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Intrapersonal And Community-Related Influences Of Rural Adolescent Pregnancy: A Mixed-Method Approach, Kimberly Becknel Brodie

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The majority of data on adolescent pregnancy pertains to urban communities, therefore, the individual and social influences associated with adolescent pregnancy in rural communities have not been extensively explored. The pregnancy rate among adolescent women aged 15 to 19 in rural Vance County, North Carolina, is 113.7 per 1,000, nearly twice the state average. This sequential mixed-method study used the social ecological model to evaluate the intrapersonal and community-related factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in this rural area. A quantitative survey assessed intrapersonal factors, namely sexual health knowledge, sex-related attitudes, and self-esteem in pregnant or parenting and nonpregnant or nonparenting …

The Association Of Dust Events With Asthma Exacerbation In The U.S.-Mexico Border Children: A Pilot Study, Monika Gaytan

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Background. Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic pediatric illnesses in the U.S. and a major cause of childhood disability, hospitalization, and missed schooldays. Air pollution is one of a number of known environmental triggers known to exacerbate pediatric asthma. Emerging evidence also suggests that exposure to dust aerosols associated with dust storm events may trigger asthmatic symptoms. The Paso del Norte (PDN) region is the single most dust-prone major metropolitan area in the U.S., averaging 14.5 major dust events/yr. The annual peak in dust event activity occurs during March to May where there is a 42% chance of …

Prenatal Physical Activity Patterns And Determinants In An Urban Ecuadorian Population, Erika Gonzalez Beltran

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Background & Significance. Evidence has accumulated over the past two decades suggesting that healthy pregnant women who engage in regular moderate physical activity (PA) may reduce their risk for certain adverse pregnancy and postnatal health outcomes. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently issued the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans which recommends at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity aerobic PA for pregnant women. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG, 2002) recommends 30 min of moderate-intensity PA, specified as derived from recreational or leisure activities on most or all …

Learning From Near Misses In Medication Errors: A Bayesian Approach, Jessica A. Myers, Francesca Dominici, Laura Morlock

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

Medical errors originating in health care facilities are a significant source of preventable morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Voluntary error report systems that collect information on the causes and contributing factors of medi- cal errors regardless of the resulting harm may be useful for developing effective harm prevention strategies. Some patient safety experts question the utility of data from errors that did not lead to harm to the patient, also called near misses. A near miss (a.k.a. close call) is an unplanned event that did not result in injury to the patient. Only a fortunate break in the chain of …

Development Of Unicef Latin America/Caribbean (Lac) Well-Being Indicators, Mark Edberg

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Visioning The Future: Schoolbased Wellness Centers In Delaware: The Next 25 Years, Center For Health And Health Care In Schools

Center for Health and Health Care in Schools

In 2008, the Delaware Division of Public Health and Delaware Department of Education joined Nemours Prevention and Health Promotion in sponsoring a project to review 23 years of Wellness Center operations with the goal of identifying future directions for the program. The project was undertaken with a view towards determining what is the best health system and most effective wellness center strategies to support Delaware’s children. To assist with this work, the Center for Health and Health Care in Schools at George Washington University was asked to examine wellness center history, interview key participants in program and policy development, and …

How Does A Riverine Setting Affect The Lifestyle Of Shellmound Builders In Brazil?, Sabine Eggers, C. C. Petronilho, K. Brandt, C. Jericó-Daminello, J. Filippini, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

The contact of inland and coastal prehistoric groups in Brazil is believed to have been restricted to regions with no geographical barrier, as is the case in the Ribeira de Iguape valley. The inland osteological collection from the riverine shellmound Moraes (5800–4500 BP) represents a unique opportunity to test this assumption for this region. Despite cultural similarities between riverine and coastal shellmounds, important ecological and site distribution differences are expected to impact on lifestyle. The purpose of this study is thus to document and interpret health and lifestyle indicators in Moraes in comparison to coastal shellmound groups. Specifically we test …

Utilitaires Informatiques Pour La Gestion Des Contraintes Thermiques (Document Archivé), Daniel Drolet, Pierre C. Dessureault

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Pendant les périodes très chaudes, les travailleurs qui exercent leur métier à l’extérieur peuvent être sujets à des malaises allant parfois jusqu’au coup de chaleur. Le Règlement sur la santé et la sécurité du travail (RSST) prévoit des valeurs d’exposition admissibles (VEA) à la chaleur basées sur la Wet Bulb and Globe Temperature (WBGT). L’application de cette mesure exige toutefois des moyens techniques dont les milieux de travail ne disposent pas toujours. C’est pourquoi la CSST propose depuis plusieurs années le Guide de prévention des coups de chaleur qui utilise le paramètre nommé démarche de la température d’air corrigée (TAC), …

The Role Of The Environment In Poverty Alleviation, Paolo Galizzi, Alena Herklotz

Environment

The new millennium raised hopes for a better future for humanity through a new spirit of international cooperation. Participants at the United Nations Millennium Summit agreed on an ambitious agenda for international cooperation that singled out, among other issues, environmental protection and development as key objectives.

The increasing degradation of our planet continues to emphasize the need to conserve and preserve natural resources. Yet with more than half of the global population still living on $2 dollars a day or less, there is also a glaring need for development initiatives to combat poverty.

This book draws on contributions to the …

Inaugural Conference Of The Mosakowski Institute For Public Enterprise- Program, Jim Gomes

Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise

Program for University Research and the American Agenda: Discovering Knowledge, Enabling Leadership. The Inaugural Conference of the Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise.

Neuroimaging And Recovery Of Language In Aphasia, Cynthia K. Thompson, Dirk B. Den Ouden

Faculty Publications

The use of functional neuroimaging techniques has advanced what is known about the neural mechanisms used to support language processing in aphasia resulting from brain damage. This paper highlights recent findings derived from neuroimaging studies focused on neuroplasticity of language networks, the role of the left and right hemispheres in this process, and studies examining how treatment affects the neurobiology of recovery. We point out variability across studies as well as factors related to this variability, and we emphasize challenges that remain for research.

Faktor Risiko Perilaku Pra-Diabetes Di Kota Padang Panjang, Fajrinayanti Fajrinayanti

Kesmas

Pra-diabetes adalah kondisi berisiko Diabates Melitus tipe 2 yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor keturunan dan perilaku dengan prevalensi yang lebih tinggi daripada Diabates Melitus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan faktor risiko perilaku konsumsi lemak, konsumsi serat, konsumsi karbohidrat, aktivitas fisik dan merokok dengan kejadian pra-diabetes setelah dikendalikan oleh faktor keturunan. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah kros seksional dengan pengumpulan data melalui survei. Responden sebanyak 174 orang dipilih secara acak sederhana dari tiap kelurahan yang menjadi kluster. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, regresi logistik sederhana dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kadar Gula Darah Sewaktu kelompok umur 40-59 tahun …

Tending To Richmond's Children: Community Strategies To Bridge Service Gaps, Judith D. Moore, Jessamyn Taylor

National Health Policy Forum

The National Health Policy Forum sponsored a site visit to Richmond, Virginia, in October 2008 to explore social and environmental determinants of children’s health, including the impacts that poverty and exposure to lead-based paint have on birth outcomes, child development, and school readiness; and the community's efforts to address them. Though not large in population terms, Richmond faces many of the social and economic problems often common in larger urban areas—concentrated poverty, migration of wealth and services to the surrounding counties, a high infant mortality rate, and troubled schools. The site visit explored community strategies to improve birth outcomes and …

Creando Nuestra Salud (Creating Our Health) - Results And Findings From A Breast Cancer Education Program With Rural Hispanic Women

Florida Public Health Review

Rural Hispanic females practice breast-self exams (BSE) and other breast health screenings less than women from all other racial or ethnic groups. Questions remain as to why these women do not practice these important breast health behaviors. A qualitative design was used to assess the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and barriers to breast health activities among 288 rural Hispanic women. Results revealed that along with external barriers such as transportation and money, internal barriers (shame of being seen naked, discomfort of touching their own breasts, and lack of knowledge) had a greater effect on their practice of breast health activities. The …

Acquisition De Modèles Pour L’Étude De L’Absorption Percutanée Des Substances Chimiques : Cellules De Diffusion À Flux Continu, Claude Viau, Suzanne Leroux, Ross Thuot, Sophie Lim

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Dans les milieux de travail où des substances chimiques sont utilisées, celles-ci peuvent se retrouver dans l’air. Les employés peuvent donc y être exposés par le fait de la respiration. C’est d’ailleurs pour ça que le règlement sur la santé et la sécurité du travail donne des valeurs limites d’exposition dans l’air pour près de 700 substances chimiques. Mais il est aussi possible d’être exposé par le contact des substances avec la peau. Quand on veut savoir à quel point un travailleur peut absorber des substances dans son organisme de cette manière, on doit savoir trois choses principales :

• la …

The Integration Of Traditional And Western Medicine In Ngaoundéré, Cameroon, Alison Hardy

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The purpose of this study was to examine how patients in Ngaoundéré Cameroon integrate traditional and Western medicine, and how they perceive such integration on the part of their health care providers. Interviews were conducted with thirty-five patients of the Hôpital Provincial and of traditional medical practitioners in the neighbourhood of Yarmbang. Both modern and traditional health care providers were also interviewed. Patients generally believe that the two types of medicine have different strengths related to cost, accessibility, accuracy of diagnosis and treatment, ability to treat certain illnesses, and practitioners’ understanding of patients’ culture. Patients decide whether to use modern …

Download Full Pdf Issue Of Thomas Jefferson University Mph Public Health Link Newsletter, Vol. 4, Iss.3, Fall 2008

Public Health Link

This issue includes a faculty spotlight on Dr. Yuen, an article by Dr. Golab "MPH Program to Move to New Jefferson School of Health Policy and Population Health (JSHPPH)" and a recap of fall orientation.

Smarter Mothers, Healthy Children, Smaller Families: A Look At The Impact Of Women’S Education On Family Planning Decisions In The Sultanate Of Oman, Kerala Hise

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Is there a single, perfect, cure-all policy that a government can enact to achieve sustained development? This is a question international organizations and individual leaders ask themselves every day. There will always be ‘less-developed’ nations, this is a reality of having ‘developed’ nations, but there is no reason that humanity should allow there to be ‘under-developed’ nations, not when we have at hand the tools and knowledge to enact immediate, sweeping changes now. However, because different people, different groups feel that their idea or proposal is of the utmost importance, that change is often never realized. Often, too much value …

Cancer Control: A Comparison For Progress, Stephanie Lachapelle

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The cancer burden in developing countries like Yemen is significant. These countries are presently ill equipped to adequately provide quality cancer control and care because they have limited financial and medical resources. The first steps to necessary to adequately control the eminent cancer crisis in these countries is to initiate sustainable, cost-effective cancer control strategies. This includes the development of a national cancer control framework, enacting preventative educational programs, increasing biomedical treatment capacity, addressing the need for patient empowerment, and training a significant number of medical professionals. These initiatives can be successfully implemented and supported by networks between various aspects …

Interning At The Médecins Sans Frontières Operational Office In Geneva, Casie Reiss

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The following report outlines and analyzes the internship and interactive research undertaken by the student, Casie Reiss, during the independent research period. The one-month internship was completed at the Médecins Sans Frontières Operational Office in Geneva in the Operational Communications Department. The subject of research was “The evolution of public positions of the main actors involved in addressing malnutrition.”

Surgeons And Bureaucrats: An Interactive Research Experience At The World Health Organization, Hannah Lust

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

During a recent internship at a general hospital in my hometown of Dallas, I could occasionally be found lurking around the main surgical unit. I wanted to be surrounded by the atmosphere of saving lives by manipulating the tiniest capillaries, the most sensitive nerves, the most essential organs. The idea of racing against the clock to save a life, yet having to work with the utmost care is one that is unsettling and enthralling to me all at once. Surgery is infinitely intricate, exceedingly precise, and beautifully complex. And quite simply, it fascinates me. At the same time, I am …

Look Beyond And Rejoice : A Spiritual Intervention For Patients With Life-Threatening Illness Or Chronic Pain, Jung H. Park

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Recently, the study of religious coping has increased dramatically. Researchers have recognized that cognitive-behavioral interventions imbued with spiritual dimensions may have greater impact when they incorporate a persons’ belief system. Based on scientific literature and Christian coping methods in the Bible, the Look Beyond & Rejoice [LB&R] Healing Model was developed to provide a theoretical framework for an intervention aimed at improving spiritual, mental, and physical health. The model includes: (a) positive reframing of illness that may change a patient’s perception from a threat to challenge and hope, and (b) daily transcendent visualization and verbalization, through looking beyond adversity and …

Assessing The Validity Of Statistical Inferences In Public Health Research: An Evidence-Based, ‘Best-Practices’ Approach, Karl E. Peace, Anthony V. Parrillo, Charles J. Hardy

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Like many fields, public health has embraced the process of evidence-based practice to inform practice decisions and to guide policy development. Evidence-based practice is typically dependent upon generalizations made on the bases of the existing body of knowledge – assimilations of the research literature on a particular topic. The potential utility of scientific evidence for guiding policy and practice decisions is grounded in the validity of the research investigations upon which such decisions are made. However, the validity of inferences made from the extant public health research literature requires more than ascertaining the validity of the statistical methods alone; for …

Quantitative Data Analysis Of Multiple Factors Associated With Low Birth Weight In Bibb County, Georgia, Haley D. Jackson, Yudan Wei, Fan Chen

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Objective: This study aims to identify and evaluate significant risk factors associated with low birth weight in Bibb County, Georgia.

Methods: Data used in this study was obtained from the Georgia Department of Human Resources’ Vital Records Offices. The sample consists of 2,346 white and black or African American women giving birth in Bibb County, Georgia in 2005. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors associated with low birthweight in Bibb County, Georgia. The multiple factors analyzed as independent variables included maternal race, maternal education, maternal age group, socioeconomic status, marital status, maternal tobacco use during pregnancy, maternal …

Dowload The Pdf Of The Full Issue

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Annual Fellows Day: The Changing Landscape Of Ambulatory Care Outcomes Research-June 30,2008

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Designation Of Medically Underserved And Health Professional Shortage Areas: Analysis Of The Public Comments On The Withdrawn Proposed Regulation, Emily Jones, Leighton C. Ku, Joseph Lippi, Ramona Whittington, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

In February 2008, the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) proposed new regulations that would have modified and combined the Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) and Medically Underserved Area/Population (MUA/P) designation processes. The comment period was extended twice in response to the large volume of comments, through June 30th. On July 23rd, HRSA effectively withdrew the proposed rule, announcing that in light of its preliminary review of comments, the agency had elected to develop a new proposal. This Research Brief highlights some of the salient issues surrounding the proposed rule, based on an analysis of the public comments by researchers …

Breast Cancer Screening Disparities In Japanese-American Women, Theodora Stratis

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cancer screening disparities in ethnic minority women have received much research attention in the last several years due to a marked increase in ethnic minority cancer incidence and poor survival rates (Miller, Kollnel, Bernstein, Young Swanson, West et ah, 1996). Breast cancer is the leading cause of death for Asian American women (Asian American Network for Cancer Awareness, Research & Training, 2002) and, although their incidence and mortality rates are lower than Caucasian women, these rates continue to increase every year. This increasing mortality rate is likely due to the underutilization of breast cancer screening by Asian American women. Asian …

Shea/Apic Guideline: Infection Prevention And Control In The Long-Term Care Facility, Philip W. Smith, Gail Bennett, Suzanne Bradley, Paul Drinka, Ebbing Lautenbach, James Marx, Lona Mody, Lindsay Nicolle, Kurt Stevenson

United States Department of Veterans Affairs: Publications

Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) may be defined as institutions that provide health care to people who are unable to manage independently in the community.¹ This care may be chronic care management or short-term rehabilitative services. The term nursing home is defined as a facility licensed with an organized professional staff and inpatient beds that provides continuous nursing and other services to patients who are not in the acute phase of an illness. There is considerable overlap between the 2 terms.

More than 1.5 million residents reside in United States (US) nursing homes. In recent years, the acuity of illness …

Development And Pilot Testing Of A Low Literacy Handout For Hispanic/Latino Caregivers To Promote Breastfeeding And Introduce Age Appropriate Foods For Infants, Judith C. Rodriguez, Nancy Correa-Matos

Florida Public Health Review

Based on input from four focus groups the authors developed a culturally and linguistically appropriate material (CLAM) that used a pictorial format to promote breast feeding and age-appropriate introduction of solids for Hispanics/Latinos that attended a public health clinic in the northeast region of Florida. The handout focused on five key, but simple educational messages. Clients were randomly assigned to receive 1) the physician's usual oral instruction or 2) instruction that incorporated the use, and provision of, the handout. Among the group (n=12) that received the handout the mean month for introduction of solids was 5 months compared to 4.07 …