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The Importance Of Richard Lionheart In The Third Crusade, Stefan Caplazi Mr. Apr 2020

The Importance Of Richard Lionheart In The Third Crusade, Stefan Caplazi Mr.

Young Historians Conference

The impact that King Richard III of England had on the third crusade is apparent through his limited strategic victories on the battlefield. Richard III did well with his limited resources, but ultimately failed to retake Jerusalem. Due to unforeseeable events, Richard III lost his military support before embarking on much of the campaign to regain the Holy Land. These events proved detrimental to his task. While he was an excellent strategist and fearsome leader, Richard III simply lacked the resources and troops to succeed. This paper argues that with more military support, Richard “The Lionheart” would have retaken the …


The Spies That Founded America: How The War For Independence Revolutionized American Espionage, Masaki Lew Apr 2020

The Spies That Founded America: How The War For Independence Revolutionized American Espionage, Masaki Lew

Young Historians Conference

Prior to the American Revolutionary War (1775-1883), tensions rose as American colonial smugglers circumvented British taxes. By the onset of the conflict, Continental General George Washington faced a daunting British military invasion. Washington's strategy to outmaneuver and tire enemy forces necessitated a way to anticipate incoming attacks. Thus, he looked to espionage, but found few colonists with professional experience. So who would have the deceptive skills to fulfill the task? An exploration of Washington’s dilemma provides compelling evidence explaining how the colonial smugglers who started the war became the Patriot spies who ended it.


Surviving A Batterer: An Ideal Policy Approach To Combating Intimate Partner Violence (Ipv), Samantha Molisee-Sherman Apr 2020

Surviving A Batterer: An Ideal Policy Approach To Combating Intimate Partner Violence (Ipv), Samantha Molisee-Sherman

Featured Research

Gender violence has plagued developed and developing societies for centuries, embedded in culture, structures, and ways of life. Women have been seen as pieces of property with no autonomy or individualism, just as extensions of their husbands. My research centers around finding an ideal policy solution to diminish rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the case of California. Interviews and data collection with legislators concerning education, rehabilitation or batterer intervention programs (BIP), and care providers in emergency shelters regarding victims’ services provided insight on a three-pronged approach targeted at curbing rates of IPV in California. My findings yielded that …


507— Partisan Polarization: American Democracy's Silent Enemy, Bryan Sokolowski Apr 2020

507— Partisan Polarization: American Democracy's Silent Enemy, Bryan Sokolowski

GREAT Day Posters

During a time of intense partisan polarization our democracy and its respective institutions have experienced several instances of gridlock. Our elected representatives’ failure to pursue crucial pieces of legislation has provoked the general public to disapprove of government and politicians. Partisan polarization has changed the entire political environment in the United States. Today, politics is a field most people distance themselves from, fearing to expose their beliefs, or intolerant of opposing partisan views. Some are also led to believe that their views or opinions do not matter, nor would they change the results of an election. For politicians it has …


Croatian Radical Separatism And Diaspora Terrorism During The Cold War, Mate Nikola Tokić Apr 2020

Croatian Radical Separatism And Diaspora Terrorism During The Cold War, Mate Nikola Tokić

Central European Studies

Croatian Radical Separatism and Diaspora Terrorism During the Cold War examines one of the most active but least remembered groups of terrorists of the Cold War: radical anti-Yugoslav Croatian separatists. Operating in countries as widely dispersed as Sweden, Australia, Argentina, West Germany, and the United States, Croatian extremists were responsible for scores of bombings, numerous attempted and successful assassinations, two guerilla incursions into socialist Yugoslavia, and two airplane hijackings during the height of the Cold War. In Australia alone, Croatian separatists carried out no less than sixty-five significant acts of violence in one ten-year period. Diaspora Croats developed one of …


Australian National Audit Office: Evaluating Australian Army Program Performance, Bert Chapman Apr 2020

Australian National Audit Office: Evaluating Australian Army Program Performance, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research

The Australian National Audit Office (ANAO) evaluates the management and financial performance of Australian government programs for the Australian Parliament, Australian government agencies, Australian taxpayers, and individuals interested in the performance of these programs globally. This article examines how ANAO has examined the performance of Australian Army programs and strengths and weaknesses found in these programs while recommending changes to improve program performance. It also examines how government agencies and corporations which have been the subject of ANAO analyses have reacted to ANAO findings. This assessment also examines how Plan B (the possibility that Australia might have to rely less …


An Analysis Of Burden Sharing In Nato And The Problem Of Free Riding, Anthony Zannella Apr 2020

An Analysis Of Burden Sharing In Nato And The Problem Of Free Riding, Anthony Zannella

Political Analysis

Anthony Zannella is a Seton Hall University 2019 graduate and a student of the Honors Program. He majored in Political Science and Philosophy. After taking classes that focused on international relations, he was inspired to write his thesis to further broaden his knowledge about geo-politics and United States foreign policy. Post-graduation, he plans to apply to law school and continue to study international trends that are linked to United States foreign policy. Additionally, he hopes to pursue a higher degree in Philosophy.


A Comprehensive Cybersecurity Policy For The United States Government According To Cyberattacks And Exploits In The 21st Century, Diana Hallisey Apr 2020

A Comprehensive Cybersecurity Policy For The United States Government According To Cyberattacks And Exploits In The 21st Century, Diana Hallisey

Honors Program Contracts

Adversaries launch cyberattacks or cyber-exploits with contrasting intentions and desired outcomes. A cyberattack is a malicious attempt by a state, third party, or individual to disrupt a computer’s network; whereas, a cyber-exploit is an action that uncovers and steals “confidential” information from a computer’s data. 1 Within this research paper, the main adversary of such cyberattacks and/or exploits will be the nation-state. The victims of these cyberattacks will range from multinational corporations, such as Sony, to nuclear programs in Iran. This essay will focus on four motivations behind such cyberattacks: (1) private sector hacking (the theft of intellectual property) (2) …


Cybersecurity (Cs 3550): Lecture 21: Hacking Democracy: Election Security, Michael Whiteman, Nyc Tech-In-Residence Corps Apr 2020

Cybersecurity (Cs 3550): Lecture 21: Hacking Democracy: Election Security, Michael Whiteman, Nyc Tech-In-Residence Corps

Open Educational Resources

Lecture for the course: CIS 3550: Cybersecurity - "21: Hacking Democracy: Election Security" delivered at Baruch College in Spring 2020 by Michael Whiteman as part of the Tech-in-Residence Corps program.


Geopolitics And The Digital Domain: How Cyberspace Is Impacting International Security, Georgia Wood Apr 2020

Geopolitics And The Digital Domain: How Cyberspace Is Impacting International Security, Georgia Wood

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The digital domain is the emerging environment for which the internet and data connectivity exists. This new domain is challenging the traditional place for geopolitics to exist, and creating new challenges to international relations. The use of cyberweapons through direct cyberattacks, such as the possibility of an attack on the U.S. power grid, or misinformation campaigns, such as the one launched by Russia against the 2016 U.S. Presidential election, can expand the international threat landscape. While these new threats increase, states are widely not prepared to address the new challenges in the digital domain. This paper will use three primary …


Social Trust And Soft Power: The Role Of Social Trust In Democratic Countries’ Soft Power Use, Judit Trunkos Apr 2020

Social Trust And Soft Power: The Role Of Social Trust In Democratic Countries’ Soft Power Use, Judit Trunkos

Theses and Dissertations

We have learned about democracies’ peaceful behaviour but we know relatively little about why some democracies are more peaceful and use more soft power instruments than others. I argue that contrary to competing theories that link soft power use to budget size or institutions, it is the variation in the public’s social trust that drives the variation in peaceful behaviour. Individual’s social trust toward peaceful foreign policies are shaped by their core beliefs about trusting other people, which vary across democracies. I argue that leader’s with more trusting populations will be more likely to use soft power instruments becasue they …


Institutional Form And Its Influence On Instability Following The Assassination Of A Head Of State, Ashlee Mcgill Apr 2020

Institutional Form And Its Influence On Instability Following The Assassination Of A Head Of State, Ashlee Mcgill

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

The period following an assassination is one of fear and uncertainty for citizens of a nation after their leader has been assassinated. However, different nations experience assassinations differently; while some collapse and result in failed states, other nations have seen leaders rise to power. Thus, I examine how institutional forms—democracy, autocracy, and anocracy—influence and structure how a country experiences instability following the assassination of a head of state. I do this through a qualitative case study of three assassinations: John F. Kennedy of the United States in 1963; Rafael Trujillo of the Dominica Republic in 1961; and José Antonio “Chichi” …


Space And Defense – Volume Eleven – Number One – Spring 2019, Space And Defense Journal Mar 2020

Space And Defense – Volume Eleven – Number One – Spring 2019, Space And Defense Journal

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.


Space And Defense – Volume Nine – Number One – Spring 2016, Space And Defense Journal Mar 2020

Space And Defense – Volume Nine – Number One – Spring 2016, Space And Defense Journal

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.


Space And Defense – Volume Eight – Number One – Spring 2015, Space And Defense Journal Mar 2020

Space And Defense – Volume Eight – Number One – Spring 2015, Space And Defense Journal

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.


Space And Defense – Volume Six – Number One – Fall 2012, Space And Defense Journal Mar 2020

Space And Defense – Volume Six – Number One – Fall 2012, Space And Defense Journal

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.


Space And Defense – Volume Five – Number One – Summer 2011, Space And Defense Journal Mar 2020

Space And Defense – Volume Five – Number One – Summer 2011, Space And Defense Journal

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.


Space And Defense – Volume Four – Number One – Winter 2010, Space And Defense Journal Mar 2020

Space And Defense – Volume Four – Number One – Winter 2010, Space And Defense Journal

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.


Space And Defense – Volume Three – Number One – Summer 2009, Space And Defense Journal Mar 2020

Space And Defense – Volume Three – Number One – Summer 2009, Space And Defense Journal

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.


Space And Defense – Volume Two – Number Two – Winter 2008, Space And Defense Journal Mar 2020

Space And Defense – Volume Two – Number Two – Winter 2008, Space And Defense Journal

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.


Space And Defense – Volume Two – Number One – Winter 2008, Space And Defense Journal Mar 2020

Space And Defense – Volume Two – Number One – Winter 2008, Space And Defense Journal

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.


Space And Defense – Volume One – Number One – Fall 2006, Space And Defense Journal Mar 2020

Space And Defense – Volume One – Number One – Fall 2006, Space And Defense Journal

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.


Transregional Southeast Asia: Perspectives From An Outlier, Caroline S.; Hau Mar 2020

Transregional Southeast Asia: Perspectives From An Outlier, Caroline S.; Hau

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

The Philippines is commonly understood to occupy an anomalous position in Southeast Asian area studies. This essay explores the logic, politics, and logistics of the inclusion and exclusion of the Philippines in or from Southeast Asian studies. Perspectives on and from the Philippines can help rethink and refine concepts of “region” by emphasizing, rather than glossing over, the transregional connections and histories that link the Philippines and its localities to its neighbors, to various regions, and to the world. Area studies need not be hobbled by an intellectual parochialism that cordons off analysis at any given local, national, regional, and …


Eberhard Crailsheim And María Dolores Elizalde, Eds. The Representation Of External Threats: From The Middle Ages To The Modern World, Review Author: Coello De La Rosa Mar 2020

Eberhard Crailsheim And María Dolores Elizalde, Eds. The Representation Of External Threats: From The Middle Ages To The Modern World, Review Author: Coello De La Rosa

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

No abstract provided.


Sport Diplomacy And Uk Soft Power: The Case Of Mount Everest, Richard Woodward Mar 2020

Sport Diplomacy And Uk Soft Power: The Case Of Mount Everest, Richard Woodward

Articles

Sport is widely acknowledged as an important contributor to the United Kingdom’s soft power resources. This article aims to broaden and deepen our understanding of sport and soft power in the United Kingdom through a case study of British expeditions to, and the eventual conquest of, Mount Everest. Based on original archival research, the article demonstrates that British state institutions intervened systematically and strategically to expedite, and massage the story of, the ascent of Everest to burnish British prestige and present a favourable image to the world. In doing so, the article provides evidence that sport has been intrinsic to …


Edx And Harvardx. China X. China’S Past, Present And Future, Constance Wilkinson Mar 2020

Edx And Harvardx. China X. China’S Past, Present And Future, Constance Wilkinson

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.


Empire And Its Afterlives, Inder Marwah, Jennifer Pitts, Timothy Vasko, Onur Ulas Ince, Robert Nichols Mar 2020

Empire And Its Afterlives, Inder Marwah, Jennifer Pitts, Timothy Vasko, Onur Ulas Ince, Robert Nichols

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

At the time of its 2005 publication, Jennifer Pitts’ A Turn to Empire was among a handful of works in political theory probing imperialism’s constitutive influence over modern political thought.


Hybrid Warfare Nato’S Next Headache, Erika Simpson Feb 2020

Hybrid Warfare Nato’S Next Headache, Erika Simpson

Political Science Publications

The article discusses the rising challenge of hybrid warfare for NATO, which combines military and cyber attacks. All 29 NATO allies pledged at the 2014 Wales Summit to prepare for such threats, which can target critical infrastructure like banks, businesses, and government systems. Examples include Russia's alleged cyber attacks on Georgia and China's hacking of Equifax. NATO is enhancing its defenses by developing rapid-reaction cyber-defense teams and improving intelligence sharing. However, the complexity of attributing cyber attacks complicates the response. The article underscores the importance of resilience among member states and NATO's efforts to create common guidelines to counter these …


Unipolarity And Foreign Policy: An Examination Of The Unipolar U.S And Its Subsequent Foreign Policy Constraints, Madeleine Smith Feb 2020

Unipolarity And Foreign Policy: An Examination Of The Unipolar U.S And Its Subsequent Foreign Policy Constraints, Madeleine Smith

University Honors Theses

The current unipolar system is undeniable, but also undeniably going to shift in the future. Yet as unipolarity has persisted, the U.S has made many foreign policy and grand strategy decisions based on the structural constraints and flexibilities of being the unipole. This trend may not be an advisable one should a shift in power occur. My question is, should the system return to bi or multipolarity, how will U.S foreign policy be able to accommodate these changes peacefully after it has so long been centered around maintaining the unipolar system and its current status? Additionally how will the U.S …


Book Review: Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, And The Rise Of The Taliban By Larry P. Goodson, Joe Dunn Feb 2020

Book Review: Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, And The Rise Of The Taliban By Larry P. Goodson, Joe Dunn

Journal of Political Science

No abstract provided.