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Air Force Institute of Technology

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Schedule Estimating Relationships For The Engineering And Manufacturing Development Of Bomber, Transport, Tanker And Surveillance Aircraft Systems, D. Scott Boyd, Brian D. Mundt Sep 1993

Schedule Estimating Relationships For The Engineering And Manufacturing Development Of Bomber, Transport, Tanker And Surveillance Aircraft Systems, D. Scott Boyd, Brian D. Mundt

Theses and Dissertations

This study developed parametric schedule estimating relationships (SERs) for the engineering and manufacturing development (EMD) phase for nontactical aircraft systems. The potential value of this nontraditional approach to estimating schedule duration has been established by previous applications to tactical aircraft, air-launched munitions, and office buildings. Prior research suggested acquisition strategy parameters to be significant schedule drivers. For this study, data on EMD milestone dates and potential schedule drivers were collected on 56 bomber, transport, tanker, and surveillance aircraft systems. Several SERs were developed for these systems using linear regression analysis. The EMD phase was divided into subphases based on significant …


Software Cost Estimating Models: A Comparative Study Of What The Models Estimate, George A. Coggins, Roy C. Russell Sep 1993

Software Cost Estimating Models: A Comparative Study Of What The Models Estimate, George A. Coggins, Roy C. Russell

Theses and Dissertations

This effort developed a consolidated document which highlights and examines differences in definitions, assumptions, and methodologies used by the REVIC, SASET, PRICES, and SEER-SEM cost models. The following research questions were investigated: (1) What differences exist between the cost models? (2) How do these differences impact the resulting estimates? (3) To what degree can we explain and adjust for known differences between the cost models? Seven specific areas were addressed: (1) software development phases, (2) development activities and cost elements, (3) source lines of code and language differences, (4) key model attributes and key cost drivers, (5) implications of Project …


Quantification Of Uncertainty In The Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Studies Process, Kurt C. Held, Perry J. Shepler Sep 1993

Quantification Of Uncertainty In The Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Studies Process, Kurt C. Held, Perry J. Shepler

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis developed a method to bound cost estimates with a prediction interval of costs for the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) phase of the Installation Remediation Program (IRP) process. The prediction interval provides a reasonableness cross check for RI/FS project cost estimates. To develop the cost bounds, three major activities occurred. First, a database was developed from RI/FS projects managed by the Army Corps of Engineers. Second, a regression cost model was developed from the observations in the database. Third, a prediction interval specified at the 70 percent confidence level was derived from the cost model. This prediction interval provides …


Development Of Standardized S Curves For The Evaluation Of Major Department Of Defense Purchases, Richard E. Knepp, Michael E. Stroble Sep 1993

Development Of Standardized S Curves For The Evaluation Of Major Department Of Defense Purchases, Richard E. Knepp, Michael E. Stroble

Theses and Dissertations

The increasing cost of Department of Defense acquisitions combined with the shrinking Defense budget puts a premium on continuing the funding of only those programs that are practical and affordable. This emphasizes a need for good methods of monitoring the progress of programs. Current methods of controlling and evaluating cost performance are limited. It is our belief that the generation of S-curves using current Cost and Schedule Control Systems Criteria (C/SCSC) data will provide a mathematical and/or graphical approach to assist in the control of program costs. This thesis attempted to plot the percentage of time for a contract's completion …


Measuring Productive Efficiency In Air Force Operational Contracting Squadrons: An Application Of Data Envelopment Analysis, Dennis W. Groseclose, Douglas E. James Sep 1993

Measuring Productive Efficiency In Air Force Operational Contracting Squadrons: An Application Of Data Envelopment Analysis, Dennis W. Groseclose, Douglas E. James

Theses and Dissertations

In an effort to improve the management feedback in operational contracting squadrons, this research concentrated on the development of an alternate method to measure operational contracting performance. Specifically, the research investigated the use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the productive efficiency of 45 operational contracting squadrons. Operational contracting managers were surveyed to identify critical resources to and outputs from the contracting process. Based on this survey, four inputs and five outputs were included in the DEA model. The DEA was executed for each contracting squadron under study. The DEA output provided improved performance measurement and feedback information. DEA …


Computerized Vehicle Routing Programs And Their Effect On Vehicle Utilization In The Air Force, Rex E. Adee, William G. Howard Sep 1993

Computerized Vehicle Routing Programs And Their Effect On Vehicle Utilization In The Air Force, Rex E. Adee, William G. Howard

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to determine if a commercial computerized vehicle routing program improves vehicle utilization for an Air Force base transportation organization. First, the researchers investigate current routing procedures of Air Force base transportation organizations. Second, researchers identify a commercial computerized vehicle routing program that enables the authors to conduct a comparison of vehicle utilization rates between an Air Force base transportation organization and commercial computerized vehicle routing programs. The study reveals that implementing a computerized vehicle routing program in place of a manual routing procedure does not improve vehicle utilization. However, the study reveals some limitations …


Quality-Based Supply Management Indicators, Michael O. Cannon, Brian B. Yoo Sep 1993

Quality-Based Supply Management Indicators, Michael O. Cannon, Brian B. Yoo

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis was to determine if current supply management indicators provide supply managers with quality measurement tools. This research developed the Quality-Based Metrics Framework, consisting of customer focus and continuous process improvement with underlying supporting elements of time and cost. A literature review determined an appropriate framework for improving logistics indicators. Interviews with supply analysts and a review of pertinent publications identified the most commonly used supply management indicators. A focus group of highly experienced senior supply officers determined the usefulness of currently used indicators in terms of the framework. Using the input from the focus group, …


An Investigation Of Alternative Metamodels For The Theater Simulation Of Airbase Resources Model, Alistair G. Dally Sep 1993

An Investigation Of Alternative Metamodels For The Theater Simulation Of Airbase Resources Model, Alistair G. Dally

Theses and Dissertations

This study is an exploratory investigation into the development of metamodels of a particular Theater Simulation of Airbase Resources (TSAR) simulation model. Techniques applicable to the development of metamodels from a simulation using an orthogonal two-level fractional factorial experimental design are discussed. The experimental design is found to limit the metamodel form to polynomial linear least squares regression models, and also to greatly simplify the process of building regression models. Using the simulation results from previous research, alternate metamodels are proposed for both the prediction of sorties generated by the airbase system, as modeled by the simulation; and to assist …


An Evaluation Of Aircraft Maintenance Performance Factors In The Objective Wing, Mark A. Gray, Margaret M. Ranalli Sep 1993

An Evaluation Of Aircraft Maintenance Performance Factors In The Objective Wing, Mark A. Gray, Margaret M. Ranalli

Theses and Dissertations

Prior to 1992, organizational maintenance was aligned under a - separate maintenance organization. In 1992, the Air Force restructured into Objective Wings with organizational maintenance aligned under the flying squadrons. This study looks at the impact of this reorganization on maintenance performance factors. The researchers developed maintenance performance models using regression and principal component analysis. Mission Capable Rate and Total Not Mission Capable Maintenance Rate are used as dependent variables. A comparison of key maintenance performance indicators and model predictions before and after the reorganization is accomplished. Based on the results of this analysis, the researchers conclude that there is …


An Analysis Of Career Progression Rates Of Civilian Graduates Of The Air Force Institute Of Technology, Helena R. Hughley, Gene E. Massman Sep 1993

An Analysis Of Career Progression Rates Of Civilian Graduates Of The Air Force Institute Of Technology, Helena R. Hughley, Gene E. Massman

Theses and Dissertations

This study analyzes the career progression rates of civilian graduates from the School of Logistics and Acquisition Management of the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). The sample includes all civilian AFIT graduates who are currently working for the Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC). Actual promotion rates of the AFIT graduates are compared to promotion rates for two comparison groups: AFMC civilians with a master's degree from a civilian institution; and AFMC civilians with a bachelor's degree but no graduate degree. A regression analysis is performed to study the relationship between specific factors and a graduate's future rate of promotion. …


A Comparison Of The Disaster™ Scheduling Software With A Simultaneous Scheduling Algorithm For Minimizing Maximum Tardiness In Job Shops, Barak J. Carlson, Christopher A. Lettiere Sep 1993

A Comparison Of The Disaster™ Scheduling Software With A Simultaneous Scheduling Algorithm For Minimizing Maximum Tardiness In Job Shops, Barak J. Carlson, Christopher A. Lettiere

Theses and Dissertations

The Theory of Constraints (TOC) is the foundation for a computerized scheduling system called DISASTER. Although this system has proven successful in many manufacturing settings, it has potential limitations due to the sequential heuristic process by which it schedules constraints. The objective of this thesis was to determine the extent to which these limitations impact the due date performance of schedules created by DISASTER. This objective was addressed by developing an algorithm to simultaneously schedule multiple constraints in a job shop environment and provide the optimal schedule for minimized maximum tardiness. This algorithm was used to obtain solutions for a …


A Study Of The Establishment Of Cost And Schedule Variance Thresholds On Department Of Defense Major Program Contracts, Tuan A. Hoang, Steven M. Quick Sep 1993

A Study Of The Establishment Of Cost And Schedule Variance Thresholds On Department Of Defense Major Program Contracts, Tuan A. Hoang, Steven M. Quick

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examined to what extent theoretical threshold models are used to establish cost and schedule variance thresholds on Department of Defense (DoD) major program contracts and identified how these thresholds are actually established. First, numerous theoretical methods for establishing variance threshold including the accounting approach, the statistical process control approach, and the Dyckman and Kaplan models were investigated and assessed. Interviews were then conducted with a sample of DoD and civilian defense contractor personnel who had first-hand knowledge of the establishment of cost and schedule variance thresholds. Findings indicated that none of these methods was being used. Repeatedly, interviewees …


A Study Of The Development Of Planning, Programming And Budgeting System (Ppbs) In The United States Department Of Defense, Sakir S. Kantik Sep 1993

A Study Of The Development Of Planning, Programming And Budgeting System (Ppbs) In The United States Department Of Defense, Sakir S. Kantik

Theses and Dissertations

Having served as the United States Defense Department (DoD)'s primary resource allocation and decision-making process for more than 30 years, Planning-Programming-Budgeting System (PPBS) has kept going its evolution since it was first introduced in 1961. Accordingly, this study examined the development of PPBS in the U.S. DoD from its beginning to the recent past, that is to 1986, focusing on its basic purposes, how it has been modified and to assess the various expert observations made about the system. As originally conceived, the budget process was divided into three phases: Planning, Programming and Budgeting. The Planning phase was concerned with …


Implementation Of The Defense Business Operations Fund (Dbof) Policies And Unit Costing In The Air Force Institute Of Technology (Afit), Charles W. Leonard, Rafeal Martinez Sep 1993

Implementation Of The Defense Business Operations Fund (Dbof) Policies And Unit Costing In The Air Force Institute Of Technology (Afit), Charles W. Leonard, Rafeal Martinez

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the potential effects of the Defense Business Operations Fund (DBOF) policies on the graduate degree programs at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). The study examined the Defense Management Review document that provides the implementation and guidance information for DBOF, and Unit Cost. DBOF requires that organizations provide unit cost per output figures as the basis for organizational funding. Unit cost resourcing is expected to change the way federal managers control resources, and is intended to promote quality management practices. In order to achieve the research objective, the researchers surveyed the opinions of HQ AFMC's Graduate …


Scheduling A Medium-Sized Manufacturing Shop: A Simulation Study, Daniel J. Mcfeely Sep 1993

Scheduling A Medium-Sized Manufacturing Shop: A Simulation Study, Daniel J. Mcfeely

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the application of simple-to-use, low cost scheduling methods to the operating environment of a medium-sized manufacturing shop. Computer simulation was used to evaluate eighteen different scheduling algorithms, each the result of the combination of a loading and a sequencing rule; due date setting was not considered since due dates are exogenously set. The loading rules investigated were Minimum Machine Required, Lowest Average WIP, and Lowest Average Aggregate Priority Level. The sequencing rules investigated were Priority, EDD, FIS, SPT, Slack, and Slack Ratio. The scheduling algorithms were evaluated against performance measures of mean tardiness, mean flowtime, mean percentage …


An Analysis Of The Performance-Risk Trade-Off In Source Selection Decision Making, Richard G. Pierce, Jeffrey E. Wainwright Sep 1993

An Analysis Of The Performance-Risk Trade-Off In Source Selection Decision Making, Richard G. Pierce, Jeffrey E. Wainwright

Theses and Dissertations

Each year the Air Force awards weapon system contracts worth billions of dollars using the source selection process. In the source selection, performance and risk assessments are evaluated to determine the best proposal; the proposal that gives the best overall value. The purpose of this research was to investigate the performance/risk trade-off in the source selection decision making process. The study also examined the effect individual risk propensities and the nature of item being evaluated have on the performance/risk trade-off decisions. Air Force acquisition personnel stationed at Aeronautical Systems Center, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, who had participated in a source selection …


On The Automation Of Object-Oriented Requirements Analysis, Nancy L. Crowley Sep 1993

On The Automation Of Object-Oriented Requirements Analysis, Nancy L. Crowley

Theses and Dissertations

The research investigated the possibility that an object-oriented requirements analysis (OORA) specification model can be represented in a computer system and used as a basis for the elicitation of the information necessary for the development of an object-oriented specification for a particular problem. The proof-of-concept system developed is called the OORA automated Knowledge System (OAKS). OAKS contains a generic domain model that is modified to satisfy a particular problem in the domain. The core of OAKS is a reusable domain model, which represents a domain of interest. The domain model is used as a basis for user changes that are …


Application Of Sequence Comparison Methods To Multisensor Data Fusion And Target Recognition, Edmund W. Libby Jul 1993

Application Of Sequence Comparison Methods To Multisensor Data Fusion And Target Recognition, Edmund W. Libby

Theses and Dissertations

This research addresses methods for exploiting the joint likelihood of observed kinematic and nonkinematic (sensor signature) physical events to improve dynamic object and target recognition. A principal direction is the application of dynamic programming sequence comparison techniques to condition matching of object signatures to known models according to observed kinematics. A second direction is the application of kinematic/aspect-angle Kalman filter trackers to condition kinematic tracking according to observed signatures. These conditioning processes dramatically reduce ambiguity in object recognition, and can be used together or separately to allow computation of a posterior probabilities of object class membership using Bayesian methods. Proposals …


Experimental And Analytical Analysis Of The Response Of A Smart Beam To Rate Feedback, Terance J. Hoffman Jun 1993

Experimental And Analytical Analysis Of The Response Of A Smart Beam To Rate Feedback, Terance J. Hoffman

Theses and Dissertations

A smart beam with embedded sensors and actuators was analyzed and tested. The smart beam studied was constructed from graphite and epoxy with piezoceramic actuators and NiTiNOL sensors embedded. It was mounted vertically and subjected to transverse dynamic loading at the free end. Analytic expressions for the open loop and closed loop response (using strain rate feedback control) of the beam (including internal damping) to external forcing were derived in detail. Experimental testing of the beam verified the accuracy of the predicted open loop response.


Experimental Investigation Of The Effects Of Blowing Ratio Parameter On Heat Transfer To A Film-Cooled Flat Plate, Marco R. Valencia Jun 1993

Experimental Investigation Of The Effects Of Blowing Ratio Parameter On Heat Transfer To A Film-Cooled Flat Plate, Marco R. Valencia

Theses and Dissertations

The effects of blowing ratio on film cooling effectiveness were investigated. Two round-nosed test plates were used. One made of aluminum and the second of corian (low thermal conductivity). Injection at 35 degrees in the downstream direction was studied. Helium was mixed with air to produce a density ratio (coolant to mainstream) of 1.6 and 2.0, while the blowing ratio varied from 0.3 to 2.2. Surface temperature was measured by thin film gages located up to a nondimensional downstream distance X/D of 30. Two injection regimes, weak and strong, were found. In the weak regime, film cooling reduced gage heat …


Anns An X Window Based Version Of The Afit Neural Network Simulator, Ching-Seh Wu Jun 1993

Anns An X Window Based Version Of The Afit Neural Network Simulator, Ching-Seh Wu

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents an X Window based neural network simulation environment developed at Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) using the techniques of modern software engineering. This artificial neural network simulator is a tool running on Sun SPARCstations and supporting two user modes: end-users and client-programmers. End-users interact with neural network paradigms developed by client-programmers for the purpose of studying and analyzing the execution of a particular Neural Network (NN) paradigm, or class of NN algorithms. Client programmers maintain the system and use this environment for the development of new NN paradigms or algorithms for end-users. The development follows a …


A Decision Criteria To Select An Associative-Memory Organization That Minimizes The Execution Time Of A Mix Of Associative-Search Operations, David W. Banton Jun 1993

A Decision Criteria To Select An Associative-Memory Organization That Minimizes The Execution Time Of A Mix Of Associative-Search Operations, David W. Banton

Theses and Dissertations

The dissertation develops a decision criteria to select an associative-memory organization that minimizes the execution time of a mix of associative-search operations and a decision criteria to estimate the layout dimensions of each organization for a specified memory size. The dissertation reclassifies Feng's associative-search operations into three hardware-influenced categories: bit-position independent (BPI), record-content independent (RCI); bit-position dependent (BPD), RCI; and BPD, record-content dependent (RCD). It develops a relationship between the categories and three associative-memory organizations: the CAM, the bit-serial word-parallel associative memory (BSWPAM) , and the extreme-search associative memory (ESAM). A version of the CAM, three versions of the BSWPAM, …


Radome Depolarization Effects On Monopulse Receiver Tracking Performance, Michael A. Temple Jun 1993

Radome Depolarization Effects On Monopulse Receiver Tracking Performance, Michael A. Temple

Theses and Dissertations

Boresight Error (BSE), defined as the angular deviation between the true position and the apparent position of a target as indicated by a radar, is an important figure of merit for a tracking radar. A significant contributor to system BSE is the protective radome. This research effort employed a GO technique to investigate the effects of a radome on BSE, expanding previous ray- trace receive techniques to include: (1) a uniquely defined/developed mathematical description for each surface within arbitrary multi-layer tapered radomes, (2) an 'ideal' taper function concept for obtaining optimum BSE prediction performance, (3) a generalized technique for calculating …


Phased Array Antenna Analysis Using Hybrid Finite Element Methods, Daniel T. Mcgrath Jun 1993

Phased Array Antenna Analysis Using Hybrid Finite Element Methods, Daniel T. Mcgrath

Theses and Dissertations

This research in computational electromagnetics developed a new method for predicting the near-field mutual coupling effects in phased array antennas, using the finite element method (FEM) in combination with integral equations. Accurate feed modeling is accomplished by enforcing continuity between the FEM solution and an arbitrary number of wave guide models across a ground plane aperture. A periodic integral equation is imposed above the antenna's physical structure in order to enforce the radiation condition and to confine the analysis to an array unit cell. The electric field is expanded in terms of vector finite elements, and Galerkin's method is used …


Linear Characteristic Spatial Quadrature For Discrete Ordinates Neutral Particle Transport On Arbitrary Triangles, Dennis J. Miller Jun 1993

Linear Characteristic Spatial Quadrature For Discrete Ordinates Neutral Particle Transport On Arbitrary Triangles, Dennis J. Miller

Theses and Dissertations

A new discrete ordinates spatial quadrature for arbitrary triangular cells is derived and compared to its rectangular cell linear characteristic counterpart. The triangular mesh is more flexible, allowing curved surfaces and off-axis angles to be approximated with many fewer spatial cells. The triangle method is consistently more accurate on example problems tested here. Arbitrary orientation and size of the triangles allow non-patterned meshes to be developed which appears to ameliorate numerical diffusion. The triangle linear characteristic quadrature converges at nearly the same rate as rectangular Linear characteristic on Lathrop's problem. Mesh sensitivity measurements show large variations in triangle vertex locations …


Patient Scheduling And Aircraft Routing For Strategic Aeromedical Evacuation, Michael J. Loftus Mar 1993

Patient Scheduling And Aircraft Routing For Strategic Aeromedical Evacuation, Michael J. Loftus

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study is to develop an approach that would assign patients to aeromedical evacuation aircraft and route each aircraft to a single CONUS airport. The goal is to minimize total patient wait time. A heuristic algorithm is developed which exploits the structure of the problem. The first subproblem solved is the assignment of aircraft to airports. This subproblem is solved using integer programming and the results are input into the second subproblem. The second subproblem is the patient to aircraft assignment problem. This subproblem minimizes patient wait time and is solved using network flow programming. The two …


An Investigation Of Graphite Peek Composite Under Compression With A Centrally Located Circular Discontinuity, Benjamin Wham Ii Mar 1993

An Investigation Of Graphite Peek Composite Under Compression With A Centrally Located Circular Discontinuity, Benjamin Wham Ii

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis was to determine (both experimentally and analytically) the initiation and progression of failure, stress-strain response, and the failure loads of Graphite/Polyetheretherketone (Gr/PEEK) laminates, incorporating a centrally located circular discontinuity, loading in axial compression at room temperature. The laminates studied were (0°)16,(90°)16, (0°/90°)4S, (± 45°)4S, and (0°/±45°/90°)2S. The specimens were loaded within a Boeing Open Hole Compression Fixture. The micromechanical failure modes were identified using a Scanning Electron Microscope. The analytical progression of failure was predicted using a nonlinear finite element code developed by Dr. R.S. …


Object-Oriented Database Access From Ada, Li Chou Mar 1993

Object-Oriented Database Access From Ada, Li Chou

Theses and Dissertations

Ada embodies many modern software engineering principles, namely, modifiability, efficiency, reliability, and understandability. Its powerful data abstraction allows programmers to easily model objects in the real world. A database management system (DBMS) provides long term storage. It provides a convenient and efficient environment to manipulate data. Currently, with Ada access to a DBMS is typically done through the use of a language extension and a preprocessor to convert the extensions to library calls appropriate for the DBMS. However, these systems are limited on more complex applications, such as computer-aided engineering design. Object-oriented design (OOD) is a new way of thinking …


Spartan Ii: An Instructional High Resolution Land Combat Model, Edwin H. Harris Jr. Mar 1993

Spartan Ii: An Instructional High Resolution Land Combat Model, Edwin H. Harris Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

This project improved SPARTAN, a high resolution land combat model demonstrator. SPARTAN was originally developed as a hands-on trainer for land combat modeling students because there were no models specifically designed to teach the analysts how the models function. SPARTAN is built to demonstrate the techniques used in the current generation of US Army high resolution models. Like the original, the model is primarily a small scale attrition (both direct and indirect fire) model. The model represents 12 soldiers involved in the following processes: target search, target selection, direct fire engagement, indirect fire engagement, movement, reaction to fire, obstacle breaching, …


The Airlift Capabilities Estimation Prototype: A Case Study In Model Validation, Randy Mccanne Mar 1993

The Airlift Capabilities Estimation Prototype: A Case Study In Model Validation, Randy Mccanne

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigates the application of a life cycle approach to the validation of operational models. The classic waterfall life cycle from software engineering is adapted for use on mathematical models by defining four stages of model development. Each stage is discussed in detail and examples of the output from each stage are presented. In addition, techniques are investigated for applying the proposed life cycle to existing models through the recovery of life cycle stages. The methodology is applied to a linear programming model developed for planning airlift operations to demonstrate the power of the life cycle approach to validation. …