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Articles 10801 - 10830 of 12864
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
A Diagnostic Test For The Mixing Distribution In A Generalised Linear Mixed Model, Eric J. Tchetgen, Brent A. Coull
A Diagnostic Test For The Mixing Distribution In A Generalised Linear Mixed Model, Eric J. Tchetgen, Brent A. Coull
Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series
We introduce a diagnostic test for the mixing distribution in a generalised linear mixed model. The test is based on the difference between the marginal maximum likelihood and conditional maximum likelihood estimates of a subset of the fixed effects in the model. We derive the asymptotic variance of this difference, and propose a test statistic that has a limiting chi-square distribution under the null hypothesis that the mixing distribution is correctly specified. For the important special case of the logistic regression model with random intercepts, we evaluate via simulation the power of the test in finite samples under several alternative …
Evaluating The Predictiveness Of A Continuous Marker, Ying Huang, Margaret S. Pepe, Ziding Feng
Evaluating The Predictiveness Of A Continuous Marker, Ying Huang, Margaret S. Pepe, Ziding Feng
UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series
Consider a continuous marker for predicting a binary outcome. For example, serum concentration of prostate specific antigen (PSA) may be used to calculate the risk of finding prostate cancer in a biopsy. In this paper we argue that the predictive capacity of a marker has to do with the population distribution of risk given the marker and suggest a graphical tool, the predictiveness curve, that displays this distribution. The display provides a common meaningful scale for comparing markers that may not be comparable on their original scales. Some existing measures of predictiveness are shown to be summary indices derived from …
Optimization Of A Multi-Echelon Repair System Via Generalized Pattern Search With Ranking And Selection: A Computational Study, Derek D. Tharaldson
Optimization Of A Multi-Echelon Repair System Via Generalized Pattern Search With Ranking And Selection: A Computational Study, Derek D. Tharaldson
Theses and Dissertations
With increasing developments in computer technology and available software, simulation is becoming a widely used tool to model, analyze, and improve a real world system or process. However, simulation in itself is not an optimization approach. Common optimization procedures require either an explicit mathematical formulation or numerous function evaluations at improving iterative points. Mathematical formulation is generally impossible for problems where simulation is relevant, which are characteristically the types of problems that arise in practical applications. Further complicating matters is the variability in the simulation response which can cause problems in iterative techniques using the simulation model as a function …
Significant Association Between Punitive And Compensatory Damages In Blockbuster Cases: A Methodological Primer, Theodore Eisenberg, Martin T. Wells
Significant Association Between Punitive And Compensatory Damages In Blockbuster Cases: A Methodological Primer, Theodore Eisenberg, Martin T. Wells
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
This article assesses the relation between punitive and compensatory damages in a data set, gathered by Hersch and Viscusi (H-V), consisting of all known punitive damages awards in excess of $100 million from 1985 through 2003. It shows that a strong, statistically significant relation exists between punitive and compensatory awards, a relation that replicates similar findings in nearly all other analyses of punitive and compensatory damages. H-V's claim that no significant relation exists between punitive and compensatory awards in these data appears to be an artifact of questionable regression methodology.
Different Public Health Interventions Have Varying Effects, Paula Diehr, Anne B. Newman, Liming Cai, Ann Derleth
Different Public Health Interventions Have Varying Effects, Paula Diehr, Anne B. Newman, Liming Cai, Ann Derleth
UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series
Objective: To compare performance of one-time health interventions to those that change the probability of transitioning from one health state to another. Study Design and Setting: We used multi-state life table methods to estimate the impact of eight types of interventions on several outcomes. Results: In a cohort beginning at age 65, curing all the sick persons at baseline would increase life expectancy by 0.23 years and increase years of healthy life by .54 years. An equal amount of improvement could be obtained with a 12% decrease in the probability of getting sick, a 16% increase in the probability of …
Survival Analysis Methods In Genetic Epidemiology, Hongzhe Li
Survival Analysis Methods In Genetic Epidemiology, Hongzhe Li
UPenn Biostatistics Working Papers
Mapping genes for complex human diseases is a challenging problem due to the fact that many such diseases are due to both genetic and enviromental risk factors and many also exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity, such as variable age of onset. Information on variable age of disease onset is often a good indicator for disease heterogeneity and incorporation of such information together with enviromental risk factors into genetic analysis should lead to more powerful tests for genetic analysis. Due to the problem of censoring, survival analysis methods have proved to be very useful for genetic analysis. In this paper, I review some …
On The Violation Of Bounds For The Correlation In Generalized Estimating Equation Analyses Of Binary Data From Longitudinal Trials, Justine Shults, Wenguang Sun, Xin Tu, Jay Amsterdam
On The Violation Of Bounds For The Correlation In Generalized Estimating Equation Analyses Of Binary Data From Longitudinal Trials, Justine Shults, Wenguang Sun, Xin Tu, Jay Amsterdam
UPenn Biostatistics Working Papers
It is well-known that the correlation among binary outcomes is constrained by the marginal means, yet approaches such as generalized estimating equations (GEE) do not check that the constraints for the correlations are satisfied. We explore this issue for Markovian dependence in the context of a GEE analysis of a clinical trial that compares Venlafaxine with Lithium in the prevention of major depressive episode. We obtain simplified expressions for the constraints for the logistic model and the equicorrelated and first-order autoregressive correlation structures. We then obtain the limiting values of the GEE and quasi-least squares (QLS) estimates of the correlation …
Comparing The Predictive Values Of Diagnostic Tests: Sample Size And Analysis For Paired Study Designs, Chaya S. Moskowitz, Margaret S. Pepe
Comparing The Predictive Values Of Diagnostic Tests: Sample Size And Analysis For Paired Study Designs, Chaya S. Moskowitz, Margaret S. Pepe
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Dept. of Epidemiology & Biostatistics Working Paper Series
In this paper we consider the design and analysis of studies comparing the positive and negative predictive values of two diagnostic tests that are measured on all subjects. Although statistical methodology is well developed for comparing diagnostic tests in terms of their sensitivities and specificities, comparative inference about predictive values is not. We derive analytic variance expressions for the relative predictive values. Sample size formulas for study design ensue. In addition, two new methods for analyzing the resulting data are presented and compared with an existing marginal regression methodology.
Regression Analysis For The Partial Area Under The Roc Curve, Tianxi Cai, Lori E. Dodd
Regression Analysis For The Partial Area Under The Roc Curve, Tianxi Cai, Lori E. Dodd
Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series
No abstract provided.
Gpnn: Power Studies And Applications Of A Neural Network Method For Detecting Gene-Gene Interactions In Studies Of Human Disease, Alison A. Motsinger, Stephen L. Lee, George Mellick, Marylyn D. Ritchie
Gpnn: Power Studies And Applications Of A Neural Network Method For Detecting Gene-Gene Interactions In Studies Of Human Disease, Alison A. Motsinger, Stephen L. Lee, George Mellick, Marylyn D. Ritchie
Dartmouth Scholarship
The identification and characterization of genes that influence the risk of common, complex multifactorial disease primarily through interactions with other genes and environmental factors remains a statistical and computational challenge in genetic epidemiology. We have previously introduced a genetic programming optimized neural network (GPNN) as a method for optimizing the architecture of a neural network to improve the identification of gene combinations associated with disease risk. The goal of this study was to evaluate the power of GPNN for identifying high-order gene-gene interactions. We were also interested in applying GPNN to a real data analysis in Parkinson's disease.
Use Of Unbiased Estimating Equations To Estimate Correlation In Generalized Estimating Equation Analysis Of Longitudinal Trials, Wenguang Sun, Justine Shults, Mary Leonard
Use Of Unbiased Estimating Equations To Estimate Correlation In Generalized Estimating Equation Analysis Of Longitudinal Trials, Wenguang Sun, Justine Shults, Mary Leonard
UPenn Biostatistics Working Papers
In a recent publication, Wang and Carey (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 99, pp. 845-853, 2004) presented a new approach for estimation of the correlation parameters in the framework of generalized estimating equations (GEE). They considered correlated continuous, binary and count data with a generalized Markov correlation structure that includes the first-order autoregressive AR(1) and Markov structures as special cases. They made detailed comparisons with pseudo-likelihood (PL) and the first stage of quasi-least squares (QLS), a two-stage approach in the framework of generalized estimating equations (GEE). In this note we extend their comparisons for the second (bias corrected) stage …
Correlating Factors Between Student Participation And Student Learning Via A Service Learning Project In Secondary Education: A Case Study, Shawn V. Jensen
Correlating Factors Between Student Participation And Student Learning Via A Service Learning Project In Secondary Education: A Case Study, Shawn V. Jensen
Theses and Dissertations
In this study a service-learning project was conducted with secondary students in a construction technology based course. Three research questions were considered; (1) does service learning projects help to engage student participation, (2) can students learn the course curriculum while participating in a service learning project, and (3) is there a correlation between student participation and student learning as it pertains to service learning projects? The data was collected through surveys, observations, interviews, and evaluations. The researcher concluded the following from the study; 92% of the students were actively participating in the two week service project, 76% of the students …
Case-Cohort Methods For Survival Data On Families From Routine Registers, Tron Anders Moger, Yudi Pawitan, Ørnulf Borgan
Case-Cohort Methods For Survival Data On Families From Routine Registers, Tron Anders Moger, Yudi Pawitan, Ørnulf Borgan
UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series
In the Nordic countries, there exist several registers containing information on diseases and risk factors for millions of individuals. This information can be linked into families by use of personal identification numbers, and represent a great opportunity for studying diseases that show familial aggregation. Due to the size of the registers, it is difficult to analyze the data by using traditional methods for multivariate survival analysis, such as frailty or copula models. Since the size of the cohort is known, case-cohort methods based on pseudo-likelihoods are suitable for analyzing the data. We present methods for sampling control families both with …
Comparison Of Haplotype-Based And Tree-Based Snp Imputation In Association Studies, James Y. Dai, Ingo Ruczinski, Michael Leblanc, Charles Kooperberg
Comparison Of Haplotype-Based And Tree-Based Snp Imputation In Association Studies, James Y. Dai, Ingo Ruczinski, Michael Leblanc, Charles Kooperberg
UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series
Missing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are quite common in genetic association studies. Subjects with missing SNPs are often discarded in analyses, which may seriously undermine the inference of SNP-disease association. In this article, we compare two haplotype-based imputation approaches and one regression tree-based imputation approach for association studies. The goal is to assess the imputation accuracy, and to evaluate the impact of imputation on parameter estimation. Haplotype-based approaches build on haplotype reconstruction by the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm or a weighted EM (WEM) algorithm, depending on whether case-control status is taken into account. The tree-based approach uses a Gibbs sampler to …
On Self-Adjoint And J-Self-Adjoint Dirac-Type Operators: A Case Study, Stephen L. Clark, Fritz Gesztesy
On Self-Adjoint And J-Self-Adjoint Dirac-Type Operators: A Case Study, Stephen L. Clark, Fritz Gesztesy
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We provide a comparative treatment of some aspects of spectral theory for self-adjoint and non-self-adjoint (but J-self-adjoint) Dirac-type operators connected with the defocusing and focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation, of relevance to nonlinear optics. In addition to a study of Dirac and Hamiltonian systems, we also introduce the concept of Weyl-Titchmarsh half-line m-coefficients (and 2 × 2 matrix-valued M-matrices) in the non-self-adjoint context and derive some of their basic properties. We conclude with an illustrative example showing that crossing spectral arcs in the non-self-adjoint context imply the blowup of the norm of spectral projections in the limit where the crossing point …
Multiple Lebesgue Integration On Time Scales, Gusein Sh. Guseinov, Martin Bohner
Multiple Lebesgue Integration On Time Scales, Gusein Sh. Guseinov, Martin Bohner
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We study the process of multiple Lebesgue integration on time scales. The relationship of the Riemann and the Lebesgue multiple integrals is investigated.
Singular Second-Order Multipoint Dynamic Boundary Value Problems With Mixed Derivatives, Hua Luo, Martin Bohner
Singular Second-Order Multipoint Dynamic Boundary Value Problems With Mixed Derivatives, Hua Luo, Martin Bohner
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We study a certain singular second-order m-point boundary value problem on a time scale and establish the existence of a solution. The proof of our main result is based upon the Leray-Schauder continuation theorem.
Modeling Of Bioinspired Sensors For Flow Separation Detection For Micro Air Vehicles, Belinda A. Batten, John R. Singler, Benjamin T. Dickinson
Modeling Of Bioinspired Sensors For Flow Separation Detection For Micro Air Vehicles, Belinda A. Batten, John R. Singler, Benjamin T. Dickinson
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Autonomous micro air vehicle (MAV) flight faces inherent stability challenges. One challenge is controlling flow separation over the airfoil and an autonomous control system for MAV flight may be enhanced with closed loop separation control. In this work, we focus on modeling biologically inspired hair cell sensors for future flow control applications. We model the sensor output and present examples and numerical results.
Feedback Control Of Low Dimensional Models Of Transition To Turbulence, John A. Burns, John R. Singler
Feedback Control Of Low Dimensional Models Of Transition To Turbulence, John A. Burns, John R. Singler
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works
The problem of controlling or delaying transition to turbulence in shear flows has been the subject of numerous papers over the past twenty years. This period has seen the development of several low dimensional models for parallel shear flows in an attempt to explain the failure of classical linear hydrodynamic stability theory to correctly predict transition. In recent years, ideas from robust control theory have been employed to attack this problem. In this paper we use these models to develop a scenario for transition that employs both classical bifurcation theory and robust control theory. In addition, we present numerical results …
The Poweratlas: A Power And Sample Size Atlas For Microarray Experimental Design And Research, Grier P. Page, Jode W. Edwards, Gary L. Gadbury, Prashanth Yelisetti, Jelai Wang, Prinal Trivedi, David B. Allison
The Poweratlas: A Power And Sample Size Atlas For Microarray Experimental Design And Research, Grier P. Page, Jode W. Edwards, Gary L. Gadbury, Prashanth Yelisetti, Jelai Wang, Prinal Trivedi, David B. Allison
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Microarrays permit biologists to simultaneously measure the mRNA abundance of thousands of genes. An important issue facing investigators planning microarray experiments is how to estimate the sample size required for good statistical power. What is the projected sample size or number of replicate chips needed to address the multiple hypotheses with acceptable accuracy? Statistical methods exist for calculating power based upon a single hypothesis, using estimates of the variability in data from pilot studies. There is, however, a need for methods to estimate power and/or required sample sizes in situations where multiple hypotheses are being tested, such as in microarray …
The Emergence Of Large-Scale Coherent Structure Under Small-Scale Random Bombardments, Andrew Majda, Xiaoming Wang
The Emergence Of Large-Scale Coherent Structure Under Small-Scale Random Bombardments, Andrew Majda, Xiaoming Wang
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We provide mathematical justification of the emergence of large-scale coherent structure in a two-dimensional fluid system under small-scale random bombardments with small forcing and appropriate scaling assumptions. the analysis shows that the large-scale structure emerging out of the small-scale random forcing is not the one predicted by equilibrium statistical mechanics. But the error is very small, which explains earlier successful prediction of the large-scale structure based on equilibrium statistical mechanics. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics Of Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensates And Its Efficient And Accurate Numerical Computation, Weizhu Bao, Qiang Du, Yanzhi Zhang
Dynamics Of Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensates And Its Efficient And Accurate Numerical Computation, Weizhu Bao, Qiang Du, Yanzhi Zhang
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works
In this paper, we study the dynamics of rotating Bose--Einstein condensates (BEC) based on the Gross--Pitaevskii equation (GPE) with an angular momentum rotation term and present an efficient and accurate algorithm for numerical simulations. We examine the conservation of the angular momentum expectation and the condensate width and analyze the dynamics of a stationary state with a shift in its center. By formulating the equation in either the two-dimensional polar coordinate system or the three-dimensional cylindrical coordinate system, the angular momentum rotation term becomes a term with constant coefficients. This allows us to develop an efficient time-splitting method which is …
The Hurwitz Zeta Function As A Convergent Series, Roman Dwilewicz, Jan Minac
The Hurwitz Zeta Function As A Convergent Series, Roman Dwilewicz, Jan Minac
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works
New series for the Hurwitz zeta function which converge on the whole plane, except s = 1, are developed. This is applied to obtain a remarkably simple evaluation of some special values of the function.
Impacts Of A Manure Composting Program On Stream Water Quality, A. Bekele, A. M.S. Mcfarland, A. J. Whisenant
Impacts Of A Manure Composting Program On Stream Water Quality, A. Bekele, A. M.S. Mcfarland, A. J. Whisenant
Faculty Publications
In February 2001, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) adopted a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) along the North Bosque River. Within this TMDL, dairy waste application fields were identified as the major nonpoint-source contribution of nutrients. In September 2000, a manure composting program was initiated that resulted in about 500,000 metric tons of dairy manure being hauled to composting facilities and exported from the watershed through December 2004. To evaluate the impact of the manure composting program on stream water quality, storm event mean concentrations of nutrients and total suspended solids were compared …
Atomic Hardy Space Theory For Unbounded Singular Integrals, Ryan Berndt
Atomic Hardy Space Theory For Unbounded Singular Integrals, Ryan Berndt
Mathematics Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Variation In The U.S. Photoperiod Insensitive Sorghum Collection For Chemical And Nutritional Traits, Tisha L. Hooks, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. B. Marx, K. P. Vogel
Variation In The U.S. Photoperiod Insensitive Sorghum Collection For Chemical And Nutritional Traits, Tisha L. Hooks, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. B. Marx, K. P. Vogel
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
Screening germplasm for chemical and nutritional content can be expensive and time consuming. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and application of geostatistical models can make screening more efficient. The objectives of this study were to utilize these technologies to: (i) generate chemical and nutritional values for the U.S. photoperiod insensitive sorghum collection, (ii) describe variability for those traits, (iii) identify accessions in the highest and lowest 1% for each trait, and (iv) describe relationships among the accessions. Accessions were grown at Ithaca, NE, during 2001 and 2002. Samples of grain were scanned and NIRS equations developed for starch, fat, crude protein, …
Trans-10, Cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes Inflammation And Delipidation Of White Adipose Tissue In Mice: A Microarray And Histological Analysis, P. Christopher Larosa, Jess L. Miner, Yuannan Xia, You Zhou, Stephen D. Kachman, Michael Fromm
Trans-10, Cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes Inflammation And Delipidation Of White Adipose Tissue In Mice: A Microarray And Histological Analysis, P. Christopher Larosa, Jess L. Miner, Yuannan Xia, You Zhou, Stephen D. Kachman, Michael Fromm
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
A combined histological and microarray analysis of the white adipose tissue (WAT) of mice fed trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12 CLA) was performed to better define functional responses. Mice fed t10c12 CLA for 14 days lost 85% of WAT mass, 95% of adipocyte lipid droplet volume, and 15 or 47% of the number of adipocytes and total cells, respectively. Microarray profiling of replicated pools (n = 2 per day x diet) of control and treated mice (n = 140) at seven time points after 1–17 days of t10c12 CLA feeding found between 2,682 and 4,216 …
Pregnancy Rate And First-Service Conception Rate In Angus Heifers, J. Minick Bormann, L. R. Totir, Stephen D. Kachman, R. L. Fernando, D. E. Wilson
Pregnancy Rate And First-Service Conception Rate In Angus Heifers, J. Minick Bormann, L. R. Totir, Stephen D. Kachman, R. L. Fernando, D. E. Wilson
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
The objective of this project was to determine the genetic control of conception rate, or pregnancy percentage in Angus beef heifers. Producers from 6 herds in 5 states provided 3,144 heifer records that included breeding dates, breeding contemporary groups, service sires, and pregnancy check information. Two hundred fourteen sires of the heifers were represented; with 104 sires having less than 5 progeny, and 14 sires having greater than 50 progeny. These data were combined with performance and pedigree information, including actual and adjusted birth weights, weaning weights, and yearling weights, from the American Angus Association database. Heifer pregnancy rate varied …
Closed Form Expressions For Bayesian Sample Size, Bertrand S. Clarke, A. Yuan
Closed Form Expressions For Bayesian Sample Size, Bertrand S. Clarke, A. Yuan
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
Sample size criteria are often expressed in terms of the concentration of the posterior density, as controlled by some sort of error bound. Since this is done pre-experimentally, one can regard the posterior density as a function of the data. Thus, when a sample size criterion is formalized in terms of a functional of the posterior, its value is a random variable. Generally, such functionals have means under the true distribution. We give asymptotic expressions for the expected value, under a fixed parameter, for certain types of functionals of the posterior density in a Bayesian analysis. The generality of our …
Reliability For Some Bivariate Exponential Distributions, Saralees Nadarajah, Samuel Kotz
Reliability For Some Bivariate Exponential Distributions, Saralees Nadarajah, Samuel Kotz
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
In the area of stress-strength models, there has been a large amount of work as regards estimation of the reliability R = Pr(X < Y). The algebraic form for R = Pr(X < Y) has been worked out for the vast majority of the well-known distributions when X and Y are independent random variables belonging to the same univariate family. In this paper, forms of R are considered when (X,Y) follow bivariate distributions with dependence between X and Y. In particular, explicit expressions for R are derived when the joint distribution is bivariate …