Digital Commons Network^™

Limacella Subtropicana (Amanitaceae, Agaricales), A New Species From Pakistan Based On Morphological And Molecular Phylogenetic Evidences, Aiman Izhar, Abdul Rehman Niazi, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Haq Nawaz, Hira Bashir, Abdul Nasir Khalid

Turkish Journal of Botany

Basidiomata of a hitherto undescribed Limacella species were collected from the grasslands of Punjab, Pakistan. We describe it as Limacella subtropicana, which is characterized by its viscid, white to creamy pileus, white to the creamy stipe, changing to brown when bruised, subglobose basidiospores measuring 4.0?6.3 × 3.7?5.5 ?m, an ixotrichodermal pileipellis with subcylindric to clavate terminal elements and the common presence of clamp connections in all tissues. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of ITS sequences and LSU sequences of nrDNA confirmed its placement in the genus Limacella. A comprehensive description and a comparison of the new taxon with other …

Effect Of Seaweed-Based Liquid Extracts On Biomass Production And Lipid Accumulation In Nannochloropsis Oculata And Dunaliella Salina, Krishna Moorthy Abarna, Rani Velu, Padmavathy P, Jawahar P, Uma A, Kalidas C, Satya Prakash Shukla

Turkish Journal of Botany

Seaweed liquid fertilizers (SLFs) contain macronutrients, micronutrients and trace nutrients essential for microalgal growth. The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of SLFs on the biomass production, biochemical and physiological processes; and the study was carried out at different SLF concentrations of selected seaweeds i.e. Kappaphycus alvarezii, Gelidiella acerosa and Turbinaria ornata. The comparative analysis of the growth performance of two unicellular green alga on three different organic media suggest that the liquid fertilizer from red seaweed was highly efficient than the SLF prepared from brown seaweed. The growth rate of N. oculata and D. salina in K. alvarezii SLF …

Role Of More Axillary Growth2 (Max2) Protein In Regulation Of Karrikin And Strigolactone Signalling Pathways, Sarika Singh, Moin Uddin, M. Masroor A. Khan, Sobia Aman Chishti, Sangram Singh, Urooj Hassan Bhatt

Turkish Journal of Botany

MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2) is an F-box protein, containing leucine-rich repeats. It is a common regulator in signalling pathways of both karrikin and strigolactone, and has several homologs such as MAX1, MAX3, and MAX4, which play a key role in the biosynthesis of strigolactone. It also interacts with various receptors and repressors of karrikin and strigolactone. Karrikins are a group of plant growth regulators found in the smoke of burning plant material and had the ability to stimulate seed germination, whereas strigolactone is a newly discovered plant hormone that regulates shoot and root branching and plays a vital role …

Effects Of Moderate Drought On Leaf Bulliform Cells Of Aquatic And Coastal Population Of Phragmites Australis, Olena Nedukha

Turkish Journal of Botany

Studying leaves of aquatic and terrestrial populations of Phragmites australis grown on the bank of the Venetian strait of the Dnipro River in Kyiv (Ukraine) for establishing the role of bulliform cells in the mechanisms of plant resistance to moderate soil drought were studied. Bulliform (motor) cells participate in the twisting and folding of leaves during drought and strong sunlight. The study of bulliform cells in the leaves of the aquatic and terrestrial populations of P. australis was carried out using the methods of light microscopy, cytochemical methods, laser confocal microscopy, and biochemical methods. The comparative analysis of the structure …

Marrubium Zeydanlii (Lamiaceae), A New Species From Turkey, Zeki̇ Aytaç, Bahar Kaptaner İğci̇, Tuğba Ertuğrul, Nur Münevver Pinar, Deni̇z Aygören Uluer, Bariş Özüdoğru

Turkish Journal of Botany

Marrubium zeydanlii (Lamiaceae) is described as a new species from Turkey. It is similar to M. depauperatum and M. sivasense; however, it is distinguished from M. depauperatum by having lanate hairs on the stem, oblanceolate dentate leaves, 4?6-flowered verticillasters. It is also distinguished from M. sivasense by having lanate hairs on the stem, oblanceolate leaves, and shorter petals. The pollen grains are radially symmetrical and isopolar, the shape is oblate-spheroidal with the polar axes 16.7-20 µm and the equatorial axes 17.6-19.3 µm. trnL-F region was used to identify the phylogenetic position of the newly described species. The results …

Common Garden Study Reveals Frost-Tolerant, Generalist Northern Seed Sources Are Best Suited To Expand Range Of Quercus Rubra, Emily Lindback

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Climate change is shifting the potential suitable range of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) faster than it can migrate, creating an adaptation lag. Quercus rubra is prominent in eastern North American forests and important for its carbon sequestration, ecological roles, and economic significance. Our study addresses which populations of Q. rubra are best suited for climatic conditions at the northern and central range limits. Our findings can inform forestry management policies such as assisted migration, where species are transferred within their native range to mitigate the effects of climate change. We planted over 800 Q. rubra seedlings …

Characterizing Drought Adaptations, Phenotypic Plasticity, And Fixed Gene Expression Patterns Within Quercus, James K. Rauschendorfer

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This dissertation was written on topics related to the genus Quercus with a primary focus on Quercus ellipsoidalis (northern pin oak) and Quercus rubra (northern red oak). Within this dissertation are chapters related to the setup of experimental common gardens within the Ford and Kellogg experimental forest, a literature review describing drought adaptations of Quercus sect. Lobatae (red oak group), identification of transcription factors within the Q. robur (English oak) and Q. rubra genomes, a study comparing leaf trait phenotypic plasticity of Q. ellipsoidalis and Q. rubra, and an RNA-seq experiment studying ecological speciation between Q. ellipsoidalis and Q. …

The Development Of A Photographic Atlas Of Plant Adaptations For Pollination, Bethany Van Dusseldorp

Honors Program Theses

Plants have biotic, abiotic, or both biotic and abiotic adaptations for pollination, depending on how they are structured and the attraction between the plant and pollinator. The main focus for this project was biotic adaptations for pollination, and how various plants are specifically structured for the insect, bird, or mammal to pick up the pollen and carry it to the next plant. Documentation, using image/focus stacking and macro photography, was done of the structures of various plants from the University of Northern Iowa (UNI) Botanical Center to support the reason for why plants are structured the way they are. While …

A Micro-Environmental System For Fast Propagation Of Blueberries, Tristan Bonifield

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The demand for blueberries has continued to rise over the decades as its popularity has spread in North America and the world. Propagation of new plants to supply new farms and individuals is needed to meet that demand. Here we report the invention of a closed system that was tested by examining the growth of the cuttings (plant length, rooting, and root length) after a one-month period in both the proposed system and a traditional mist system. The proposed system showed a few statistically significant advantages over the traditional mist system with no consistent trend, besides a decrease in wilting …

Cenchrus Ciliaris - Environmental Weed Risk Assessment 2022, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Environmental Weed Risk Assessments

Introducing new plants to an area may have both positive and negative effects on the environment, economy and community. To minimise the negative environmental impact of introducing new agricultural species, DPIRD conducts a risk assessment procedure based on widely accepted scientific standards. This report assesses Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris). Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) is a perennial grass forming tufted tussocks to 1m which is native to large parts of Africa, Arabian Peninsula, western Asia, Middle East and the Indian sub-continent (Humphreys 1967). Seedheads form a dense, hairy cylindrical spike, with straw-coloured burrs or fascicles comprising 1-4 spikelets which are light …

Wa Insecticide Guide 2022 - Winter Spring, Svetlana Micic, Alan Lord

PestFacts WA

Registered chemicals for crops during winter / spring 2022

Important

The pesticides listed in the tables within this guide can be used on any crop appearing on the chemical label, as long as the rate used does not exceed the highest rate that is registered for use on that crop.

There are many products with different trade names that contain the same active ingredient. This list is not exhaustive and does not imply any specific recommendations of brand names.

Unless otherwise specified all insecticides listed are emulsifiable concentrate (EC). Insecticides with SC are suspension concentrate, WP is wettable powder, CS …

Growing South Dakota (Fall 2021 / Winter 2022), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 3 SDSU Launches New Professional Program in Veterinary Medicine
[Page] 7 The 6th Generation
[Page] 9 First-Gen Proud
[Page] 11 Student Success
[Page] 21 Alumni News
[Page] 27 CAFES News and Updates
[Page] 45 Jackrabbits Now and Then: A Current Student and Alumni Q&A

Field Validation Of A Farmer Supplied Data Approach To Close Soybean Yield Gaps In The Us North Central Region, José F. Andrade, Spyridon Mourtzinis, Juan I. Rattalino Edreira, Shawn P. Conley, John Gaska, Herman J. Kandel, Laura E. Lindsey, Seth Naeve, Scott Nelson, Maninder P. Singhi, Laura J. Thompson, James E. Specht, Patricio Grassini

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

CONTEXT: Producer-reported data can be used to identify suites of management practices that lead to higher yield and profit. However, a rigorous validation of the approach in relation to its potential impact on farmer yield and profit is lacking.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to validate a producer-data approach on its capability to guide on-farm evaluation of management practices with greatest potential for increasing producer yield and profit. We show proof of concept using soybean in the North Central US region as a case study.

METHODS: We used a combination of regression tree analysis and a spatial framework to determine practices …

A New Perspective When Examining Maize Fertilizer Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Incrementally, Newell R. Kitchen, Curtis J. Ransom, James S. Schepers, Jerry L. Hatfield, Raymond Massey, Scott T. Drummond

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

For maize (Zea mays L.), nitrogen (N) fertilizer use is often summarized from field to global scales using average N use efficiency (NUE). But expressing NUE as averages is misleading because grain increase to added N diminishes near optimal yield. Thus, environmental risks increase as economic benefits decrease. Here, we use empirical datasets obtained in North America of maize grain yield response to N fertilizer (n = 189) to create and interpret incremental NUE (iNUE), or the change in NUE with change in N fertilization. We show for those last units of N applied to reach economic optimal N …

Inactivation Of The Entire Arabidopsis Group Ii Gh3s Confers Tolerance To Salinity And Water Deficit, Rubén Casanova-Sáez, Eduardo Mateo-Bonmatí, Jan Šimura, Aleš Pěnčík, Ondřej Novák, Paul Staswick, Karin Ljung

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) controls a plethora of developmental processes. Thus, regulation of its concentration is of great relevance for plant performance. Cellular IAA concentration depends on its transport, biosynthesis and the various pathways for IAA inactivation, including oxidation and conjugation.

Group II members of the GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) gene family code for acyl acid amido synthetases catalysing the conjugation of IAA to amino acids. However, the high degree of functional redundancy among them has hampered thorough analysis of their roles in plant development.

In this work, we generated an Arabidopsis gh3.1,2,3,4,5,6,9,17 (gh3oct) mutant to knock out the group II …

Root Exudates Impact Plant Performance Under Abiotic Stress, Yen Ning Chai, Daniel P. Schachtman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Plant root exudates serve pivotal roles in supporting plant development and interactions with the physicochemical and biological factors in the rhizosphere. Under stress conditions, root exudation is involved in enhancing plant resource-use efficiency and facilitating the crosstalk between plant and soil microbes to ameliorate stress. Although there are a large number of root exudates that remain to be characterized, recent technological advancements have allowed for the function of many exudate compounds to be elucidated. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the key root exudates that modulate plant resource-use efficiency under various abiotic stresses including drought, aluminum toxicity, phosphorus, …

Getting To The Root Cause: The Genetic Underpinnings Of Root System Architecture And Rhizodeposition In Sorghum, Farren Smith

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Plants are some of the most diverse organisms on earth, consisting of more than 350,000 different species. To understand the underlying processes that contributed to plant diversification, it is fundamental to identify the genetic and genomic components that facilitated various adaptations over evolutionary history. Most studies to date have focused on the underlying controls of above-ground traits such as grain and vegetation; however, little is known about the “hidden half” of plants. Root systems comprise half of the total plant structure and provide vital functions such as anchorage, resource acquisition, and storage of energy reserves. The execution of these key …

Of Course Crustaceans Are Sentient: But There's More To The Story, Arthur S. Reber, Frantisek Baluska, William B. Miller Jr.

Animal Sentience

We are in basic agreement with Crump et al. that animal welfare, particularly with regard to the experience of pain, is a topic of importance. However, we come to the issue from a different perspective, one in which all species are sentient and can feel pain. The implications of this theory are discussed.

The Impacts Of Maple Syrup Production On The Herbaceous Layer In Appalachian Hardwood Forests, Logan Scott Ferguson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Vegetation data were collected from eight maple syrup farms (sugarbushes) and eight undeveloped maple-dominated sites to examine potential differences in understory plant communities due to disturbance effects. Understory plants were identified to the species level and percent cover of aboveground leaf-area for each species was estimated within 600 total quadrats. Overstory data and environmental data were collected to help determine if they had any effect on herbaceous-layer plant communities. Species richness, Shannon diversity, and Pielou’s evenness were calculated, with the analysis showing no significant differences between the site types. The absolute cover of plant functional groups was also compared between …

Industrial Hemp As A Resource For Birds In Agroecosystems: Human–Wildlife Conflict Or Conservation Opportunity?, Emily A. Kotten, Iona Hennessy, Bryan M. Kluever, Zachary T. Brym, Bradley F. Blackwell, Lee A. Humberg, Page E. Klug

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.; hemp) is an emerging crop in the United States with little known about bird use or the potential for birds to become an agricultural pest. We identified birds associated with hemp fields, using repeated visits to oilseed plots in North Dakota, USA (n = 6) and cannabinoid (CBD) plots in Florida, USA (n = 4) from August to November 2020. We did not control for plot area or density; our observations were descriptive only. We observed 10 species in hemp, 12 species flying over hemp, and 11 species both foraging in and …

In Silico Analysis Of Xth Gene Family From Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) And Their Comparative Expression Analysis During Germination, Hülya Akdemi̇r Koç, Merve Seven, Ümi̇t Cem Derman, Andrew John Harvey

Turkish Journal of Botany

Changes in plant cell walls are critical for expansion and growth. Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) enzymes are the major modifiers of xyloglucan within the cell wall and are present as large gene families. Despite the paucity of xyloglucan in barley, our analyses of the barley genome revealed at least 42 XTH genes, the most XTH members recorded for a monocot genome to date. In this paper, we show a detailed look at the barley XTH gene family, including detailed bioinformatics analyses of conserved protein motifs and structure, phylogenetic relationships, and a comparison of the expression patterns during germination and seedling growth …

New Species And New Record In Agaricus Subg. Minores From India, Entaj Tarafder, Arun Kumar Dutta, Krishnendu Acharya

Turkish Journal of Botany

Two new species of Agaricus, namely A. midnapurensis and A. purpureosquamulosus, belonging to A. subg. Minores, are proposed here as new to science based on specimens collected in West Bengal, India. Agaricus midnapurensis is distinguished by its medium-sized basidiomata with a pileus covered by greyish brown to brown or dark brown squamules, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with a mean value of 7.3 × 5.4 µm, and broadly clavate to pyriform cheilocystidia, 22-28 × 10-14 µm. Agaricus purpureosquamulosus has purplish coloured pileus squamules, ellipsoid to elongate basidiospores with a mean value of 7.3 × 4.5 µm, and clavate cheilocystidia measuring …

Shackletonia Backorii - A New Species Of Lichenised Fungus From James Ross Island (Antarctic Peninsula), Mehmet Gökhan Halici, Mi̇that Güllü, Ekrem Bölükbaşi, Merve Kahraman Yi̇ği̇t

Turkish Journal of Botany

The new lichen species Shackletonia backorii Halıcı, Güllü & Kahraman is described from James Ross Island, which is located in the North-East Antarctic Peninsula region. The new species is morphologically most similar to S. insignis (Søchting & Øvstedal) Søchting, Frödén & Arup, which was described from Livingstone Island (North-West Antarctic Peninsula region). These two species have a similar bluish grey to blackish thallus with a microfruticose and coralloid structure and red brown or almost black zeorine apothecia, but S. backorii has rhomboid ascospores and grows on soil whereas S. insignis has ellipsoid ascospores and occurs in sheltered crevices of rocks. …

Genome-Wide Identification And Evolutionary Analysis Of Cngc Gene Families In Sixteen Brassicaceae Plant Genomes, Akram Ali Baloch, Kaleem U. Kakar, Asma Abro, Muhammad Mushtaq, Zarqa Nawaz, Abrar Hussain

Turkish Journal of Botany

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) are ligand-gated calcium signaling channels, play vital biological functions. Nonetheless, the CNGC gene families have not been well studied in Brassicaceae which includes commercially important and evolutionary model crops. Here, using in silico approaches, we recognized 414 CNGC genes in sixteen sequenced genomes of Brassicaceae species, which represent 10 genera of 8 tribes, ranging between 10-51 genes. These CNGCs can be classified into four main groups (I-IV) and two subgroups (IV-A and IV-B), of which, Group-II CNGC is the oldest that has gradually disappeared from the Arabis alpina L. genome. These results present a comprehensive overview …

Ecological Intensification With Soil Health Practices Demonstrates Positive Impacts On Multiple Soil Properties: A Large-Scale Farmer-Led Experiment, Fernanda Souza Krupek, Daren D. Redfearn, Kent M. Eskridge, Andrea Basche

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Improving soil health is critical to reversing trends of soil degradation and is of increasing interest to a range of stakeholders including policymakers, agricultural industry leaders, food companies, and farmers. Crop and soil management practices focused on ecological functions can be effective in restoring fundamental biological, chemical and physical soil properties. The call for ecological intensification of agricultural systems has the potential to improve soil health and input-use efficiency. In this study, we developed a framework to classify spatial and temporal ecological intensification with soil health practices: tillage, crop rotation, cover crop, organic amendment, and crop-livestock integration. We applied this …

Phosphorus Use And Management Based On Fertilizer Placement, Rate Of Application, And Soil Biota In No-Till Situations, Brennan Alexander Bingham Lewis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Phosphorus (P) pollution has become a concern among multiple scientific organizations as it leads to eutrophication, an algal bloom that depletes lacustrine and marine ecosystems of native species. Multiple strategies can be implemented to reduce phosphorus loss from agriculture fields, which is often implicated as a cause of eutrophication. Soil phosphorus chemistry results in phosphate fertilizers absorbing to clay minerals over time. Soil phosphorus is lost from agricultural fields primarily through wind and water erosion. No-till practices prevent soil erosion, which reduces the phosphorus from loading into waterways. Fertilizer placement affects phosphorus loss. Surface application of phosphorus fertilizers increases the …

The Effects Of Average Annual Temperature On Flowering Times And Flower Count, Angela Copploe

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Over a course of 15 years, three different species of flowers were examined to see the relationship between the increase in average annual temperature, flowering time, and flower count.

Optimizing Nitrogen Management In Winter Wheat Production Systems For Improved Bread Baking Quality, Ammar Sadiq Mahdi Al Zubade

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

In Kentucky, there is growing interest among farmers to produce high protein and strong gluten wheat that is suitable for bread baking to meet the demand of local artisanal bakers. Soft red winter wheat (SRW) is the most commonly wheat grown in the state and throughout the Southeastern US. Flours produced from SRW are relatively low in grain nitrogen (N) due to the region’s moderate winters and warm humid conditions during grain filling. As such, SRW is used in baking products where lower protein flours are preferred, such as cookies, cakes, pastries and crackers. Unlike SRW, hard red winter wheat …

Manipulating Species Diversity: Environmental Impacts In Row Crop, Livestock, And Grassland Agroecosystems, Alayna A. Jacobs

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

The diversity of living species in an agroecosystem affects both natural resources and agricultural production efficiency. The rise of managed plant monocultures has allowed agricultural yields to increase over time. However, simplifying agroecosystems affects the capacity of the system to sustainably provide clean air, water, and productive soils essential for continued food and fiber production. This dissertation manipulates species diversity in row crop and forage agroecosystems prevalent in the Eastern United States and tracks the associated environmental and agricultural production consequences.

In row crop agroecosystems, increasing plant diversity with winter cover crops has been suggested as a strategy to increase …

The Role Of Class Xi Myosin In Fertilization Of Arabidopsis Thaliana, Umma Fatema

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Fertilization is the process of fusion of haploid male and female gametes to develop a new individual. In most animals, microtubules drive the migration of the female pronucleus toward the male pronucleus for fertilization. By contrast, the fertilization process in flowering plants is dependent on actin filament (F-actin) dynamics; F-actin, not microtubules, is responsible for sperm nuclear migration. In one of the female gamete cells, the central cell, constant F-actin meshwork inward movement towards the nucleus takes place to transfer the sperm nucleus for karyogamy. This inward F-actin dynamic is controlled by a unique ARP2/3 (Actin Related Protein 2/3)-independent WAVE/SCAR …