel C. Janetskik Aug 2013

Odocoileus Hemionus Mortality Profiles And The Cultural Predatory Adaptations At Aspen Shelter, Utah, James T. Anderson, Dr. Joel C. Janetskik

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Mortality profiles (ages at death) constructed from the faunal analysis of archaeological sites offer unique insights into specific cultural predatory patterns and lifeways of the sites former inhabitants. The products of prey age selection or mortality profiles allow archaeologists to understand strategies of hunting, land use, and “habitual techniques of procurement” . A mortality profile of 4 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) was created from the thousands of identified bones excavated at Aspen Shelter, Utah in an attempt to understand such cultural adaptations.

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Histological And Ultrastructural Evidence Of Osteoarthritis In Mice Carrying A Semi-Dominant Mutation Of Col2a1, Victoria Ryder, Dr. Robert Seegmiller Aug 2013

Histological And Ultrastructural Evidence Of Osteoarthritis In Mice Carrying A Semi-Dominant Mutation Of Col2a1, Victoria Ryder, Dr. Robert Seegmiller

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Mice heterozygous for the semi-dominant mutation disproportionate micromelia (Dmm) express mild chondrodysplasia by three weeks postnatally. This phenotype is attributed to a deletion of three contiguous nucleotides within the Col2A1 gene on mouse chromosome 15. The phenotype of Dmm/+ mice resembles that of human Stickler syndrome, which can be caused by mutations in the human COL2A1 gene.

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Summary Of Research And Writing The Screenplay “Cora Chattering” Based On Terrie Petree’S Award-Winning Short Story “Eating The Old Thoughts”, Ethan L. Vincent, Stan Ferguson Aug 2013

Summary Of Research And Writing The Screenplay “Cora Chattering” Based On Terrie Petree’S Award-Winning Short Story “Eating The Old Thoughts”, Ethan L. Vincent, Stan Ferguson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Research and writing “Cora Chattering” was an interesting process. Terrie Petree’s seven page short story “Eating the Old Thoughts” offered enough material for a 21 page script, translating into approximately 20 minutes screen time – the ideal length for a student short film. Although the script diverts somewhat from Terrie Petree’s original story, these necessary changes made the characters and their relationships to each other more animated and accessible. As a result, I learned a great deal about the compromises of short story adaptations.

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Effect Of Phytoestrogens On Brain Development And Function, Jacob C. Ong, Dr. Edwin D. Lephart Aug 2013

Effect Of Phytoestrogens On Brain Development And Function, Jacob C. Ong, Dr. Edwin D. Lephart

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Phytoestrogens are estrogen-like compounds derived from plants such as the soy plant and can mimic the function of the human estrogen hormone by binding to estrogen receptors. Estrogen plays a major role in the prevention of osteoperosis and cardiovascular disease in woman. Evidence also suggests that estrogen influences various parts of the memory process and that its impact on an organism is dependent on the developmental stage at which exposure occurs [1].

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Determining Homology Of Turkey Round Heart Disease Marker Sequences: A Computer-Based Study, Ryan D. Mcallister, Dr. David Kooyman Aug 2013

Determining Homology Of Turkey Round Heart Disease Marker Sequences: A Computer-Based Study, Ryan D. Mcallister, Dr. David Kooyman

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Round heart disease (RHD) is a spontaneous occurring cardiomyopathy in turkeys. The domestic turkey Meleagris gallopavo is affected by low body weight and premature death due to congestive heart failure from RHD (1). RHD results in decreased profitability for the animal agriculturists and higher prices for turkey products. DNA markers have been identified for both normal turkeys and for turkeys affected by RHD. These genetic markers have been amplified using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis (2). 16 DNA marker sequences amplified by RAPD have now been determined (3). Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) is a computer program designed …

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The Finest View: Embryology In Four Dimensions, Research Results, Justin N. Craig, Dr. Robert E. Seegmiller Aug 2013

The Finest View: Embryology In Four Dimensions, Research Results, Justin N. Craig, Dr. Robert E. Seegmiller

Journal of Undergraduate Research

One of the most complicated and difficult to comprehend organ systems in embryological development is the nervous system. In the study of embryology, one realizes that the understanding of human origin exists and must be studied not only in three dimensions, but also the fourth, i.e. time. The complex folding and sealing of the neural tube, the arching through space and enlargement to form hollow areas for the developing portions of the brain, spinal cord, and neurons, can best be comprehended in a four dimensional manner. One of the greatest mysteries of the human body is still the brain, and …

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Orca Scholarship Research Results, Sariah Choucair, Dr. Dilworth Parkinson Aug 2013

Orca Scholarship Research Results, Sariah Choucair, Dr. Dilworth Parkinson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

During my time in Beirut I came to know myself. At first this may seem a very bold, unscholarly statement, perhaps better suited to a magazine essay than a scholastic summary. However, I feel that the best research is that which becomes a part of us, that broadens our view not of our subject only, but of the world as a whole and our role in it. When I applied for and received this scholarship I was expecting to have a purely scholastic experience studying the women’s literature produced during the Lebanese civil war, completely separate from my familial experience …

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Effects Of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation In A Rat-Model Of Human Depression, Brian J. Higginbotham, Dr. Erin Bigler Aug 2013

Effects Of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation In A Rat-Model Of Human Depression, Brian J. Higginbotham, Dr. Erin Bigler

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a relatively new technology that extends the ability to noninvasively stimulate cortical brain structures (Walsh and Rushworth, 1999). TMS involves placing an electromagnet on the scalp and turning it rapidly on and off through the discharge of capacitors, thereby producing a time-varying magnetic field that passes unimpeded through the skull and soft tissue. This altering magnetic field induces a changing electric field, which causes current flow in cortical tissue, resulting in neuronal depolarization.

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Blood And Atonement In The Book Of Mormon From A Near Eastern Perspective, Michael Biggerstaff, Dr. Jared Ludlow Aug 2013

Blood And Atonement In The Book Of Mormon From A Near Eastern Perspective, Michael Biggerstaff, Dr. Jared Ludlow

Journal of Undergraduate Research

“Behold, my soul delighteth in proving unto my people the truth of the coming of Christ; for, for this end hath the law of Moses been given; and all things which have been given of God from the beginning of the world, unto man, are the typifying of him” (2 Nephi 11:4). These words of Nephi, concerning the Law of Moses typifying Christ, are echoed by several other Book of Mormon authors, including Lehi, Jacob, Jarom, King Benjamin, Abinadi, Amulek, and Mormon. More authors could be added to this list if it included those who spoke of Christ’s fulfilling of …

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Printed Pattern The Study Of Pattern Through Ancient Egyptian Art, Michelle Sorensen, Adrian Pulfer Aug 2013

Printed Pattern The Study Of Pattern Through Ancient Egyptian Art, Michelle Sorensen, Adrian Pulfer

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Pattern design is widely popular and used throughout the world. Patterns have also been used since the beginning of time. They can be seen in blankets, clothing, rugs, and paintings throughout history. For my study of patterns I looked to an unusual resource—ancient Egypt. Egypt has had immense influence in the modern world, from architecture to fashion. But I wanted to look at Egyptian art with the focus of patterns and the purpose behind their use. Was there calculated purpose behind the use of patterns? Or were they used to merely fill up space? Did the Egyptians have a unique …

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Printed Pattern The Study Of Pattern Through Ancient Egyptian Art, Michelle Sorensen, Adrian Pulfer Aug 2013

Printed Pattern The Study Of Pattern Through Ancient Egyptian Art, Michelle Sorensen, Adrian Pulfer

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Pattern design is widely popular and used throughout the world. Patterns have also been used since the beginning of time. They can be seen in blankets, clothing, rugs, and paintings throughout history. For my study of patterns I looked to an unusual resource—ancient Egypt. Egypt has had immense influence in the modern world, from architecture to fashion. But I wanted to look at Egyptian art with the focus of patterns and the purpose behind their use. Was there calculated purpose behind the use of patterns? Or were they used to merely fill up space? Did the Egyptians have a unique …

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The Role Of Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels In Drosophila Development, Brandon Gassaway, Dr. Emily Bates Aug 2013

The Role Of Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels In Drosophila Development, Brandon Gassaway, Dr. Emily Bates

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Anderson-Tawil Syndrome (ATS) is characterized by morphological defects including clinodactyly (abnormal curvature of digits), syndactyly (fused digits), micrognathia (small jaw), cleft palate, and hypertelorism (wide-set eyes) as well as periodic paralysis and heart arrhythmia. Mutations in inwardly rectifying potassium (Irk) channels are found in patients with ATS. Expression of mutant Irk channels causes similar physiological and morphological defects in mice.

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