Digital Commons Network^™

Analysis Of Media Convergence At Vision Group Uganda, Semei Wessaali

Executive Masters in Media Leadership and Innovation

This research delves into the phenomenon of media convergence within Vision Group, concentrating on key factors influencing its implementation. Employing a cross-sectional approach, the study employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data from Vision Group staff and audiences. The primary objectives include assessing staff perceptions of content quality post-convergence, examining the organizational response to convergence, and scrutinizing audience consumption patterns. The results demonstrate a notable enhancement in content quality, with journalists in a converged system exhibiting improved output. Positive outcomes are also attributed to organizational and cultural changes that support convergence, including staff training, promotion of collaborations, and …

Universities As Innovation Hubs For Television Stations In Uganda., Imokola John Baptist

Executive Masters in Media Leadership and Innovation

Television in Uganda continues to struggle to deal with changes in the industry, which has ultimately led to the closure or restructuring of many organizations. Many of those that remain are also struggling to survive in the market. For them to remain successful and viable, they need to constantly innovate to deal with these changes, as well as satisfy the needs of their audience. Innovation, however, is expensive in terms of time, finances and human resources. This study set out to examine the possibilities of using journalism schools in universities as innovation hubs for the television industry. The study was …

Trans And Gender Diverse Inclusion In Academic Library Hiring, Keahi Adolpho, Stephen G. Krueger, Luke Sutherland, Adrian Williams

Library Faculty and Staff Publications

We do not know how many trans and gender diverse people work in libraries in the United States. Like the US Census, the American Library Association’s demographic survey of its members (which is by no means a complete or accurate representation of the profession) asks if respondents are male or female (Rosa & Henke, 2017). In addition to erasing anybody who is not one of these two things, this question does not provide information on whether respondents are trans or gender diverse. And yet, we are here: all four of the authors of this chapter are trans people who work …

ปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อการยอมรับการเปลี่ยนแปลงไปสู่องค์กรแห่งยุคดิจิทัลของบุคลากร กรมสวัสดิการและคุ้มครองแรงงาน สังกัดส่วนกลาง, ณัฐณิชา บรรดาศักดิ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาถึงการยอมรับการเปลี่ยนแปลงไปสู่องค์กรแห่งยุคดิจิทัล และปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อการยอมรับการเปลี่ยนแปลงไปสู่องค์กรแห่งยุคดิจิทัลของบุคลากรกรมสวัสดิการและคุ้มครองแรงงาน สังกัดส่วนกลาง โดยเป็นงานวิจัยเชิงปริมาณ ใช้วิธีการเก็บข้อมูลในรูปแบบแบบสอบถามจากกลุ่มตัวอย่างของข้าราชการ พนักงานราชการ และลูกจ้างประจำ ที่ปฏิบัติงานในตำแหน่งต่าง ๆ จากหน่วยงานภายในสังกัดส่วนกลางของกรมสวัสดิการและคุ้มครองแรงงาน รวมจำนวน 256 คน และประมวลผลข้อมูลผ่านโปรแกรมสำเร็จรูปทางสถิติ SPSS โดยใช้สถิติเชิงพรรณนา และสถิติเชิงอนุมาน ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล ผลการวิจัยพบว่ากลุ่มตัวอย่างในภาพรวมยอมรับการเปลี่ยนแปลงไปสู่องค์กรแห่งยุคดิจิทัลระดับมาก เมื่อพิจารณาถึงปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อการยอมรับการเปลี่ยนแปลงดังกล่าว ในส่วนของปัจจัยทางด้านภูมิหลังของประชากร พบว่าตำแหน่งงานนิติกรมีระดับการยอมรับการเปลี่ยนแปลงสูงกว่าตำแหน่งงานเจ้าพนักงานธุรการ และในส่วนของปัจจัยจูงใจ พบว่าปัจจัยด้านการสื่อสารนโยบายและการปฏิบัติ และปัจจัยด้านระบบการดำเนินงาน ส่งผลต่อระดับการยอมรับการเปลี่ยนแปลงไปสู่องค์กรแห่งยุคดิจิทัลของบุคลากรอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ส่วนปัจจัยด้านโครงสร้างพื้นฐานทางเทคโนโลยี และปัจจัยด้านการพัฒนาบุคลากร ไม่ส่งผลต่อการยอมรับการเปลี่ยนแปลงไปสู่องค์กรแห่งยุคดิจิทัลของบุคลากรอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ดังนั้นกรมจึงควรมุ่งพัฒนาการสื่อสารนโยบายและการมีคู่มือการปฏิบัติงาน รวมถึงการพัฒนาระบบการดำเนินงานให้มีความง่ายในการใช้งาน และอาจมีการพัฒนาในด้านอื่น ๆ ควบคู่ไปด้วย เช่น การพัฒนาบุคลากร โดยเฉพาะการจัดอบรมให้ความรู้ เพื่อเป็นช่องทางในการสื่อสารนโยบาย และเพื่อทำให้บุคลากรมีระดับการยอมรับการเปลี่ยนแปลงไปสู่องค์กรแห่งยุคดิจิทัลเพิ่มขึ้น

การศึกษาองค์การที่แปรรูปเป็นรัฐวิสาหกิจ กรณีศึกษา บริษัท ท่าอากาศยานไทย จำกัด มหาชน (ทอท.), ศศิภา ดิษฐกุล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาองค์การที่ผ่านกระบวนการแปรรูปรัฐวิสาหกิจ โดยมุ่งเน้นกรณีศึกษาของบริษัท ท่าอากาศยานไทย จำกัด (มหาชน) (ทอท.) ซึ่งเป็นองค์กรสำคัญที่มีบทบาทในการบริหารจัดการท่าอากาศยานหลักของประเทศไทย งานวิจัยนี้วิเคราะห์การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกิดขึ้นในด้านโครงสร้างองค์การ การบริหารจัดการ และประสิทธิภาพการดำเนินงาน หลังจากการแปรรูปรัฐวิสาหกิจเป็นองค์การมหาชนตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ. 2545 จนถึงปัจจุบัน โดยใช้กรอบการวิจัยที่ครอบคลุมทั้งมิติด้านการเงิน การให้บริการ กระบวนการภายใน และการเรียนรู้และพัฒนา เพื่อวิเคราะห์ผลกระทบในเชิงลึกและประเด็นสำคัญที่เกี่ยวข้องวิธีการศึกษาใช้การวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ โดยรวบรวมข้อมูลจากเอกสารที่เกี่ยวข้อง การสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกกับผู้บริหารและบุคลากรของ ทอท. รวมถึงการสังเกตการณ์และการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลเชิงเปรียบเทียบ ผลการศึกษาพบว่าการแปรรูปรัฐวิสาหกิจส่งผลให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงที่สำคัญในเชิงโครงสร้างองค์กร ซึ่งช่วยเพิ่มความยืดหยุ่นในการบริหารงาน และการพัฒนาโครงสร้างพื้นฐานด้านการบินเพื่อตอบสนองความต้องการที่เพิ่มขึ้น ทั้งนี้ การแปรรูปยังช่วยให้การดำเนินงานของ ทอท. มีความโปร่งใส และมีประสิทธิภาพมากยิ่งขึ้น แต่ในขณะเดียวกันยังคงมีความท้าทายที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการบริหารจัดการทรัพยากรมนุษย์และการพัฒนาประสิทธิภาพในระยะยาวผลการศึกษานี้ไม่เพียงแต่ช่วยให้เข้าใจถึงกระบวนการและผลลัพธ์ของการแปรรูปรัฐวิสาหกิจในกรณีของ ทอท. เท่านั้น แต่ยังสามารถนำไปปรับใช้ในการพัฒนานโยบายและแนวทางการบริหารจัดการองค์กรภาครัฐอื่น ๆ ที่ต้องการเปลี่ยนแปลงเพื่อเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพและตอบสนองความต้องการของผู้ใช้บริการในอนาคต

Étude De La Gestion De La Crise Sanitaire Liée À La Covid-19 Pour Soutenir La Transition Vers De Nouvelles Organisations Du Travail Dans Le Secteur De L’Administration Publique, Bénédicte Calvet, Martin Chadoin, Maud Gonella, Élise Ledoux, Denys Denis, Isabelle Berger

Rapports de recherche scientifique

La pandémie de la COVID-19 a surpris la population générale et a largement touché les milieux de travail qui ont dû se réorganiser. De nombreuses personnes se sont retrouvées en situation de télétravail imposé alors que d’autres, les travailleurs et travailleuses dits « essentiels » ont dû se conformer à de nombreuses restrictions sanitaires sur leur lieu de travail. Face à l’urgence, plusieurs guides et outils ont été diffusés auprès des entreprises de plusieurs secteurs d’activité économique, afin de les soutenir dans la mise en place de mesures en santé et en sécurité du travail (SST) conformes au contexte pandémique, …

The Clinical Inquiry Process Diagram (V. 5), Roy E. Brown

VCU Libraries Faculty and Staff Publications

This updated edition of The Clinical Inquiry Process Diagram improves on the 2023 version. It provides a depiction of the steps involved in the clinical inquiry process, covering research, performance improvement, and evidence-based practice. The revisions in this version emphasize the importance of alerting users to the iterative nature of clinical inquiry and the ongoing need to assess the situation or patient based on evolving evidence. It's crucial to recognize that the clinical inquiry process does not follow a linear, sequential progression. Instead, individuals may find themselves concurrently addressing different aspects of the process or revisiting prior steps as they …

Strategies For Sustainable Access To Electronic Resources During Covid-19 Pandemic Era: Experience From The Consortium Of Uganda University Libraries, Jackline Estomihi Kiwelu, Andrew Mwesigwa, Jesca Karungi

Libraries

The paper shares the strategies the Consortium of Uganda University Libraries (CUUL) adopted to provide access to electronic resources to its member libraries in COVID-19 pandemic era. It examines the challenges, opportunities COVID-19 brought and how CUUL managed to deliver its mandate during the pandemic. The study used a qualitative research approach and a survey research design. A structured online interview data collection tool was employed to collect the required information from the CUUL executive committee members and the electronic resources functional committee. Content analysismethod, with coding and categorization, was used for data analysis and presentation of findings. This paper …

National Integration And Institution Building, Haiwen Zhou

Economics Faculty Publications

The mutual dependence between national integration and institution building is established in a formal model. It is shown that a decrease in transportation costs, but not necessarily an increase in population size, reduces the equilibrium number of states and the adoption of rule-based institutions. With endogenous transportation costs or endogenous population size, the unification process can feed on itself. The model is illustrated by the state of Qin's unification of China in 221 BC. During this process of national integration, transformations from relation-based governance to rule-based governance happened.

State Governance And Less-Skilled Migrant Workers In South Korea, Weejun Park

Theses and Dissertations--Geography

This dissertation examines the migration governance of South Korea with a focus on the immigration of less-skilled migrant workers. While geographers and broader social scientists have explored this topic, previous studies have two main foci: 1) individual immigrants and their activities; and 2) migration policy development. Despite these studies’ contribution to the scholarship, there seems to be a relative lack of interest in the South Korean state as a potentially crucial actor in governing less-skilled migrant workers. To address this gap, this dissertation draws upon (political) geography, related social sciences, and interdisciplinary fields such as border studies, migration studies, and …

Identifying The Perception And Impact Of Culture On Job Retention At A Local Government Human Services Organization, Shenickie Mauney Ford

Doctor of Education Dissertations

Acknowledging and understanding the factors connected to job retention is a phenomenon that has been studied and researched by many. Retention and turnover within the human services field are also critical as they impact the organization, the employees, and the public. This mixed methods research study collected quantitative and qualitative data. The purpose of this study was to examine organizational culture and the impact of job retention at Help Services Organization (HSO), a North Carolina government agency that provides public services to the community. A 29-question Likert scale survey was administered to 70 employees of HSO. The survey was designed …

Advanced Air Mobility, Economic Impacts, And Equity Considerations, Robert M. Mcnab

Economics Faculty Publications

Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) may, in the coming decades, result in tens of thousands of new jobs and billions of dollars in additional economic activity. While much of the discussion surrounding AAM focuses on the technical aspects of the nascent industry, estimates of the potential economic impact vary significantly. Much less attention has been paid in the literature to potential externalities, positive and negative, and how these externalities may impact estimates of economic impact. We argue that much work remains to be done before policy advisors and decisions makers can formulate and implement strategies based on the projections of future …

Trans And Gender Diverse Inclusion In Academic Library Hiring, Keahi K. Adolpho, Stephen G. Krueger, Luke Sutherland, Adrian Williams

VCU Libraries Faculty and Staff Publications

We do not know how many trans and gender diverse people work in libraries in the United States. Like the US Census, the American Library Association’s demographic survey of its members (which is by no means a complete or accurate representation of the profession) asks if respondents are male or female (Rosa & Henke, 2017). In addition to erasing anybody who is not one of these two things, this question does not provide information on whether respondents are trans or gender diverse. And yet, we are here: all four of the authors of this chapter are trans people who work …

Investigating Inland Waterway Transport Through A Sustainable Development Perspective: A Case Study Of Magdalena River (Colombia), Natalia Calderón-Rivera

World Maritime University Ph.D. Dissertations

The development of transport systems significantly influences economies, growth, and welfare of populations. However, these systems can have negative consequences, such as water and air pollution, traffic congestion, noise, and biodiversity loss. To address these challenges, it is essential to implement strategies that mitigate negative effects while improving the environmental, social, and economic conditions of the population. In this regard, inland water transport (IWT) is globally recognized as a more sustainable transport alternative due to its high cargo load capacities and comparatively lower environmental and social impacts. In Colombia, the Magdalena River – the country’s most important river basin – …

The Rise Of E-Commerce On Retail Markets And Implication For Thailand, Panupong Phetborrisuth

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In the past few years, Thailand has witnessed a dramatic transformation in e-commerce due to the rapid growth of online shopping. With the emerging initiatives such as Thailand 4.0 and digital tools like PromptPay, more people are using online services, but this also means traditional shops are struggling to keep up. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how e-commerce has affected retail market and consumer’s shopping behavior in Thailand. To better understand this shift, the study examines data from 2014 to 2024, specifically a period when online shopping expanded significantly. This research uses both survey responses and official reports to …

Ngo Navigators, Information Support, And Parental Assistance With Pk-12 School Decisions, Jason E. Saltmarsh

Educational Leadership & Workforce Development Faculty Publications

This study provides empirical insights into the perceptions and agency of navigators who provide school selection assistance and this NGO’s unique insider–outsider status. As semi-private actors, navigators offer an important bridge between two kinds of social capital: the informal types of trust and legitimacy that families rely on, and the skills, knowledge, and networks necessary to access higher-quality schools in choice policy contexts. Data for this study are derived from an exploratory case study, including 13 in-depth interviews, documentary and social media analysis, and informal conversations. The findings illustrate the benefits and shortcomings of NGO information support in choice policy …

Good Deeds Gone Wrong: How Leader Self-Sacrifice Morally Licenses Followers Counterproductive Work Behaviors, Christopher Matthew Chow

CGU Theses & Dissertations

Leader self-sacrifice (LSS) plays a key role for many companies today. It involves the leader temporarily forgoing their own interests and privileges for the sake of the collective. By modeling self-sacrificial behavior, leaders hope to create a trickle-down effect, encouraging similar behavior within their workforce. While LSS is typically perceived as a positive behavior that inspires ethical conduct and teamwork, not all employees may respond positively. According to social identity theory, group members might take on the attributes of their close others’ behaviors, as if they had done the behavior themselves. Furthermore, based on moral licensing theory, good behavior may …

Clinical Practice Guideline For The Management Of Depression In Primary Care, Estrella Catherine Villarreal

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects - Archive

Background: The prevalence of depression poses a significant challenge in primary care, emphasizing the urgent need to address this issue during patient visits. Primary care providers are at the forefront of managing depression, yet they encounter difficulties in screening, diagnosing, assessing, and treating this complex condition. Clinical guidelines serve as valuable tools for primary care providers and practices, offering support in identifying and addressing depression effectively. An evidence-based approach to treating depression in primary care, with a focus on collaborative interventions with behavioral health to enhance depression management for American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) communities.

Methods: The descriptive analysis was conducted …

Developing Toolkit For Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder In An Oncology Outpatient Clinic, Brittany J. Johnson Dnp, Fnp-C

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects - Archive

Autistic adults are at higher risk of being diagnosed with co-occurring health conditions, and yet they are a vulnerable group for disparities in access and outcomes. One of the key barriers to better outcomes is poor patient-provider communication. This study the use of AASPIRE’s AHAT communication toolkit as a channel between healthcare workers and autistic adults to facilitate their appointments within the outpatient oncology department, as well as assessing healthcare providers’ knowledge and self-efficacy in caring for the patients. Sixteen healthcare providers (12 registered nurses and four patient care assistants) completed pre and post intervention surveys and utilized the AHAT …

Career Counselors Addressing Social Determinants Of Mental Health In Rural Communities, Kaprea F. Johnson, Alexandra Gant-Howrey, Bisola E. Duyile, Lauren B. Robins, Natese Dockery

Counseling & Human Services Faculty Publications

Career counselors practicing in rural communities must understand and address social determinants of mental health (SDOMH). This conceptual article details the relationships between SDOMH domains and employment and provides evidence-based recommendations for integrating SDOMH into practice through a rural community health and well-being framework. Description of the adaptation of the framework for career counselors in rural communities, SDOMH assessment strategies and tools, and workflow adjustments are included. Conclusions suggest next steps for practice and research.

Horizontal Skill Mismatch Among College Graduates: Analyzing Job Placement For African American In The U.S, Mimla Wardak

Theses - Graduate Programs in Economic Theory and Policy

This study investigates the persistence of horizontal skill mismatches among African-American college graduates in the U.S. labor market and explores the influence of community racial composition on job placement and wage levels. Utilizing data from the American Community Survey (2018-2019), the research constructs a Match Quality Index to assess the alignment between individuals' fields of study and their occupations. The analysis reveals that African-Americans are disproportionately affected by horizontal mismatches, which result in underemployment and wage penalties, despite similar educational backgrounds compared to their counterparts. The findings suggest that larger African-American networks within Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) correlate with slightly …

Building Resilience, Navigating Crises Since 2019: A Phenomenological Study Of Leadership Factors Influencing Retail Business Owners In Lebanon, Mira Fadel

Theses and Dissertations

The Lebanese population and culture are recognized for their resilience when facing adversity withstanding events such as the Lebanese Civil War, and multiple country invasions. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of retail business owners from different geographical regions and retail types in Lebanon and to identify the leadership factors that kept them resilient while navigating the compounding crises since 2019. The leadership factors included leadership styles, strategies, and agility. The conceptual framework encompassed all leadership factors, the retail industry, cultural context, and resilience. Data for this hermeneutic phenomenology was collected through semi-structured interviews followed …

The Benefits Of Voluntary Disorienting Dilemmas For A Transformational Life: A Grounded Theory Study In Transformational Learning, Rebecca Bamberger

Theses and Dissertations

Being uncomfortable by choice as a means of personal growth has been touted for hundreds of years among scholars, philosophers, religious leaders, modern pop culture icons, and more. Yet, research pertaining to the benefits of being uncomfortable by choice is sparse. This qualitative, grounded theory study addressed the first step of transformational learning: the disorienting dilemma. Seventy participants located in America participated in extensive interviews to answer this study’s research question, “what if any, are the benefits of voluntary disorienting dilemmas?” Additional research questions, “what is the meaning(s) of voluntary disorienting dilemmas?” and “would subjects repeat their voluntary disorienting dilemmas …

From Command Posts To Corporations: Applying United States Marine Corps Leadership Development To Corporate Organization Development, Paul D. Gowin

Theses and Dissertations

This research investigates the applicability of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) leadership development (LD) to corporate organizational development (OD). Despite significant investment in LD, many corporate programs do not meet expectations, highlighting the need for effective models. The USMC LD approach, emphasizing personal and subordinate leadership skills development, mission accomplishment, and team welfare, presents a unique model for exploration. This study examines the integration of USMC leadership components-traits, principles, and core values-into corporate leadership roles and evaluates the perception of USMC veterans on their applicability in corporate settings. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys of 125 …

How Does Participation In A Work Request Redesign Impact Individual-Level Outcomes In Interpersonal Skills, Problem-Solving Skills, Team Commitment, Learning And Quality Of Work-Life?, Henry Mason Hughes Iv

Theses and Dissertations

This research examines the emotional impact of individual team members who will revise a process of online requests for assistance between teams in an international high-tech organization. A survey of the team members upgrading the process will assess the impact of the revision on team members’ learning, problem-solving, team commitment, interpersonal skills, and quality of work life to assess satisfaction toward improved work morale.

The Role Of Parental Divorce In Childhood On Depression Among Adults, Amy Stoermer

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between parental divorce and depression in emerging young adults who responded to the 2019 BRFSS study. The 2019 BRFSS utilized a Disproportionate Stratified Sample design to gather data across all states in the U.S. by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The final number of participants used in this study was 50,804, ranging in age from 18 through 30. The number of male participants was 27,208 and the number of female participants was 23,596. The race of participants consisted of 31,177 white/non-Hispanic, 4,327 black/non-Hispanic, 3,443 Asian/non-Hispanic, and 2,831 …

Impact Of Organizational Culture And Leadership In Professional Environments, Eli Wolman

Capstone Showcase

This paper addresses the importance of a strong organizational culture and effective leadership in a professional working environment. Leadership has been shown to profoundly impact a professional working environment's performance, productivity, mental well-being, and goal attainment. Organizational Culture is the set of values and norms a group shares. As influential organizational culture proves to be effective, leadership may come in the form of several styles, including transformational leadership, directive leadership, or empowering leadership, which also play a pivotal role in the success of a group. Ultimately, even though this paper primarily prioritizes the implications of leadership and culture on professional …

The Violence Of Numbers: A Critical Appraisal Of The Justice Capabilities Framework, Abhineet Maurya

Socio-Legal Review

Systems of indicators and international rankings have today become a new mode of evaluating social, political, and economic life. In the context of measuring the rule of law and justice delivery systems at a local as well as a global level, such indicators enable empirically grounded solutions to justice reform issues. However, scholars like Siddharth Peter de Souza argue that the existing discourse concerning the rule of law and access to justice indicators promote a specific vision of a well functioning justice system grounded in western normative considerations. de Souza, in his book Designing Indicators for a Plural Legal World …

Subvert The Dominant Paradigm: Reimagining Academic Library Hiring Processes, Xan Arch, Isaac P. Gilman

Library Faculty and Staff Publications and Presentations

For libraries dedicated to diversity, equity, and inclusion, it is crucial to address firmly-held traditions about “correct” hiring practices. This work of revising traditional practices can be a fraught process, as different stakeholders often hold strong opinions about how best to evaluate candidates and conduct successful searches. To move our two academic libraries toward more inclusive hiring practices, we each led internal processes to entirely revise our hiring manuals. We will discuss the challenges and core issues addressed through this work, and the resulting principles that we believe will result in a more equitable, transparent, and candidate-friendly process.

Workplace Bullying In Louisiana Academic Libraries: Exploring Worker Status And Demographics, Justin Savage, Andrea Hebert, Catherine Baird

University Libraries Scholarship and Creative Works

Bullying is a phenomenon that exists across cultures, societies, and even species. It can be found eveywhere, including the workplace. The present study investigates workplace bullying amongst an approximated census sample of Louisiana academic library workers. Using the Negative Acts Questionnaire—Revised (NAQ-R), the study explores the relationships between experiencing workplace bullying and librarian status, tenure status, years in the profession, age, gender, and race. Although no statistically significant relationships were found between variables, the findings add to a growing body of literature that explores the interrelations of demographic and environmental contexts and bullying experiences.