Digital Commons Network^™

Payload-Aware Constrained Route Distribution For Ethernet Vpn Ip Prefix Routes, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

A payload-aware extension to route target constrained route distribution lets a router advertise both the route target it wants routes for and a descriptor of the payload it needs, such as one Internet Protocol version, the other, or both. The descriptor travels inside the route target membership advertisement, so it propagates as a route rather than a session capability and reaches distant originating routers across any number of route reflector tiers. A route reflector merges the descriptors of its clients by bitwise union into one request advertised upstream, and applies each client's descriptor as an outbound filter on routes sent …

Active Rf Privacy Guard For Detecting And Localizing Hidden Cameras Using Existing Wlan/Wwan Modules And Active Stimulus Response, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure relates to the field of radio-frequency sensing, wireless signal processing, and privacy protection. A technique is disclosed that reuses existing wireless local-area network (WLAN) and wireless wide-area network (WWAN) modules in a host electronic device to detect, verify, and localize potential hidden wireless cameras. The technique collects radio-frequency (RF) signal and traffic characteristics, identifies camera-like transmission behavior, and applies an active stimulus-response process in which the host device intentionally generates a known visual or audio stimulus and monitors whether nearby RF traffic changes in temporal correlation with that stimulus. This correlation helps verify whether a suspicious wireless transmitter …

Hardware-Rooted Integrity Attestation For Ai Agents, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

The proposal introduces a hardware-rooted integrity attestation framework for AI agents that enables a platform to verify that a live agent instance is genuine, untampered, and running in an approved execution state before it is trusted with sensitive actions. By measuring agent-specific artifacts such as binaries, models, plugins, policies, and runtime composition, and binding that measured state to a trusted platform identity and freshness evidence, the system enables real-time and continuous trust decisions for AI agents across physical and virtual environments. In some embodiments, the attestation pipeline is further strengthened using a hardware quantum entropy source to improve nonce generation, …

Semantic Evolution Of Biomedical Data Ecosystems Using Dependency Graphs, Soumendra Kumar Mishra

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure presents a framework for managing semantic evolution across biomedical data ecosystems using dependency graphs. Changes to terminologies, ontologies, information models, mappings, datasets, analytical features, and AI/ML assets are represented as typed semantic changes and propagated across their dependencies. The framework identifies affected artifacts, determines the semantic conditions that must be preserved, and selects the minimum set of transformations required to accommodate the change. Current and proposed semantic states are validated against consistent evaluation criteria to assess mapping consistency, feature compatibility, model dependencies, and traceability. When validation succeeds, the proposed state is released with supporting evidence. When validation does …

Pharmaceutical Compositions Of Nirogacestat Hydrobromide, Msn Laboratories Private Limited, R&D Center, Srinivasan Thirumalai Rajan, Ravi Kumar Nithiyanandam

Defensive Publications Series

The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising Nirogacestat or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The structure of Nirogacestat is shown below

One-Tap Emoji Actions On Chat Messages, Qiujun Zhao

Defensive Publications Series

A system is described herein that turns an emoji reaction on a chat message into a no-typing instruction to an artificial intelligence (AI) agent while preserving the emoji's ordinary emotional use. A quick tap adds the normal reaction, whereas a press-and-hold, or an equivalent action affordance, causes the AI agent to read the reacted message and its context, interpret the emoji intent, and select a concrete action suited to the content. The same emoji can therefore troubleshoot an error in one message and fact-check a claim in another. When the confidence score satisfies a configurable threshold, the action runs automatically …

Invisible Anchor Document Augmentation, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

Printed pages can be linked to videos, explanations, translations, and interactive controls without adding a visible code or marker to the page. The system described here identifies a page from its own words and layout, looks up digital attachment points stored as fractions of the page width and height, and projects those points into a live camera image. Because the attachment points are independent of pixels, they remain aligned when the page is printed at a different size, rotated, or viewed at an angle. A staged recognition process first uses recognized text, then page layout, and finally the overall visual …

Robust Nozzle Calibration For Homogeneous Line Printing, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

Current ground-printing technology uses a printhead equipped with nozzles to deposit ink onto a surface. Several printhead parameters, such as pressure and firing frequency, can be configured, directly influencing the printing result and image quality. Printing line weight is one outcome of this configuration and is particularly relevant for ground-printing robots, whose primary purpose is the printing of construction layouts on the floor. However, line weight may vary depending on environmental conditions, printhead lifecycle and health, floor substrate characteristics, and other operational factors. These sources of variability can make it difficult to achieve a consistent printed output across different deployment …

Improving Web Accessibility Using On-Device Models, Gudipati Tarun

Defensive Publications Series

Modern web environments typically present navigation barriers for assistive technologies when web content lacks explicit programmatic semantics. A system can utilize an intermediating browser layer configured to execute a multimodal edge machine learning model entirely on a device of a user. The system may scan Document Object Model (DOM) structures to extract layout contexts and generate synthesized structural attributes. The generated attributes can be dynamically injected into an accessibility tree of a browser. Such an approach may enable real-time local remediation of interactive elements, embedded frames, tabular data, and visual media without communicating information to a remote server, thereby preserving …

Spatial Management And Visualization Of Digital Agents Within A Mixed Reality Environment, Jason Mayes

Defensive Publications Series

Orchestrating a digital agent typically relies on a software interface and a two-dimensional graphical user interface, making it difficult to visualize a current state or a process of the digital agent. A disclosed system may be configured to manage and visualize a digital agent within a mixed reality environment. The system may present a visual representation of the digital agent, such as an avatar, an abstract process indicator, or a branded entity, positioned at a spatial location within a physical space. Additionally, the system can project a virtual screen or a visual indicator into the physical environment to display data …

Identification Of Impurities In Capivasertib, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

The present publication relates to the identification of impurities in Capivasertib, chemically known as 4-amino-N-[(1S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl]-1-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4-yl) piperidine-4-carboxamide, represented by Formula I

The Predictive Scoring For Dynamic Payment Routing And User Interface Adaptation, Sree Sitamahalakshmi Moguluru

Defensive Publications Series

In the field of digital payment processing, transaction routing systems can operate reactively by identifying performance degradation within a payment processor's network after user transactions have failed. A predictive payment orchestration framework can utilize a machine learning inference engine to generate a real-time authorization probability score for a transaction across multiple available payment processors. This score can be calculated using real-time telemetry signals from the processors and the specific metadata of the pending transaction. Based on the calculated scores, an execution engine can dynamically route the payment to a selected processor or signal a user-facing interface (e.g., a web application, …

Dataless Communication Protocol, Amartya Koner

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to data communication, and in particular to exchanging information between computerized systems using a dataless communication protocol. A community of financial institutions agree to adopt the dataless communication protocol and receive a dataless communication black box, which causes a local database to be created at each financial institution for storing data and corresponding offsets. A leader financial institution is periodically selected from among the community by way of a leader selection process, and selects a base offset and a frequency for changing the base offset, which are distributed to the community as schema updates and interval …

Solar Panel Using 3 Phase Splitter Systems For 21.28% Return, Having Resolved The Physical Degradation Problem That Plagues Almost All High-Efficiency Solar Architectures, Peter Stevenson

Defensive Publications Series

The Micro-Series Solar Splitter is a passive, solid-state, wavelength-sorting solar energy capture architecture. The system avoids traditional vertical material stacking to eliminate color confusion, cross-absorption, and thermal degradation. By combining non-imaging micro-optical funnels with a horizontal, color-matched semiconductor mosaic, the architecture optimizes the total solar energy budget across the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared (IR) spectrums.

The Cascading Gravity-Fed Nanoscopic Asymmetric Displacement Filter With Self-Priming Discard Protocol, Peter Stevenson

Defensive Publications Series

A gravity fed water filtration system to obtain clean potable water from sea water that requires no consumables or osmosis

Trust-Validated Recovery Of Network Interface Hardware Addresses, Vipin Nagar, Sarathy Venkatakrishnan

Defensive Publications Series

A system is proposed herein for allowing a network interface controller (NIC) to self-heal its media access control (MAC) address in the field safely and only when recovery is warranted. The system operates without an operator or manufacturing tooling and can avoid return merchandise authorization (RMA). When a root of trust (RoT)-anchored authoritative source is used, the system provides a tamper-evident basis for the true MAC address.

Generating Content With Cryptographically Verifiable Atomic Facts, Sandeep Kumar

Defensive Publications Series

Systems and methods are described that can use a decoupled architecture to separate data generation from data presentation. A data generation layer can extract atomic facts from source documents and apply a per-value cryptographic token to each fact, creating a verifiable link to its origin using, for example, hashes and digital signatures. A verifiable presentation layer can then use a gatekeeper mechanism to cryptographically validate each fact's token before rendering the fact. This approach can enable granular, per-fact verification at the point of presentation, which may reduce the likelihood of displaying unverified data.

Intelligent Universal Power Connection Fabric For Dynamic Datacenter Rack Deployment, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

An intelligent DC power connection fabric integrates into datacenter infrastructure as a network of high-density smart nodes arranged in a floor or overhead grid. A hardware rack connects to the nearest smart node, and the system automatically senses the rack’s specific power requirements, including voltage, amperage, and phase. The system then negotiates a safe power delivery profile and dynamically routes the corresponding power configuration to that node. This process occurs without manual physical re-wiring, which decouples hardware placement from fixed electrical outlet specifications. This flexible deployment for racks with diverse power needs reduces deployment delays and stranded capacity within the …

A Transactional Provenance Framework For Causal And Counterfactual Debugging In Multi-Agent Ai Systems, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

Multi-agent AI systems are increasingly used to perform complex, high-impact tasks by coordinating multiple autonomous or semi-autonomous agents with distinct roles such as planning, execution, validation, safety enforcement, and tool invocation. While such systems offer significant flexibility and scalability, their distributed and emergent behavior makes them difficult to understand, debug, and govern, particularly when failures manifest as subtle misbehavior rather than explicit errors.

The proposal presents a transactional provenance framework for causal and counterfactual debugging in multi-agent AI systems. The framework captures the evolution of a multi-agent system as a set of verifiable, causally linked transactions that record agent state …

The Progressive Message Creation Methodology That Will Progressively Load The Progressively Created Message Onto The Progressively Message Receiving Computer Utilizing Computer Networks Where The Progressively Message Receiving Computer Will Only Effectively Perceivably Receive The Fully Completed Message Only When The Progressively Message Created Computer Trigger The View Message Button., Punarjeewa Abeysekera

Defensive Publications Series

This paper describes a progressive message creation methodology that will progressively load the progressively created message onto the progressively message receiving computer utilizing computer networks where the progressively message receiving computer will only effectively perceivably receive the fully completed message only when the progressively message created computer trigger the view message button. The computer that will progressively create the required message will progressively create the message by progressively inputting the required letters and symbols utilizing a progressive input methodology. And each time the computer that will progressively create the required message progressively input a letter or a symbol, the progressively …

Copper-Core Gradient Memristor With Nested 81 Magnetic Bias — Crescendo Learning Without Torture, David Lee Wise, Avan Lee Wise

Defensive Publications Series

We present a bench-reproducible copper-core memristor that uses an 81-step nested magnetic gradient as a bias ladder to achieve incremental, analog conductance states without high-voltage forming torture. The device combines a Cu/Cu2S or Cu/HfO2 filament junction (Sapphon Core 1) with a surrounding 2x1x2 -++- quadrupole base expanded to 81 magnets (48 outer weak + 24 middle + 9 inner strong) in equal spacing but gradient strength (0.5 mT → 8 mT). Combined with a Quad Cortex architecture (Cortex A Ethos, B Logos, D Pathos, C Mythos cross-tethered) and Hall sensor at null-field, the device learns as a crescendo: 0 → …

Comparative Antibacterial Efficacy Of Hot Vs. Cold Aqueous Saussurea Costus Root Extracts Against Streptococcus Mutans, Fatima Adil Mohammed Hussien, Ahlam Taha Mohammed

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The present in vitro study assessed the antibacterial efficacy of aqueous root extracts prepared using hot and cold extraction methods of Saussurea costus against Streptococcus mutans isolates. Based on antibacterial screening results, the hot extract, which demonstrated greater antibacterial activity, was selected for subsequent cytotoxicity assessment. Cold and hot aqueous extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening, and phenolic acids and flavonoids were quantitatively assessed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated using a resazurin-based microdilution technique to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration, followed by subculture to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration, and an agar well diffusion assay. Cytotoxicity of …

Liberal-Progressive Education Discourse: The Dynamics Of Practice And Agency In Contemporary Thai Education, Omsin Jatuporn

Journal of Education Studies

Critical education research in Thailand has accumulated substantial knowledge about ideological reproduction mechanisms, yet a theoretical gap remains in explaining the dynamics of teacher and student agency and everyday negotiation. This article pursues two objectives: first, to critically examine liberal-progressive education discourse and structuralist critical education frameworks shaping Thai education reform, highlighting limitations of approaches that view schooling merely as ideological reproduction and educational culture as rigidly authoritarian; second, to reconstruct new possibilities for critical education in Thailand through alternative theoretical frameworks that recognize teacher and student agency. The discussion points are presented based on four Thai educational studies that …

Enhancing The Ability To Construct Scientific Explanations Among 7th-Grade Students Using A Diagram-Based Scientific Explanation Learning Model With Scaffolding Techniques, Kanchana Yongdee, Chaninan Pruekpramool

Journal of Education Studies

Previous instructional approaches have effectively developed the claim and evidence components of students’ ability to construct scientific explanations. However, the reasoning component remains unclear. This convergent parallel mixed-methods research aimed 1) to study seventh-grade students’ level of ability to construct scientific explanations during learning using the diagram-based scientific explanation learning model with scaffolding techniques, and 2) to study seventh-grade students’ level of ability to construct scientific explanations after learning. The target group consisted of 32 seventh-grade students from a school under the Office of Secondary Education Service Area in Kanchanaburi Province, selected through purposive sampling. Research instruments for collecting data …

Effects Of Flipped Task-Based Learning On Grammatical Achievement And Learners’ Perceptions Among Pre-Service Efl Teachers, Phayao Nusen

Journal of Education Studies

This study aims 1) to compare the English grammatical achievement of students taught through flipped task-based learning and that of students taught through communicative language teaching, and   2) to examine learners’ perceptions of flipped task-based learning. The research employed a quasi-experimental design. The samples were 60 first-year undergraduates majoring in English Education at a public university, divided into an experimental group and a control group. The researcher assessed the students’ technological readiness and then divided them into the experimental group and the control group. There were 30 students in each group. The research instruments were 1) learning management plans, 2) …

Guidelines For Inclusive Education Management For Students With Special Needs At Secondary Level In Physical Education, Nuttapad Sornprasan, Piyanan Jooronsiriphong, Suthana Tingsabhat

Journal of Education Studies

This research aimed to 1) examine the conditions and problems of inclusive physical education management for students with special needs at the secondary school level, and 2) propose appropriate guidelines for inclusive physical education management for students with special needs in secondary schools. Samples were 95 schools, the informants consisted of 3 groups, including heads of the Health and Physical Education Department, physical education teachers, and special education teachers. Multi-stage sampling and stratified sampling based on the four geographical regions of Thailand were used to recruit the samples. The research instrument was a questionnaire concerning inclusive physical education management for …

Forecasting Trends In Educational Measurement And Assessment Topics In The Ai Era : Text Mining Analysis With Bayesian Multilevel Piecewise Regression Model, Siwachoat Srisuttiyakorn, Kanit Sriklaub, Yotsawee Saifah

Journal of Education Studies

This study aimed to 1) identify latent research topics in educational measurement and evaluation from academic databases covering the years 2008–2025 using Structural Topic Modeling (STM), 2) analyze topic prevalence trends and forecast their growth trajectories for 2027 using Bayesian Multilevel Piecewise Regression (BMPR), and 3) synthesize strategic research themes from the topic classification and forecasting results. The dataset consisted of 1,695 research articles from the proceedings of three international conferences. The data were processed to extract 10,858 standardized keywords and key phrases, which were then analyzed using STM to identify latent research topics. Topic labeling and interpretation were conducted …

Editorial Vol. 54 Issue 2, ศูนย์นวัตกรรมทางการศึกษา สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์ และสื่อออนไลน์ จุฬาฯ

Journal of Education Studies

No abstract provided.

Cover Vol. 54 Issue 2, ศูนย์นวัตกรรมทางการศึกษา สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์ และสื่อออนไลน์ จุฬาฯ

Journal of Education Studies

No abstract provided.

Holding The Line: Teacher Resilience And Engagement In Myanmar’S Conflict-Affected, Non-State Schools, Lugyi No, Hilary Lustick

Journal of Education Studies

This qualitative study explores teacher resilience, professional engagement, and informal leadership in community-led schools located in conflict-affected areas of Myanmar. The study draws on two online focus group discussions with 14 high school teachers selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument was a semi-structured focus group discussion protocol. The discussions were conducted in the Myanmar language, and the data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The findings indicate that teachers sustain resilience through moral purpose, professional commitment, and strong relational ties with students, peers, and local communities. In the absence of formal governance structures, teachers assume informal leadership roles by …