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Air Force Institute of Technology

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Hyperspectral Analysis Of Space Objects: Signal To Noise Evaluation, Daniel Hrovat Dec 1993

Hyperspectral Analysis Of Space Objects: Signal To Noise Evaluation, Daniel Hrovat

Theses and Dissertations

Hyperspectral analysis of space objects is being considered as a means of enhancing Space Object Identification. SOI capabilities. This study develops a mathematical simulation based on fundamental radiometry principles to evaluate the feasibility of hyperspectral analysis of space objects. The study uses Signal to Noise Ratio SNR as the basis for the feasibility evaluation, and addresses the question Is there enough target signal in narrow wavelength bandwidths to conduct hyperspectral measurements of space objects The analysis characterizes the target signal and noise sources using fundamental radiometry, and develops a flexible radiometry model which calculates the target signal count rate, and …


Objective Image Quality Metrics: Applications For Partially Compensated Images Of Space Objects, David J. Lee Dec 1993

Objective Image Quality Metrics: Applications For Partially Compensated Images Of Space Objects, David J. Lee

Theses and Dissertations

Digital image reconstruction tasks currently require human intervention for a subjective evaluation of image quality. A method for unsupervised measurement of digital image quality is desired. This research investigated various parameters metrics that can be automatically extracted from a digital image and tested how well they correlated with image quality. Specifically, images of orbiting satellites captured by a partially compensated adaptive optics telescope were dealt with. Two different types of quantities were investigated 1) Fourier spectral parameters, based on the spatial- frequency sensitivities of the HVS; and 2) Histogram shape parameters i.e image statistical moments giving quantitative insight into the …


System Design Analysis Of A Lightweight Laser Satellite Terminal, Brian C. Page Dec 1993

System Design Analysis Of A Lightweight Laser Satellite Terminal, Brian C. Page

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the technological feasibility of a man- portable satellite laser communications system. Areas of interest were an end- to-end system analysis on the communications link evaluation of atmospheric effects and evaluation of semi-conductor lasers as the laser source. A literature search revealed that satellite laser communication research is primarily directed at inter-satellite links. There have been some proposed systems for space-to-ground laser communications systems, but they all utilize large fixed ground stations. The focus of this research effort is directed at a small man-portable ground station capitalizing on recent advances in semiconductor laser devices. Baseline satellite communication systems …


Solving The Ranking And Selection Indifference-Zone Formulation For Normal Distributions Using Computer Software, Catherine A. Poston Dec 1993

Solving The Ranking And Selection Indifference-Zone Formulation For Normal Distributions Using Computer Software, Catherine A. Poston

Theses and Dissertations

Ranking and selection procedures are statistical methods used to compare and choose the best among a group of similar statistically distributed populations. The two predominant approaches to solving ranking and selection problems are Guptas subset selection formulation and Bechhofers indifference- zone formulation. For the indifference-zone formulation where the populations have equal sample sizes, Barr and Rizvi developed an integral expression of the probability of correct selection PCS. Given appropriate parameters, the integral expression can be solved to determine the common sample size required to attain a desired PCS. Tables with selected solutions to the integral expression are available for a …


An Analysis Of The Root Causes Of Delays And Deficiencies In The Development Of Embedded Software For Air Force Weapon Systems, Jay R. Hopkins, Curtis De Keyrel Dec 1993

An Analysis Of The Root Causes Of Delays And Deficiencies In The Development Of Embedded Software For Air Force Weapon Systems, Jay R. Hopkins, Curtis De Keyrel

Theses and Dissertations

The importance of embedded software, used in every subsystem of ah major weapon systems used by the United States Air Force, has increased drastically over the last decades. However, in spite of the regulations currently in existence, developing and acquiring software which meets the user requirements within the original cost and schedule estimates continues to be difficult. At the same time, the Air Force has pushed to improve the development process with the Total Quality Management TQM program. The primary method used to improve the process has been to create metrics, collect data on these metrics, and then perform a …


Local Area Network Implementation At The 4950th Test Wing: A Study Of The Relationship Between Individual Factors And The Effectiveness Of A Local Area Network, Doyle F. Cone, David J. Donahoo Dec 1993

Local Area Network Implementation At The 4950th Test Wing: A Study Of The Relationship Between Individual Factors And The Effectiveness Of A Local Area Network, Doyle F. Cone, David J. Donahoo

Theses and Dissertations

This research investigated the individual factors which directly impacted the effectiveness of the 4950th Test Wing local area network (LAN). Areas of interest included the relationships between demographic and user attitude factors and LAN effectiveness. A literature review provided the basis for: 1) operationally defining effectiveness as a subjective measure of user satisfaction; 2) identifying specific factors which impact information system effectiveness; and 3) developing a research instrument to measure user attitudes and user satisfaction. A questionnaire was administered to 342 LAN users 173 were returned (a response rate of 51 percent). Sixteen factors (eight demographic factors and eight attitude …


The Development And Use Of An Evaluation Mechanism For The Assessment Of Software Configuration Management Tools, Wayne M. Descheneau, Neil W. Robinson Dec 1993

The Development And Use Of An Evaluation Mechanism For The Assessment Of Software Configuration Management Tools, Wayne M. Descheneau, Neil W. Robinson

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the development of a mechanism for use in the evaluation of Software Configuration Management SCM tools. An examination of applicable DoD standards identified the SCM requirements that could be levied on a development contractor, and a literature search revealed the functionality common to various automated tools. These two sets of information were organized into a matrix, and for each requirement that was met, the intersection on the matrix of the requirement and each functionality used to meet that requirement was checked. In addition to the matrix, the mechanism consisted of general information about a given tool and …


Demonstration Of Improved Software Support Labor Estimation For Air Force Operational Flight Programs Through Functional Orientation, Ronald R. Warner Jr., Darrel L. Wright Dec 1993

Demonstration Of Improved Software Support Labor Estimation For Air Force Operational Flight Programs Through Functional Orientation, Ronald R. Warner Jr., Darrel L. Wright

Theses and Dissertations

This study demonstrated two approaches to improve current software support effort estimation models for aircraft software. Both approaches involved a functional orientation not used by existing models. The first approach demonstrated how to orient a model to reflect the block change cycle modification process and how to represent support effort changes over time in order to improve effort estimation accuracy. Current software models do not reflect the support environment or the temporal characteristics of aircraft software support. The second approach demonstrated how to calibrate a model by properly selecting source data in order to increase accuracy. Support calibration is not …


Characterization Of Fatigue Damage In A Metal Matrix Composite (Scs-6/ Ti-15-3) At Elevated Temperature, Brian P. Sanders Nov 1993

Characterization Of Fatigue Damage In A Metal Matrix Composite (Scs-6/ Ti-15-3) At Elevated Temperature, Brian P. Sanders

Theses and Dissertations

The fatigue characteristics of a unidirectional titanium based metal matrix composite (MMC) were investigated at elevated temperature (427°C). A hybrid strain controlled loading mode was used to subject the 0° and 90° laminas to fatigue. Along with the fatigue tests, microscopy and analytical modeling ware also conducted. This combination of activities led to defining the initiation and progression of damage and deformation in the MMC. Hen loading was parallel to the fiber on, the fatigue behavior was initially dominated by creep deformation of the matrix. Then, depending on the maximum strain, specimen failure was the result either fiber fractures or …


A Nonlinear Three-Dimensional Micromechanics Model For Fiber-Reinforced Laminated Composites, David D. Robertson Nov 1993

A Nonlinear Three-Dimensional Micromechanics Model For Fiber-Reinforced Laminated Composites, David D. Robertson

Theses and Dissertations

In this study, a three-dimensional micromechanics model is developed. The present capabilities of the model include both unidirectional and laminated composite layups with various types of nonlinear analysis such as a thermoelastic-plastic analysis employing the Prandtl-Reuss flow relations, a thermoviscoplastic analysis using Bodner-Partom unified constitutive theory, and an interfacial damage progression scheme based on a statistical interfacial failure criteria. Such nonlinearities are critical factors during thermomechanical fatigue TMF loading of high temperature composites. Solutions were obtained and extensive comparisons performed with existing micromechanics models, finite element analysis, and experiment with excellent results. In addition, the analysis was developed to require …


Object-Oriented Design And Implementation Of A Parallel Ada Simulation System, James T. Belford Nov 1993

Object-Oriented Design And Implementation Of A Parallel Ada Simulation System, James T. Belford

Theses and Dissertations

Simulations which model the behavior real world entities are often large and complex, and require frequent changes to the configuration. This research effort examines the benefits of using object-oriented techniques to develop a distributed simulation environment which supports modularity, modifiability, and portability. The components of the Parallel Discrete Event Simulation PDES environment are identified and modeled using the Rumbaugh modeling technique. From the model, a prototype implementation of a Parallel Ada Simulation Environment PASE is accomplished using Classic Ada. A system interface for the Intel ipsc2 Hypercube was developed to illustrate the concepts of modularity and portability. In addition, the …


Crew Scheduling Of Space Operations Squadrons (Sops), Marianne Idzi Nov 1993

Crew Scheduling Of Space Operations Squadrons (Sops), Marianne Idzi

Theses and Dissertations

The mission of Space Operations Squadrons is continuous support of military satellite systems. The scheduling problem associated with conducting continuous operations is threefold. The first problem is finding cyclical crew shift schedules that meet daily manning requirements, adhere to current regulations, contain a minimum number of workshift changes during consecutive duty days, and maximize the non-duty time allowed between duty shifts. The second problem is to establish a sea of criteria to evaluate alternative shift schedules. Finally, the third problem is to minimize the number of personnel required to meet the scheduling requirements stated in the first problem. This study …


The Application Of Simulated Annealing To Stochastic Systems, Charles B. Warrender Nov 1993

The Application Of Simulated Annealing To Stochastic Systems, Charles B. Warrender

Theses and Dissertations

Simulated Annealing was used to optimize three constrained simulation models. For each of these models, seven different acceptance functions were evaluated and compared against the performance of Local Search. These comparisons demonstrated the affect that different acceptance functions have on the performance of the algorithm. The performance was measured by the average solution quality and average efficiency obtained from several runs. The first model facilitated the implementation of Simulated Annealing using the SLAM simulation language. The configuration space was small, described by only two decision variables. It demonstrated the viability of using Simulated Annealing to optimize the variable settings in …


Analytical Modeling Of Aquifer Decontamination By Pulsed Pumping When Contaminant Transport Is Affected By Rate-Limited Sorption And Desorption, Thomas A. Adams, Robert C. Viramontes Sep 1993

Analytical Modeling Of Aquifer Decontamination By Pulsed Pumping When Contaminant Transport Is Affected By Rate-Limited Sorption And Desorption, Thomas A. Adams, Robert C. Viramontes

Theses and Dissertations

This research explores radially convergent contaminated transport in an aquifer towards an extraction well. This thesis presents the equations governing the transport of a contaminant during aquifer remediation by pulsed pumping. Contaminant transport is assumed to be affected by radial advection, dispersion, and sorption/desorption. Sorption is assumed to be either equilibrium or rate-limited, with the rate-limitation described by either a first-order law, or by Fickian diffusion of contaminant through layered, cylindrical, or spherical immobile water regions. The equations are derived using an arbitrary initial distribution of contaminant in both the mobile and immobile regions, and they are analytically solved in …


The Effect Of Fill Patterns On Graphical Interpretation And Decision Making, Robert D. Helgeson, Robert A. Moriarty Sep 1993

The Effect Of Fill Patterns On Graphical Interpretation And Decision Making, Robert D. Helgeson, Robert A. Moriarty

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated if decision makers could be mislead by computer generated vertical bar graphs that contained varying intensities of fill patterns. It also investigated if the misleading influence of vertical bar graphs caused any differences in interpretation or decision making. A literature review revealed a need to test bar graphs with varying intensities of fill patterns in a controlled environment. By creating vertical bar graphs that use fill patterns, stronger impressions may be produced on the decision maker which may lead to misinterpretations of the underlying data. An experiment was conducted on 182 mid to upper level Department of …


A Cost Model For Usaf Acquisition Of Commercial Aircraft For Service In The Special Air Mission Fleet, C. Grant Mcvicker Iii, Michael T. Roche Sep 1993

A Cost Model For Usaf Acquisition Of Commercial Aircraft For Service In The Special Air Mission Fleet, C. Grant Mcvicker Iii, Michael T. Roche

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to develop a cost estimating model which would allow cost estimators the ability to quickly and accurately estimate the acquisition of Air Force Special Air Mission fleet aircraft. The literature review revealed studies, government contracts, and trade publications which served as source data. This information was supplemented by interviews with acquisition specialists and contractors and incorporated into a database. Several estimating techniques were created and used to estimate the various cost elements. The Commercial Aircraft Integrated Cost Estimating Tool (CAICET) model was then developed to incorporate the estimating techniques with the database. This was …


Computer Simulation Study Of The Joint Deployment Of The 23rd Wing And 82nd Airborne Division From Pope Air Force Base, John B. Prechtel, Mark S. Wingreen Sep 1993

Computer Simulation Study Of The Joint Deployment Of The 23rd Wing And 82nd Airborne Division From Pope Air Force Base, John B. Prechtel, Mark S. Wingreen

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis produced a model of the Army airdrop segment of the Pope AFB deployment system. The original intent was to model the entire system and simulate the simultaneous deployment of the 23rd Wing and 82nd Airborne Division; however, time constraints and incomplete data forced a reduction in scope. The study provides an excellent foundation for further research into the use of simulation to develop a generalized deployment sizing model. The airdrop segment of the system was modeled using the researcher's personal observations of the system, the expertise of personnel who work within the system, and documentation of the problems …


Guidance For The Development Of Air Force Storm Water Sampling Programs, Jerry K. Weldon Iii, Roy T. Willis Sep 1993

Guidance For The Development Of Air Force Storm Water Sampling Programs, Jerry K. Weldon Iii, Roy T. Willis

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to develop sampling guidance that will enable Air Force (AF) installations to conduct cost effective storm water sampling in accordance with current storm water regulations. Data on the techniques used by AF bases to obtain storm water samples for the AF group storm water permit application were collected and analyzed. This information was used to outline management and resource requirements associated with the implementation of NPDES storm water regulations. The use of in-house personnel, automatic sampling equipment, or a contractor to perform the field data collection was examined. An in-house manual approach to storm …


Photoluminescence Spectroscopy Of Zinc Germanium Diphosphide (Zngep2), Jack E. Mccrae Sep 1993

Photoluminescence Spectroscopy Of Zinc Germanium Diphosphide (Zngep2), Jack E. Mccrae

Theses and Dissertations

Zinc germanium diphosphide (ZnGeP2) is a chalcopyrite semiconductor with strong nonlinear optical properties and potential application to Air Force interests. The characteristics of this material have been studied using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The PL spectrum is dominated by transitions from the conduction band to a deep acceptor level, and features in the spectrum suggest that more than one transition is being observed. The PL is partially polarized, and the degree of polarization appears to differ for each feature in the spectrum. The relative PL intensity of these features are seen to depend upon the wavelength of the excitation …


Investigation Of The Sensitivity, Selectivity, And Reversibility Of The Chemically-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (Chemfet) To Detect Nitrogen Dioxide, Dimethyl Methylphosphonate, And Boron Trifluoride, Neal T. Hauschild Sep 1993

Investigation Of The Sensitivity, Selectivity, And Reversibility Of The Chemically-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (Chemfet) To Detect Nitrogen Dioxide, Dimethyl Methylphosphonate, And Boron Trifluoride, Neal T. Hauschild

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the sensitivity, selectivity, and reversibility of a chemically-sensitive field-effect transistor (CHEMFET) gas microsensor. Various physical operating parameters were tested to determine which produced the most significant sensitivity, selectivity, and reversibility which were computed from response changes generated from electrical conductivity modulations when exposed to challenge gases. The variable operating parameters included: thinfilm material, film thickness, challenge gas specie, challenge gas concentration, and operating temperature. Copper phthalocyanine and lead phthalocyanine were used as thin films to detect the following challenge gases: nitrogen dioxide, dimethyl methylphosphonate, boron trifluoride, methanol, carbon monoxide, vinyl chloride, and trichloroethylene. Tests revealed that copper …


Evaluation Of The Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Standard For Cleanup Of Petroleum Contaminated Sites, Rick A. Blaisdell, Mark E. Smallwood Sep 1993

Evaluation Of The Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Standard For Cleanup Of Petroleum Contaminated Sites, Rick A. Blaisdell, Mark E. Smallwood

Theses and Dissertations

This study evaluated the TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) cleanup standard for petroleum contaminated soils (PCS). A survey of 13 state regulators was performed to characterize current standards and regulatory viewpoints on the use of a TPH versus a BTEX cleanup standard. The regulatory community considers the BTEX constituents the greatest threat to groundwater, yet expressed concern that the use of a compound specific standard, without an accompanying analysis for TPH, might result in residual soil contamination that may present risk. This study also evaluated the ratio of BTEX TPH in soil over time. Based on JP-4 contaminated site soil data, …


A Refinement Of Risk Analysis Procedures For Trichloroethylene Through The Use Of Monte Carlo Method In Conjunction With Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling, William J. Cronin Iv, Eric J. Oswald Sep 1993

A Refinement Of Risk Analysis Procedures For Trichloroethylene Through The Use Of Monte Carlo Method In Conjunction With Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling, William J. Cronin Iv, Eric J. Oswald

Theses and Dissertations

This study refines risk analysis procedures for trichloroethylene (TCE) using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model in conjunction with the Monte Carlo method. The Monte Carlo method is used to generate random sets of model parameters, based on the mean, variance, and distribution types. The procedure generates a range of exposure values for human excess lifetime cancer risk of lxl0 (exp-6), based on the upper and lower bounds and the mean of a 95% confidence interval. Risk ranges were produced for both ingestion and inhalation exposures. Results are presented in a graphical format to reduce reliance on qualitative discussions of …


Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling Of Percutaneously Absorbed Dibromomethane Utilizing Multiple Dermal Sub-Compartments, Christopher R. Mcdaniel Sep 1993

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling Of Percutaneously Absorbed Dibromomethane Utilizing Multiple Dermal Sub-Compartments, Christopher R. Mcdaniel

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this study was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model that predicts mammalian blood concentrations of dibromomethane following exposure by dermal absorption more accurately than a previously developed Homogeneous Dermal Model. The Homogeneous Dermal Model contains a dermal compartment with no dermal sub-compartments. The 1:1 Dermal Model developed in this research contains a dermal compartment with a stratum corneum and a composite dermal sub-compartment of equal volume. This model yields predictions which are 21.4 percent more accurate than the original homogeneous model. In order to represent skin anatomy more accurately, the 1:10 Dermal Model variation was …


An Analysis Of Site Parameters Affecting Natural Attenuation In Saturated Soil, William H. Potts Sep 1993

An Analysis Of Site Parameters Affecting Natural Attenuation In Saturated Soil, William H. Potts

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the natural attenuation mechanisms and some of the parameters affecting those mechanisms in the saturated zone. A literature search revealed numerous studies of various attenuation and the associated parameters. Much of the literature emphasized biodegradation as the most promising attenuation mechanism. BIOPLUME II(TM), a fate and transport model, was used to simulate the fate and transport of contaminant plume. The effects of the model parameters were investigated by observing the distance a contaminant plume was expected to migrate over a fifty year period. The investigation was limited by the model which excludes chemical reactions and some physical …


Vadose Zone Contamination Measurement And Modeling, Thomas A. Reeder Sep 1993

Vadose Zone Contamination Measurement And Modeling, Thomas A. Reeder

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis investigated the effects of the slow sorption mechanism on the transport of volatile organic contaminants in the vadose zone. Recent research has shown that slow sorption may have a significant impact on the transport of volatile organic compounds in the subsurface. Specifically, this document examined the effects of slow sorption on the Vapor Extraction System (VES) and the Purge and Trap Measurement System. It was found that the slow sorption of organic molecules on soil may profoundly influence the efficiency of VES and purge and trap. In addition, this thesis investigated possible alternatives to purge and trap, including …


Development Of A Cost-Effectiveness Methodology To Prioritize Environmental Mitigation Projects, Robert E. Thompson Sep 1993

Development Of A Cost-Effectiveness Methodology To Prioritize Environmental Mitigation Projects, Robert E. Thompson

Theses and Dissertations

A cost-effectiveness prioritization methodology was developed using concepts from the cost-effectiveness technique. The new methodology called the Cost-Effectiveness methodology (CEM) allows the prioritization of mitigation projects across broad categories of hazardous sites as would be ranked among the offices of the Environmental Protection Agency. Two performance criteria were incorporated into the process--rank projects that save the most lives per dollar and enhance general applicability across different categories of risk. A metric was developed that represents the ratio of lives saved per dollar spent on mitigation alternatives of contaminated environmental sites. This metric was incorporated into the CEM to distinguish mitigation …


A Plan For Coordinating Department Of Defense Emissions Trading, Charles H. Weir Sep 1993

A Plan For Coordinating Department Of Defense Emissions Trading, Charles H. Weir

Theses and Dissertations

The original purpose of this research was to develop a plan to coordinate emissions trading between DoD installations. During the course of this research, findings indicated that restrictions on emissions trading would make such a plan of limited applicability. However, findings did indicate the need for a tool to assist managers with selecting the netting, offset, and banking emissions trading alternatives. Developing this tool became the objective of this research. This objective was fulfilled by developing a management guide to assist environmental managers with selecting the emissions trading alternatives netting, banking, and offsets. Background information was collected by examining literature …


A Parametric Regression Of The Cost Of Base Realignment Action (Cobra) Model, Douglas D. Hardman, Michael S. Nelson Sep 1993

A Parametric Regression Of The Cost Of Base Realignment Action (Cobra) Model, Douglas D. Hardman, Michael S. Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

This study develops a parametric model that is capable of generating accurate estimates of the costs to close Air Force installations. The new model is based upon, but much simpler to use than, the Cost of Base Realignment Action (COBRA) model. COBRA is an economic cost analysis model that requires a minimum of 250 inputs and as many as 700 inputs. The new parametric model requires just 10 input variables and was developed using least squares multiple regression. Comparison of the new parametric model to COBRA indicates that it captures 91 percent of the variance in cost estimates generated by …


Research And Development Project Selection Tools: Probing Wright Laboratory's Project Selection Methods And Decision Criteria Using The Lateral Airfoil Concept, James E. Barger Sep 1993

Research And Development Project Selection Tools: Probing Wright Laboratory's Project Selection Methods And Decision Criteria Using The Lateral Airfoil Concept, James E. Barger

Theses and Dissertations

This research accomplished three major tasks. First it examined familiarity and usage rates for fifteen published R&D project selection methods in the context of a larger general issue, the Air Force's ability to develop and exploit technology. Wright Laboratory served as the focus for the research effort and displayed a greater tendency to use formal methods in 1993 than was shown in prior research. The laboratory's overall preference for simpler models like Checklist, Scoring, and Sorting led to a recommendation that authors familiar with the other techniques communicate them in engineering and management vernacular. Secondly, the study introduced a technological …


The Effects Of Cognitive Style On The Learning Preferences Of Graduate School Students, Carey F. Tucker, John W. Underwood Sep 1993

The Effects Of Cognitive Style On The Learning Preferences Of Graduate School Students, Carey F. Tucker, John W. Underwood

Theses and Dissertations

This research establishes significant relationships between an individual's cognitive style, measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) , and the learning preferences of that individual, measured by the Learning Style Survey. The sample consisted of 529 Air Force Institute of Technology graduate students in the School of Systems and Logistics from 1988 to 1992, who completed four tests, pre- and post-tests of both the MBTI and the LSS. This research utilized Chi-Squared Goodness of Fit procedures, determining that some learning methods, techniques, and devices (MTDs) are most or least preferred by all four cognitive types, Sensing-Thinking, Sensing-Feeling, Intuitive-Thinking, and Intuitive-Feeling. …