Digital Commons Network^™

Smoking On The Margins? Assessing The Effects Of A Smoke-Free Law In Parks And On Beaches, Ann Pederson, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Wendy Rice, Steve Chasey, Arezu Moshrefzadeh, Joan L. Bottorff, Natalie Hemsing, Lorraine Greaves, Nancy Poole

Nursing Presentations

This study uses a health equity lens to examine the development, adoption and implementation of an outdoor smoke-free bylaw in Vancouver, BC, Canada. The study aims to:

• Understand the health and health equity effects of a new outdoor smoke-free policy in parks and on beaches;

• Assess the differential impacts of the policy for diverse groups of women and men, in particular those with a high prevalence and susceptibility to smoking and those who are exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS);

• Develop recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of future smoke-free policies to reduce any unintended contributions to health inequities arising from their …

Factors Affecting Parents Misperception Of Overweight Or Obesity In Their Children, Carol Barnes Reid

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: Treating overweight children may be more difficult when parents themselves do not correctly recognize their child’s weight status (Camell, Edwards, Croker, Boniface, & Wardle, 2005 Boniface, & Wardle, 2005). While it is a commonly held belief in some cultures that overweight children are healthy, incorrectly assessing overweight in very young children results in unfavorable weight development throughout childhood (Kroje, Struthman, & Gunther, 2006). This is due to the increased likelihood that parents may not take the condition of obesity in their child as being serious, or they may fail to seek or accept professional help in correcting the problem …

Equity, Evidence & Ethics: Assessing The Implications Of Outdoor Smoke-Free Policies For Vulnerable Populations, Natasha Jategaonkar, Ann Pederson, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Wendy Rice, Phoebe M. Long, Joan L. Bottorff, Natalie Hemsing, Lorraine Greaves

Nursing Presentations

Smoke-free policies in outdoor settings are becoming increasingly common. Economic and social conditions tend to influence tobacco use patterns as well as exposure to secondhand smoke. Thus, active and passive smoking are both health equity and social justice concerns.

Smoking on the Margins is a multi-component,mixed-methods project that applies an ethical framework to outdoor smoke-free policies in order to identify both concerns and opportunities to promote health and health equity.

Justification for smoke-free policies

Smoke-free spaces are primarily justified on the basis of three goals:

1) Reducing exposure to secondhand smoke;

2) Encouraging people to quit smoking; and

3) Preventing …

Perceived Health In Lung Cancer Patients: The Role Of Positive And Negative Affect, Jameson K. Hirsch, Andrea R. Floyd, Paul R. Duberstein

ETSU Faculty Works

Purpose: To examine the association of affective experience and health-related quality of life in lung cancer patients, we hypothesized that negative affect would be positively, and positive affect would be negatively, associated with perceived health.

Methods: A sample of 133 English-speaking lung cancer patients (33% female; mean age = 63.68 years old, SD = 9.37) completed a battery of self-report surveys.

Results: Results of our secondary analysis indicate that trait negative affect was significantly associated with poor physical and social functioning, greater role limitations due to emotional problems, greater bodily pain, and poor general health. Positive affect was significantly associated …

Sexual Behavior Of Hiv-Positive Adults Not Accessing Hiv Treatment In Mombasa, Kenya: Defining Their Prevention Needs, Avina Sarna, Stanley Luchters, Melissa Pickett, Matthew Chersich, Jerry Okal, Scott Geibel, Nzioki Kingola, Marleen Temmerman

Population Health, East Africa

Background: HIV spread continues at high rates from infected persons to their sexual partners. In 2009, an estimated 2.6 million new infections occurred globally. People living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving treatment are in contact with health workers and therefore exposed to prevention messages. By contrast, PLHIV not receiving ART often fall outside the ambit of prevention programs. There is little information on their sexual risk behaviors. This study in Mombasa Kenya therefore explored sexual behaviors of PLHIV not receiving any HIV treatment.

Results: Using modified targeted snowball sampling, 698 PLHIV were recruited through community health workers and HIV-positive …

Firearms, Youth Homicide, And Public Health, Robert S. Levine, Irwin Goldzweig, Barbara Kilbourne, Paul Juarez

Sociology Faculty Research

Homicide is seven times as common among U.S. non-Hispanic Black as among non-Hispanic White youth ages 15 to 24 years. In 83% of these youth homicides, the murder weapon is a firearm. Yet, for more than a decade, the national public health position on youth violence has been largely silent about the role of firearms, and tools used by public health professionals to reduce harm from other potential hazards have been unusable where guns are concerned. This deprives already underserved populations from the full benefits public health agencies might be able to deliver. In part, political prohibitions against research about …

Kebersihan Diri Dan Sanitasi Rumah Pada Anak Balita Dengan Kecacingan, Ririh Yudhastuti, M. Farid D. Lusno

Kesmas

Di Indonesia, prevalensi kecacingan berada pada kisaran 45% - 65% dan masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting. Berbagai cacing yang menginfeksi anak berusia di bawah 12 tahun dengan prevalensi tinggi meliputi Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, dan Enterobius vermicularis. Infeksi cacing perut diduga menyebar melalui sanitasi lingkungan dan higiene perorangan yang buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara lingkungan rumah dan kejadian kecacingan pada anak di bawah lima tahun (balita). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada anak balita di Kampung Keputih Kecamatan Sukolilo Surabaya selama bulan Maret – Mei 2010 dengan desain penelitian kasus kontrol terhadap 51 kasus …

Mitigasi Kebakaran Melalui Masyarakat, Yusran Nasution

Kesmas

Upaya dini pencegahan kebakaran telah mampu menurunkan risiko kecelakaan di lingkungan permukiman padat perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan masyarakat dalam mitigasi kebakaran, menilai bentuk-bentuk penanggulangan kebakaran di masyarakat dan mengembangkan model berbasis masyarakat dalam mitigasi kebakaran. Kelompok diskusi terarah dilakukan pada 130 informan yang terdiri dari unsur-unsur rukun tetangga, rukun warga, pembinaan kesejahteraan keluarga, perlindungan masyarakat atau pertahanan sipil, tokoh masyarakat, dewan kelurahan, karang taruna, dan anggota barisan sukarelawan kebakaran (Balakar). Seluruh informan menilai bahwa masyarakat perlu memiliki tujuan bersama dan motivasi yang kuat untuk mencegah kebakaran guna menurunkan risiko kebakaran serta mencegah dan meminimalkan korban. Bentuk-bentuk partisipasi …

The Impact Of The Current Financial Situation On Public Health Prevention Efforts, Tamar Klaiman Phd, Mph

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Hp Newsletter Winter 2012 Download Full Pdf

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

A Preventable Epidemic: Kotter’S Eight Step Change Model Applied To Type 2 Diabetes In Youth, Jo Marie Courtney

Florida Public Health Review

Type 2 diabetes affecting children is a global epidemic that can be addressed by applying leadership models traditionally applied to corporate business structures. Leadership models provide the guidelines to apply to a problem and create a vision of change. Approximately 346 million individuals currently suffer from diabetes worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ofthose individuals with diabetes, 90% have type 2. Once a disease characterized by middle-aged, overweight adults, type 2 diabetes is now being diagnosed in children and adolescents. The severity oftype 2 diabetes is greater than the diagnosis portrays due to the many co-morbidities and risk …

Prescriptions For Excellence In Health Care Winter 2011 Dowload Full Pdf

Prescriptions for Excellence in Health Care Newsletter Supplement

No abstract provided.

Incentivized Hiv Testing--Is It Needed And Effective? Developing An Evaluation Tool, Dawn Spellman

Capstone Collection

The following is a case study of agencies in Seattle, WA who provide HIV testing followed by an evaluation tool for the agencies to determine the role of incentivizing HIV testing. Some agencies I interviewed provide incentives for the testing and others do not.

This Capstone will focus on six agencies currently providing HIV testing and provides a tool for agencies to use to attempt to answer the following question: In the face of reduced funding for HIV prevention and a mandate to continue to push for increasingly getting more Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) tested for HIV, …

Childhood Obesity And Restrictions Of Parental Liberty. A Response To "Paternalism, Obesity, And Tolerable Levels Of Risk", Kristin Voigt

Democracy & Education

This paper responds to Michael Merry’s recent contribution on childhood obesity. Merry’s analysis highlights the difficulties in finding an appropriate balance between children’s and parents’ interests in antiobesity interventions and emphasizes the importance of weight stigma and its effects on the obesity debate. He concludes by recommending both a greater focus on policies that address society's contribution to childhood obesity and a greater involvement of obese individuals in the policy debate. This response focuses on three points. First, a more explicit recognition of parents’ interests can support the case for the kinds of policies Merry has in mind. Second, while …

Leadership To Address Sexual Education In Schools, Shannon Kelley

Florida Public Health Review

This paper will take the strategies ofleadership proposed by Bennis and Nanus (1985) in application to sexual education in schools. The severity and significance of the sexual health of youth will be shown, with an emphasis on contributing risk behaviors and ideologies. An overview ofthe current state ofteenage pregnancy and sexual disease incidence will be included. Next, the factors that contribute to the disparities of sexual health in youth will be addressed. These factors include: race, parental and peer support, participation in a sexual education program, and current policies on sexual education. A discussion about the relation ofthe factors to …

Not Just A Mother’S Decision: A Multifactorial Exploration Of Low Breastfeeding Rates In African American Women, Mackenzie R. Tewell

Florida Public Health Review

The benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and newborns are well established. Yet, black women in the U.S. consistently have the lowest rates ofbreastfeeding initiation and duration. Utilizing the various levels ofthe Social Ecological Model, this paper explores the factors that are thought to be responsible for this disparity. Poverty, a lack of resources, and societal disapproval weigh heavily upon already strained intrapersonal relationships where social support is severely lacking. Familial influence proves pivotal in a mother’s decision ofwhether or not to breastfeed. The role ofWIC clinics are also examined as a source of intervention, though literature demonstrates women receive …

Influenza Vaccinations: A Leadership Approach, Christine Ann Meister

Florida Public Health Review

Each year thousands of individuals in the United States are diagnosed with cases of seasonal influenza (flu) and the recent pandemic strain ofH1N1 influenza. Complications ofthe flu can lead to serious health issues resulting in hospitalization and even death. Vaccination for seasonal flu and H1N1 can decrease the number ofcases ofthe flu, thus decreasing the number of complications resulting from infection. Unfortunately, a large percentage of the population chooses not to get vaccinated every year for the seasonal flu because they do not trust vaccine safety and effectiveness. To gain the public’s trust and increase the number ofinfluenza inoculations, the …

The Impact Of A 3-Year After-School Obesity Prevention Program In Elementary School Children, Zenong Yin, Justin B. Moore, Maribeth H. Johnson, Marlo M. Vernon, Bernard Gutin

Faculty Publications

Background: Children tend to be sedentary during the after-school hours, and this has deleterious effects on their health. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of a 3-year after-school physical activity (PA) program, without restriction of dietary energy intake, on percent body fat (%BF), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and cardiometabolic markers in children.

Methods: A cluster randomization design was employed. A total of 574 3^rd grade children from 18 elementary schools in the south-eastern United States participated. The intervention consisted of 80 minutes of age-appropriate moderate-to-vigorous PA each school day. The main outcomes of interest were …

Hiv And Aids Education: The Tanzanian Case, Katherine Ellison

Social Sciences

This project takes a look at the cultural, religious, and socio-economic roles that affect the spread of education regarding HIV/AIDS in Tanzania. A personal experience in Zanzibar, Tanzania was the incentive to spark interest in teaching. HIV/AIDS is a powerful epidemic that has taken the lives away from millions. This article takes a deeper look at the transmission, stigmas, and pathways for change.

Effect Of Different Doses Of Aerobic Exercise On Total White Blood Cell (Wbc) And Wbc Subfraction Number In Postmenopausal Women: Results From Drew, Neil M. Johannsen, Damon L. Swift, William D. Johnson, Vishwa D. Dixit, Conrad P. Earnest, Steven N. Blair, Timothy S. Church

Faculty Publications

Background: Elevated total white blood cell (WBC) count is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and death. Aerobic exercise is associated with lower total WBC, neutrophil, and monocyte counts. However, no studies have evaluated the effect of the amount of aerobic exercise (dose) on total WBC and WBC subfraction counts.

Purpose: To examine the effects of 3 different doses of aerobic exercise on changes in total WBC and WBC subfraction counts and independent effects of changes in fitness, adiposity, makers of inflammation (IL-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein), fasting glucose metabolism, and adiponectin.

Methods: Data from 390 sedentary, overweight/obese …

Improved Cardiac Management With A Disease Management Program Incorporating Comprehensive Lipid Profiling., John F Mcana, Neil I Goldfarb, Joseph Couto, Michelle A Henry, Gary Piefer, George M Rapier

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the improved effectiveness of a disease management treatment protocol incorporating comprehensive lipid profiling and targeted lipid care based on lipid profile findings in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) or congestive heart failure (CHF) enrolled in a managed care plan. This retrospective cohort study, conducted over a 2-year period, compared outcomes between patients with a standard lipid profile to those evaluated with a comprehensive lipid profile. All adult members of the WellMed Medical Management, Inc. managed care health plan diagnosed with IHD or CHF, and continuously enrolled between July 1, 2006 …

Improved Cardiac Management With A Disease Management Program Incorporating Comprehensive Lipid Profiling., John F Mcana, Neil I Goldfarb, Joseph Couto, Michelle A Henry, Gary Piefer, George M Rapier

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the improved effectiveness of a disease management treatment protocol incorporating comprehensive lipid profiling and targeted lipid care based on lipid profile findings in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) or congestive heart failure (CHF) enrolled in a managed care plan. This retrospective cohort study, conducted over a 2-year period, compared outcomes between patients with a standard lipid profile to those evaluated with a comprehensive lipid profile. All adult members of the WellMed Medical Management, Inc. managed care health plan diagnosed with IHD or CHF, and continuously enrolled between July 1, 2006 and …

A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis Of The Effects Of School, Community And Individual Factors On Substance Use Among Girls In Rural Counties, Taniesa Moore

Theses and Dissertations

Substance use among adolescent girls in the United States is increasing. In some regions substance use by rural adolescent girls exceeds that of its urban and suburban counterparts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the adequacy of constructs within Catalano, Hawkins, and the Social Development Research Group's (1996) social development model (SDM) as an empirical-based model pertaining to early adolescent girls' pathways to substance use by examining school, community, and individual risk and protective factors. Risk factors are defined as those traits, variables, or vulnerabilities that, if present for a particular individual, increase the likelihood of those individual …

Alternate Estrogen Receptors Promote Invasion Of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells Via Non-Genomic Signaling, Kazufumi Ohshiro, Arnold M. Schwartz, Paul H. Levine, Rakesh Kumar

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Although Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is a rare and an aggressive type of locally advanced breast cancer with a generally worst prognosis, little work has been done in identifying the status of non-genomic signaling in the invasiveness of IBC. The present study was performed to explore the status of non-genomic signaling as affected by various estrogenic and anti-estrogenic agents in IBC cell lines SUM149 and SUM190. We have identified the presence of estrogen receptor α (ERα) variant, ERα36 in SUM149 and SUM190 cells. This variant as well as ERβ was present in a substantial concentration in IBC cells. The treatment …

Analyzing Healthy Lifestyle Initiatives For Seniors: A Descriptive Study Of Senior Centers In Montgomery County, Ohio, Abhinav Rajpal

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

The population of the elderly is expected to rise due to an increase in life expectancy and the aging baby boomer population. This increase in the elderly population will likely cause a burden on the health care system. This burden can be mitigated by promoting healthy lifestyles such as increased physical activity, healthy eating, and tobacco cessation in the elderly. Additionally, by participating in healthy behaviors, seniors can significantly improve their quality of life. Senior centers are at the forefront of promoting healthy lifestyles for the elderly. By promoting physical, social, and mental well-being, senior centers act as a focal …

Health Enhancing Policies And Environments In Select Montgomery County Senior Centers, Stacey L. Gardner

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

As the baby boomer generation reaches elderly status, healthcare expenditures in the United States continue to rise. Contributing to healthcare costs is the high prevalence of chronic diseases caused by unhealthy habits of Americans such as tobacco use, lack of physical activity, and consumption of a poor diet. Many chronic diseases can be prevented by engaging in healthier behaviors. Communities and organizations can shift social norms and affect behaviors through policy intervention and environmental strategies. The purpose of this study was to describe policies and environments that foster healthy lifestyles in select senior centers in Montgomery County, Ohio. Specifically, this …

Increased Prevalence Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Colonization In Household Contacts Of Children With Community Acquired Disease, Yaseen Rafee, Nahed Abdel-Haq, Basim Asmar, Tanaz Salimnia, Celine Pharm, Michael J. Rybak Pharm, Muhammad Amjad

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

To measure Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization prevalence in household contacts of children with current community associated (CA)-MRSA infections (study group) in comparison with a group of household contacts of children without suspected Staphylococcus aureus infection (a control group).

Methods

This is a cross sectional study. Cultures of the anterior nares were taken. Relatedness of isolated strains was tested using pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Results

The prevalence of MRSA colonization in the study group was significantly higher than in the control group (18/77 (23%) vs 3/77 (3.9%); p ≤ 0.001). The prevalence of SA colonization was …

The Cyclin-Like Protein Spy1/Ringo Promotes Mammary Transformation And Is Elevated In Human Breast Cancer, Mohammad Al Sorkhy, Rosa-Maria Ferraiuolo, Espanta Jalili, Agnes Malysa, Andreea R. Fratiloiu, Bonnie F. Sloane, Lisa A. Porter

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Spy1 is a novel 'cyclin-like' activator of the G1/S transition capable of enhancing cell proliferation as well as inhibiting apoptosis. Spy1 protein levels are tightly regulated during normal mammary development and forced overexpression in mammary mouse models accelerates mammary tumorigenesis.

Methods

Using human tissue samples, cell culture models and in vivo analysis we study the implications of Spy1 as a mediator of mammary transformation and breast cancer proliferation.

Results

We demonstrate that this protein can facilitate transformation in a manner dependent upon the activation of the G2/M Cdk, Cdk1, and the subsequent inhibition of the anti-apoptotic regulator FOXO1. …

Correlation Of Discharge Diagnostic Codes With Laboratory-Confirmed Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Bloodstream Infections At A Large Pediatric Hospital, Andrew J. Kreppel

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-specific hospital discharge codes were introduced in October 2008. The purpose of this project is to study the correlation of these codes with laboratory-proven pediatric MRSA bloodstream infections.

Methods: Laboratory and discharge databases were used to identify patientsChildren’s Hospital Medical Center from October 2008 through December 2010 with MRSA bloodstream infections. The laboratory database identified patients with a positive blood culture for MRSA, and the discharge database identified patients with an MRSA bloodstream discharge code (038.12 for MRSA sepsis or 041.12 for MRSA infection with either 790.7 for bacteremia or 771.81 for newborn sepsis or 771.83 …

Reasons For Low Pandemic H1n1 2009 Vaccine Acceptance Within A College Sample, Russell D. Ravert, Linda Y. Fu

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

This study examined health beliefs associated with novel influenza A (H1N1) immunization among US college undergraduates during the 2009-2010 pandemic. Undergraduates (ages 18–24 years) from a large Midwestern University were invited to complete an online survey during March, 2010, five months after H1N1 vaccines became available. Survey items measured H1N1 vaccine history and H1N1-related attitudes based on the health belief literature. Logistic regression was used to identify attitudes associated with having received an H1N1 vaccine, and thematic analysis of student comments was conducted to further understand influences on vaccine decisions. Among the 296 students who participated in the survey, 15.2% …