Digital Commons Network^™

The Direction Of Memory For Music For Popular And Novel Songs, Susan Rose Sibma

Theses : Honours

Previous research on memory for music has typically measured participants' reaction times (RTs) and accuracy in tests of recall and recognition of songs presented to them. The current study was interested in what occurs during the time that elapses between stimulus onset and the generation of a response. It has been suggested that people sing or hum to themselves as they search for an answer (Rubin, 1977), but a question that has been overlooked to date is in what direction this occurs. As music unfolds in time, it was proposed that in memory for music, 'forward is best'. In the …

Adherence To Medical Regimens In Low-Income Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: The Influence Of Perceived Control Constructs, Erin L. O'Hea

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Individuals with Type 2 diabetes often do not adhere to their treatment regimens (e.g., exercise, diet, medication, glucose monitoring). Non-adherence results in poor metabolic control, further morbidity and mortality, and increased health care utilization and costs. One common thread among many health-behavior-theories that attempt to explain non-adherence behaviors is the importance of perceived control. This psychosocial variable has most often been conceptualized as ‘health locus of control,’ which refers to the belief that one has the ability to influence or change one’s health outcomes. Inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the relationship of health locus of control and medical regimen …

Disregarding Relevant Information When Making A Decision: Is It Possible?, Brandi Jo Juntunen

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The current study was designed to assess the ability of participants to ignore biasing information when making a decision that resulted in a negative outcome for a target individual. Participants reviewed materials about a disciplinary matter regarding a student. Three manipulations of information occurred such that those in the control condition received no biasing information and no instruction to disregard, participants in another condition "accidentally" saw negative biasing information that they were given instructions to disregard, and participants in the final condition saw the same information as those in the second condition but were given no instruction to disregard the …

Toward Validation Of The Sports Behavior Checklist: A Comparison Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder And Control Group Children In A Sports Environment, Aaron Clendenin

LSU Master's Theses

Data from participants (N = 124) was entered into a principal components analysis to test the factor structure of the Sports Behavior Checklist ([SBC] Johnson & Rosen, 2000). The subscales of the SBC were correlated with relevant subscales of the Conners'- Revised Parent Form ( Conners, 1997) and Social Skills Rating System (Gresham & Elliott, 1990). Both of these analyses were conducted to determine the construct validity of the instrument. Additionally, a subsample (N = 92) of low socioeconomic status individuals was used to compare groups of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (n = 49) and non-clinical (n = 43) children on the …

The Cognitive Components Of Punishment, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski, Forest Jourden

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Home Literacy Environment And Phonological Awareness In Preschool Children: Differential Effects For Rhyme And Phoneme Awareness, Judith G. Foy, Virginia A. Mann

Psychological Science Faculty Works

The literature to date suggests that the best predictor of early reading ability, phonological awareness, appears to be associated with the acquisition of letter-sound and vocabulary knowledge and with the development of well-defined phonological representations. It further suggests that at least some aspects of phonological awareness critically depend upon literacy exposure. In this study of 4- to 6-year-olds, we examine whether aspects of the home literacy environment are differentially associated with phonological awareness. Parental responses to a questionnaire about the home literacy environment are compared to children's awareness of rhyme and phonemes, as well as to their vocabulary, letter knowledge, …

Corpus Callosum Abnormalities In Psychopathic Antisocial Individuals, Joseph B. Hellige

Psychological Science Faculty Works

Context: Psychopathic antisocial individuals have previously been characterized by abnormal interhemispheric processing and callosal functioning, but there have been no studies on the structural characteristics of the corpus callosum in this group. Objectives: To assess whether (1) psychopathic individuals with antisocial personality disorder show structural and functional impairments in the corpus callosum, (2) group differences are mirrored by correlations between dimensional measures of callosal structure and psychopathy, (3) callosal abnormalities are associated with affective deficits, and (4) callosal abnormalities are independent of psychosocial deficits. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Community sample. Participants: Fifteen men with antisocial personality disorder and high psychopathy …

Examining Ethnic Faultlines In Groups: A Multimethod Study Of Demographic Alignment, Leadership Profiles, Coalition Formation, Intersubgroup Conflict And Group Outcomes, Katerina Bezrukova, Karen A. Jehn

Psychology

This study used multiple methods to examine the effects of group member demographic alignment on coalition formation, intersubgroup conflict, and individual and group level outcomes in common-goal groups. The study uses a 2 by 2 experimental design, crossing demographic alignment (alignment vs. no alignment) and group leadership profile (split leaders vs. no split) as between-subjects variables. Data from 5 types of measurement were used to analyze the effects of member alignment and leadership profiles. We distinguish between potential group faultlines (aligned demographic characteristics of members) and active group faultlines (members actually divide into subgroups based on the aligned demographic characteristics) …

Perceptions Of Selected New Jersey Superintendents On The Role Of Administrative Experi Ence In The Hiring And Selection Of Elementary Principals, Drucilla W. Clark

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Predicting Performance Of Law Enforcement Personnel Using The Candidate And Officer Personnel Survey And Other Psychological Measures, Matthew Guller

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Project Peace Revisited: An Evaluation Of A Violence Prevention Program For East Coast Adolescents, Sophia L. Kary

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Sequelae Of Political Torture: Narratives Of Trauma And Resilience By Iranian Torture Survivors, Nouriman Ghahary

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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The Effect Of Post-Marital Co-Habitation With In-Laws On Level Of Acculturation And Marital Satisfaction Of Chinese American Women, Louisa F. Lam

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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The Influence Of Ethnic Identity, Gender And Trait Anxiety On Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy For White And Racial/Ethnic Minority Students, Maureen G. Creagh-Kaiser

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Recent Jewish Immigrants' Communication In Postville, Iowa: A Case Study, Anna I. Levina

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

For this paper the author researched Iowa's immigration history and modern day Postville, a small town that represents a tossed salad of cultural, religious, and linguistic diversities. The author analyzed the current effect of immigration as well as the process of integration and assimilation into the small town through the eyes of its immigrants. The major emphasis is placed on Postville located in northeast Iowa. For 150 years Postville was an all-white, all-Christian farming community of 1,000 souls, most of European ancestry. Today the population of Postville has doubled and of the 2,000 people who reside in Postville almost one …

The Contribution Of Enactments To Structural Family Therapy: A Process Study, Stephanie Fellenberg

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

In an era where the effectiveness of many forms of psychotherapy has been thoroughly examined, the focus of many researchers has shifted from investigating outcome to exploring therapeutic processes. Process studies serve to identify the active ingredients of therapy—that is, those interventions that bring about in-session changes. This process study examines the relationship between the use of enactments, a structural family therapy intervention, and in-session change as observed over the course of the session. Change was measured by the amount of change that occurred in the core problem dynamic, that is, the most prominent pattern of dysfunctional family …

Proactive Personality And The Big Five As Predictors Of Motivation To Learn, Jonathan E. Turner

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

In an environment of changing psychological contracts, corporate downsizing, and increases in alternative self-paced training delivery channels, motivation to learn is believed to represent a key variable in employee self-development that distinguishes employees who will thrive from those who will not. Predicting this variable, then, becomes an important step in managing workforce development and helping employees help themselves. Therefore, the efficacy of relevant personality characteristics as predictors of motivation to learn was investigated. Proactive personality and the Big Five factors of personality were hypothesized to be predictive of motivation to learn. These personality variables are relevant because they have been …

The Role Of Alexithymia In Ethnic Groups On Eating-Related Attitudes And Behaviors, Lisa M. Newman

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Alexithymia, a term referring to deficits in ability to describe and differentiate emotions, has been studied in a variety of Caucasian medical and psychiatric populations, including patients with eating disorders. Research suggests that alexithymia is more prevalent among the Caucasian eating disordered population than the general population. However, there is little research on the prevalence of alexithymia or its relationship to problematic eating-related attitudes and behaviors in African Americans. This study investigated and compared the occurrence of alexithymia and its effects on eating-related attitudes and behaviors in Caucasian and African American college women using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 and the …

Datos Epidemiológicos Del Trastorno Por Déficit De Atención Con Hiperactividad En Una Muestra De Niños Marabinos [Epidemiological Data About Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder In A Sample Of Marabino Children], Cecilia Montiel-Nava, Joaquín A. Peña, Isabel Montiel-Barbero

Psychological Science Faculty Publications

Aims: This study reports the findings of a research project aimed at determining the rate of prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school aged children.

Patients and methods: Different behavioural and cognitive measures were administered to a sample of children between 3 and 13 years of age obtained by means of a multistage sampling procedure that was stratified by socioeconomic and educational level. The sample was made up of 394 children; 33.25% (n = 131) were females and the remaining 66.75% (n = 263) males. The mean age of the sample was 7.64 years old (SD: 2.33). The …

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

Stimulating Fear Reduction: Visual Stimulus, Verbal And Spatial Concentration And Their Effects On Fear, Gregory E. Dixon

Modern Psychological Studies

Studies have suggested that visual stimuli evoking positive emotions may counter the effects of negative emotions. A high level of involvement in a distracting task may reduce the severity of negative emotions. This study combined visual stimuli with level of mental involvement to determine if they had an effect on fear. It was posited that two types of visual stimuli—amusing and spatial—would lower fear, and a high level of involvement with each stimulus would enhance this effect. The stimuli were delivered over the Internet. Fear level was measured using the self-report for the word "afraid" from PANAS. A significant interaction …

To Read Or Not To Read: The Usefulness Of Informed Consent, Natasha E. Webb, Elizabeth D. Taylor

Modern Psychological Studies

Informed consent is an important ethical factor for medicine, psychology, and other needed disciplines. It is necessary for participants to understand an intended research project or procedure in which they plan to take part. This study examined the usefulness of informed consent by administering such a form prior to an irrelevant questionnaire. A simple task was inserted into the reading, which allowed assessment of whether participants actually read the form. Results obtained through the experiment supported the hypothesis that the majority of the participants would not read the consent form. While less than half of each sex actually read the …

Understanding The Problem Of School Violence: Predictive Factors Of Bullying And Victimization, Alisha Santana

Modern Psychological Studies

With the recent surge in school violence, academics have been motivated to investigate factors that influence this tragic phenomenon. Parents, teachers, and other professionals have made broad generalizations as to why children act so maliciously, and some of the research confirms these common sense notions. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the literature and scrutinize its validity. The current paper examines research addressing predictive factors of both bullying and victimization. Results have shown that access to guns, parenting style, parental involvement, social networks, delinquency, social isolation, and prosocial behavior all are associated with bullying behavior. Similarly, victimization is related to …

The Relationship Between Religious Knowledge And Dogmatism In College Students, Christopher F. Silver

Modern Psychological Studies

The relationship between general knowledge of world religions and dogmatism was investigated in a group of college students in Tennessee. Knowledge of world religions was assessed with a written survey and the scores were compared to scores on the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale. Dogmatism is a reluctance to accept new ideas outside of one's own belief or disbeliefs. The results supported the hypothesis that individuals with high levels of dogmatism would also have low levels of knowledge about religious traditions other than their own. Additional analysis indicated that people who identify themselves as more spiritual than religious had lower dogmatism scores …

Synchrony And Conflict: The Relationships Among Eating Disordered Attitudes, Gender Role Orientation, And Dating Styles, Marybeth R. Schubert, Elizabeth Nutt Williams

Modern Psychological Studies

College students were surveyed to explore the relationship between eating disordered attitudes, gender role, and dating style. Specifically, two theories regarding gender role were examined: femininity theory and discrepancy theory. The premise of femininity theory was supported in that femininetyped individuals were more likely to report eating disordered behaviors. In addition, a new measure of dating attitudes was created to provide an assessment of nontraditional dating attitudes; surprisingly not only did those scoring high on eating disordered behaviors also score low on nontraditional dating attitudes, but so did both feminine and androgynous individuals. The results underscore the complexity of the …

Effects Of Ginko Biloba On Memory In Rats For Maze Tricks, Christopher Deleon

Modern Psychological Studies

Previous studies have investigated the effects of an extract of ginkgo biloba on acquisition, performance and retention in rats. It has been suggested that ginkgo increases mental precision by increasing blood flow to the brain. To determine whether ginkgo is a memory enhancer two female Sprague Dawley rats were tested for maze performance during four stages. Stages included four days of maze performance and four days of no maze performance. Subjects were tested in each stage with or without ginkgo in their water supply. It was predicted that subjects would show improved maze performance as measured by a decrease in …

Crime And Violence In Men With Schizophrenia: A Literature Review, Bianca Dijulio

Modern Psychological Studies

This literature review examines the strength of the relationship between schizophrenia and violence, symptoms associated with violence in schizophrenics, and two drug treatments associated with treating violence in schizophrenia. In terms of the relationship between schizophrenia and violence, schizophrenia does not surpass other mental illnesses in its association with violence; however, just as other mental illnesses do, it surpasses the normal population in levels of violence. Two symptoms, hostility and suspiciousness, are common in violent schizophrenics. In contrast, antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy have not been clearly associated with violent schizophrenics, most likely due to methodological problems. Similarly, hallucinations, delusions, …

The Impact Of Previous Operant Learning On Subsequent Maze Learning In Rats, Anissa Adams

Modern Psychological Studies

The inhibition or facilitation of additional learning is a subject that can be investigated with a controlled study. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the effects of previous learning on the inhibiting or facilitation of additional learning. This study was designed to examine whether or not previous learning (continuous reinforcement in an operant chamber) affects how swiftly a rat learns how to run a maze when compared to naive (untrained) rats. A total of nine rats were used, five were previously CRF trained and the remaining four were experimentally naive. Each rat was deprived of water …

Juror Perception: Criminal Verdicts Based On Race, G. S. Bradshaw

Modern Psychological Studies

Many studies have investigated factors that affect juror decision making. The results of these studies vary. This study was designed to examine the effect of race of jurors on their perceptions of guilt in a criminal case, and whether or not race of the defendant influenced the juror's perception of guilt. College students served as participants and were asked to read a summary of a criminal case in which the defendant was in possession of marijuana. The race of the defendant was varied (black, white, or race not specified) and subjects were required to determine if the defendant was guilty …

A Trial Of The Effects Of Intercessory Prayer On Student Performance, Christopher Clark

Masters Theses

The purpose of the present study is to test the efficacy of intercessory prayer on academic performance. One hundred and four students enrolled in a college business class and 63 regular church attendees volunteered to participate in the study. Design for the study was a matched groups reversal design. The students were paired according to their GPA's and randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first test of the semester constituted a baseline measure. For the first four-week period of the class and the first test, neither of the groups received prayer. Next, the church goers each received the …