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Tissue Culture In Rice (Oryza Sativa L. Subsp. Japonica Var. Lemont), Young M. Woo

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to obtain callus induction and subsequent plantlet regeneration from various explants of rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica var. Lemont). Callus induction occurred from the somatic cells of ovary wall, immature and mature embryos, immature endosperm, stem nodes, and seedlings. Plantlets were regenerated from embryo-, endosperm-, and stem node-derived calli on differentiation media. Stem nodes were the most responsive to callus induction. Requirements for optimal callus formation and plantlet regeneration differed from each culture. The study investigated the effects of cold treatment of explants, initial culture in darkness, media, and subculture for individual explant …

Woody-Plant Succession In An Eastern Nebraska Bluff Forest, Douglas E. Borland, Thomas B. Bragg, David M. Sutherland

Biology Faculty Publications

Woody plant composition of ridgetop old-fields abandoned at various times since 1800 suggest a successional pattern for an eastern Nebraska bluff forest. Sites abandoned for 24 years were dominated by elm (Ulmus spp.) and rough-leaved dogwood (Comus drummondii). Other sites, abandoned for76 years, were dominated by bitternut hickory (Cwya cordijormis), American linden (Tilia americana), and hop-hombeam (Ostrya virginiana), and those abandoned for 186 years were predominantly bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) and hop-hornbeam. Based on species importance values, we conclude that the composition of this forest is still changing.

The Effect On Farm Profit Of Conserving Stubble To Prevent Wind Erosion, A D. Bathgate

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Over-grazing of stubbles is a major cause of winf erosion on WesternAustralian farms. Stubble contributes to the 'roughness' of the paddock; as the roughness is reduced, the risk of winf erosion is increased.

The risk of lupinosis in sheep has previously reduced the likelihood of lupin stubble being over grazed, but the development of Gungurru, a phomopsis-resistent variety of lupin, has increased the potential for over-grazing and hence the probability of wind erosion.

This article describes the economic benefit (or cost) of conserving stubble at the conservation standards.

Early Sowing : One Key To Improved Yields Of Cereal Crops, M W. Perry, Wal Anderson, Rob Delane

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Early sowing of cereal crops is one of the most important management practices through which Western Australian cereal growers can increase yields.

Researchers have long known that in theory early sowing should mean improved growth and water use efficiency - which both contribuite to increased yields. Application of this knowledge has had to await new tillage and herbicide technology, but recent research in the northan and central wheatbelt has now demonstrated the advantages of early sowing in practice. And more exciting yet, there is evidence that yield responses to weed control and applied fertilizers may also be greater in early …

Tallgrass Prairie Remnants Of Eastern Nebraska, Judith F. Boettcher, Thomas B. Bragg

Biology Faculty Proceedings & Presentations

Ten eastern Nebraska tallgrass prairie remnants were evaluated up to four times during the 1979 growing season to assess vegetative composition and the effects of mowing, topographic and size differences, and season of evaluation. Frequent mowing resulted in a reduced canopy cover of some species, such as big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) (21% lower with frequent mowing), but increased cover of others, particularly the introduced species smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss. subsp. inermis) (35% higher cover with frequent mowing). In addition, frequent mowing resulted in a higher proportion of disturbance species. Comparing the time of mowing, canopy …

Effect Of Eastern Red Cedar On Seedling Establishment Of Prairie Plants, Dan J. Stipe, Thomas B. Bragg

Biology Faculty Proceedings & Presentations

To test the hypothesis that eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) is allelopathic, seedling establishment of five herbaceous prairie species was evaluated by growing seeds in soil collected beneath and adjacent to a stand of this tree species. While four species showed no significant effect, the germination of one species, finger coreopsis (Coreopsis palmata Nutt.), was significantly reduced. Since eastern red cedar is an early invader of unburned prairie, such an allelopathic effect, even on only a few species, is of particular concern in that it has the potential to hasten degradation of invaded prairie sites.

Effect Of Burning On Germination Of Tallgrass Prairie Plant Species, Sherry R. Rohn, Thomas B. Bragg

Biology Faculty Proceedings & Presentations

Seeds from 10 prairie plant species of burned and unburned portions of three tallgrass prairies were collected and tested for germinability. Germination of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) consistently averaged higher with burning. Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans L.) and sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] averaged 5% higher with burning on two of the three sites, although for indiangrass average germination for all three sites was 7% lower. Species for which germination declined with burning were false sunflower [Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet var. scabra (Dun.) Fern.], -13%; whole leaf rosinweed (Silphium integrifolium Michx.), -10%; and white …

Establishing Warm-Season Grasses And Forbs Using Herbicides And Mowing, Thomas B. Bragg, David M. Sutherland

Biology Faculty Proceedings & Presentations

The objective of this study was to provide a preliminary assessment of the use of selected herbicides in establishing a diverse stand of prairie grasses and forbs. An upland and a lowland site in eastern Nebraska, consisting of well-drained, fine-silty clay, loess-derived soils, were seeded with 23 native prairie grass and forb species and subsequently mowed or treated at rates of 0.6, 1.1, 1.7, and 2.2 kg/ha with atrazine [6-chloro-Nethyl- N' -(l-methylethyl)-l ,3,S-triazine-2,4-diamine] or 2,4-0 (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Treatments were applied at one and two-year intervals. Canopy cover in unreplicated treatment areas (12 x 30 m) was evaluated in ten randomly …

An Annotated List Of The Vascular Plants Of Keith County, Nebraska, David M. Sutherland, Steven B. Rolfsmeier

Biology Faculty Publications

This study provides an annotated list of the vascular plants known to exist outside of cultivation in Keith County, Nebraska. Listed are a total of 599 species, subspecies and varieties belonging to 302 genera of 87 families. Notes are included about frequency and habitat for each of the taxa. 264 (44.1 %) of the taxa listed were previously unreported for Keith County. Additionally, the paper discusses vegetation regions in the county and gives information in tabular form about numbers of the flora in different taxa, the ten largest families, numbers of taxa of different growth habits, and numbers of taxa …

Preliminary Evaluation Of A Dodder Anthracnose Fungus From China As A Mycoherbicide For Dodder Control In The Us, D. K. Cartwright, George E. Templeton

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) is a noxious, parasitic, annual weed throughout most of the United States. A fungus used to control it in China was imported under permit for studies with U.S. dodder species in containment. The fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, sporulated on liquid and solid media at room temperature. Conidia from 7-12 day old cultures were diluted to 3.5 to 7 X 16⁶ spores ml^-1 for host range inoculations. Germination on water agar at 24 hrs was higher at 28 than 30 or 24 C. Inoculated plants were exposed to dew periods of 12-1 4 hrs at 24 or 28 C, …

Allelopathic Observations In Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) To Ducksalad (Heteranthera Limosa), R. H. Dilday, Paolo Nastasi, Roy J. Smith Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

More than 50 weed species infest drill-seeded rice in the U.S. and one of the most prevalent aquatic weeks is ducksalad (Heteranthera limosa). During the summer of 1988, a field experiment was conducted to identify rice accessions from the USDA/ARS rice germplasm collection for allelopathic effects to ducksalad. In this field experiment, 5,000 accessions were evaluated for allelopathic activity. Five to seven seeds of each rice accession were planted in hills about 75cm apart in two replications. Allelopathic activity was recorded as 1) radius of the area affected by allelochemical from the base of the rice plant and 2) percentage …

Systematics Of Nama (Hydrophyllaceae), John D. Bacon

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Lemmonia has been maintained as a monotypic genus, despite the fact that it is morphologically very similar to several species of Nama. The major basis for this separation resides in the reportedly coalescent filament bases of Lemmonia as contrasted with the distinct filaments of Nama. Examination of corollas of Lemmonia with the scanning electron microscope has revealed that the filaments of the taxon are distinct. There is, then, no qualitative basis upon which to found Lemmonia, and the taxon is transferred to Nama.

Cultivar Evaluation On Low Rainfall Heavy Textured Soils., Bradley Nutt

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

a. Trial 88GE34

Cultivar evaluation in machine sown plots.
Location: NMRS

The higher seed yield of Serena compared to the other cultivars resulted in better early forage .production as well a legume dominated pasture.

b. Trial 88TS 63 and 88TS 65

Wheat yields following pastures.
Location: 88TS63 - Perenjori and 88TS65 - Three Springs.

There was no response to nitrogen in either biological yield or grain yield of wheat sown over volunteer based pasture at the Three Springs site. All pasture treatments resulted in similar wheat yields except for Sava because of poor control of the snail medic under the …

Farming Systems Research/Extension And The Concepts Of Sustainability, Charles A. Francis, Peter E. Hildebrand

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Farming Systems Research and Extension (FSR/E) has strongly influenced the direction of agricultural development over the past two decades. Involving farmers, change agents and researchers, this participatory approach to technological improvement has evolved as an efficient means to develop individual components and more integrated systems that are uniquely suited to specific biophysical and socioeconomic conditions. Farmers with similar conditions and for whom specific recommendations are appropriate are grouped, in FSR/E, into identifiable Recommendation Domains. The technologies recommended conform with the biophysical and socioeconomic constraints that create environments within the domains, based on the philosophy that new technologies must conform with …

Teaching Weed Identification At Twenty U.S. Universities, John L. Lindquist, Peter Fay, James Nelson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The methods used to teach weed identification at 20 U.S. universities were obtained for comparison through a telephone survey in December, 1986, and January, 1987. Weed identification is taught as a portion (30%) of the laboratory section in introductory weed science courses. Only five have a separate weed identification course. Field trips frequently are used to teach weed identification. Students must learn from 50 to 125 weed species with some seedling identification. Pressed plant collections of approximately 50 weed species normally are required. Most instructors strongly suggest using live plants and repetition for long-term learning.

Concetta Tm (Papconc) C.V. (Rose Plant), Ellen T. Paparozzi

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A new and distinct variety of rose plant of the hybrid tea rose class, which was originated as a sport of the rose Gabriella; characterized by its bright orange red, well-formed hybrid tea type blooms with dark velvet overtones on the outer edges of the open flower; disease resistant with everblooming habit and outstanding pot forcing characteristics.

Immune, Growth And Carcass Responses Of Ram Lambs To Active Immunization Against Desulfated Cholecystokinin (Cck-8), W. E. Trout, J. C. Pekas, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This study explored feed intake and carcass responses to active immunization against desulfated cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) in ram lambs. Antibody titers 8 wk following primary immunization and booster immunizations given at 4 and 6 wk averaged greater than 1:1,000. Titers increased to greater than 1:10,000 by 16 wk following a final booster immunization at 11 wk. The antibodies developed against desulfated CCK-8 exhibited 29% and 13% cross-reactivities for sulfated CCK-8 and gastrin-17, respectively. Immunization against desulfated CCK-8 had no effect on feed intake, ADG, carcass weight or carcass quality grade. Backfat thickness and carcass yield grade were reduced (P < .05) by immunization. Organ weights at slaughter, including those of the pancreas and small intestines, were not affected by CCK-8 immunization, with the exception of the lungs, which were 16% lighter (P < .01) in immunized lambs. In conclusion, active immunization against desulfated CCK-8 resulted in development of high antibody titers against desulfated and sulfated CCK-8. Immunization against CCK-8 decreased fat content of the carcass but failed to affect feed intake, carcass weight or ADG.

River Birch (Betula Nigra L.) Forest Communities In Cass And Mason Counties, Illinois, Charles Anthony Uhlarik

Masters Theses

During the fall of 1988 and the spring of 1989, four stands of river birch (Betula nigra L.) were surveyed in Cass and Mason Counties, Illinois. All study areas were divided into quadrats 25 m on a side (0.154 acres) and the maximum number of quadrats were placed to completely survey each forest. The relative density, relative dominance, and importance value was calculated for each species (dbh greater than 10 cm) in each forest area. Also, seedlings (less than 2.5 cm dbh) and saplings (2.5-10.0 cm dbh) were recorded in each area. River birch is the dominant overstory …

The Ethnobotany Of Sweet Flag, Acorus Calamus L., Timothy J. Motley

Masters Theses

One of the more interesting and attractive components of aquatic ecosystems is sweet flag, Acorus calamus L., a herbaceous perennial belonging to the Araceae, a primarily tropical family. Sweet flag is one of the few extratropical members.

The primary purpose of this work is to present a compilation of the various traditional and contemporary uses of sweet flag by various cultures.

Information regarding the known ethnobotanical and economic uses of the rhizome and aromatic essential oil as a flavoring agent is given, as well as its medicinal uses and value as an insecticide. In addition, a discussion of the …

Introducing Onslow, Western Australian Department Of Agriculture

Grain and other field crops published reports

Onslow Barley........ a new breed of barley for the southern high rainfall areas (see map VH,H4 &H5). Suited to May plantings, Onslow is the first barley developed specifically for the long growing seasons in these areas.

For the first time barley growers have a variety designed for those 4 t/ha plus yields which research shows are possible with early sowing.

Onslow is the first of a new breed of barley cultivars developed in Western Australia specifically for the southern high rainfall areas which have a long growing season.

The Status Of Erythronium Albidum And E. Mesochoreum (Liliaceae) In Nebraska, Robert B. Kaul

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Two species of Erythronium grow in the eastern quarter of Nebraska, but there are none elsewhere in the State. Erythronium albidum is locally abundant, mostly in upland bur oak forests, and has been collected in 18 counties since 1864. Erythronium mesochoreum is becoming rare because its habitat--virgin tall-grass prairie--is disappearing. It is known to grow now in six east-central counties, but it probably could be found in some remnant prairies in all counties south and east of the Platte and Big Blue rivers, respectively. Distributional data about these species is herein brought up to date relative to earlier published reports. …

Central Crops And Soils Research Station Highmore, South Dakota: Annual Progress Report, 1988, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1988 progress report for the Central Crops and Soils Research Station at Highmore, South Dakota State College. This document represents the research conducted at the Station during the 1988 crop season including: weather data, grass breeding and production, alfalfa experiment and testing, the influence of fertilizer phosphorus on crested wheatgrass, wheat breeding, corn breeding, soybean research, herbicide research and demonstrations, and information on the Station drip irrigation project.

The Short Term Effects Of Manganese Toxicity On Isocitrate Dehydrogenase In Wheat & Tobacco, Juergen Pfeiffer

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The short term effects of high manganese levels (80 mg/L) on wheat and tobacco isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) activity were compared. The change in activity was then compared to the concentrations of manganese in the tissues.

As the time of manganese exposure increased, the fresh weight IDH activities in wheat and tobacco decreased. In contrast both control groups had similar enzyme activities every 6 hr over the 24 hr test period. The decrease in IDH activity of wheat and tobacco plants in experimental groups seemed to be related to an increase of the manganese in the leaf tissue. The slower decrease …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 20, No. 4. December 1988

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

RANGE PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE CENTRAL GRASSLAND RESEARCH STATION IN SOUTH CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA ▪ C. L Lura, W. T. Barker, and P. E. Nyren

SEASONAL PATTERNS IN SAMPLING DATA FOR LARGEMOUTH BASS AND BLUE GILLS IN A NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS IMPOUNDMENT ▪ E. A. Bettross and D. W. Willis

INTRODUCTION, ESTABLISHMENT, AND DISPERSAL OF WESTERN MOSQUITOFISH IN NEBRASKA (ACTINOPTERYGII: POECILIIDAE) ▪ J. D. Lynch

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ECOLOGY OF CHIGGERS (ACARI: TROMBICULIDAE) FROM SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ E. R. Easton and W. …

Ontogeny Of The Cotyledonary Region Of Chamaesyce Maculata (Euphorbiaceae), W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

Development of the cotyledonary region in Chamaesyce maculata is described from germination of the seed through formation of the dense mat of branches which characterize this common weed. The cotyledonary node is trilacunar with split-lateral traces. Epicotyl development is limited to a pair ofleaves ("V-leaves") inserted directly above and decussate to the cotyledons. The two V-leaves are also vascularized by three traces and insertion of these traces relative to the vasculature at the immediately subjacent cotyledonary node is asymmetrical; four of the six V-leaf traces arise on one side of the intercotyledonary plane and two arise on the opposite side. …

Sulfur Accumulation In Xylem Tissue Of Forest Trees From Kentucky & Tennessee & Its Relation To Yearly Growth, Jennifer Sharp

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The levels of sulfur present in xylem tissue of Quercus alba (white oak) show a statistically significant increase from 1970 to 1983. This increase was found in trees from three different sites in Kentucky and Tennessee. The levels of sulfur present in Tsuga canadensis (hemlock) show a statistically significant increase from 1955 to 1970. Sensitivity, growth response to the tree's environment, decreased in oaks from 1933 to 1968 but increased slightly in hemlocks during the same time period. The data tend to support a direct relationship between increasing sulfur levels and a reduction in growth. Physiological and ecological studies of …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 20, No.3. September 1988

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MOVEMENTS OF ADULT STRIPED BASS TRACKED IN WILSON RESERVOIR, KANSAS ▪ K. E. Hampton, T. L. Wenke, and B. A. Zamrzla

GROWTH, POPULATION STRUCTURE, AND MORTALITY OF CHANNEL CATFISH FROM THE POWDER RIVER AND CRAZY WOMAN CREEK, WYOMING ▪ J. B. Smith and W. A. Hubert

HABITAT USE BY WHITE-TAILED DEER IN PRAIRIE-AGRICULTURAL HABITAT IN MONTANA ▪ G. L. Dusek, A. K. Wood, and R. J. Mackie

BEAVER CROP DEPREDATION IN EASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ C. D. Dieter and T. R. McCabe …

Atrazine Dissipation And Off-Plot Movement In A Nebraska Sandhills Subirrigated Meadow, John J. Brejda, Lowell E. Moser, Patrick J. Shea, Steven S. Waller

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N’-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] can be used to modify species composition of naturally subirrigated Sandhills meadows. The potential for ground water contamination exists as the water table depth ranges from 0 to 3 m. Atrazine was applied at 2.2 and 3.4 kg ha^-1 in May 1984, August 1984, or May 1985 to a Gannett fine sandy loam (Typic Haplaquoll, coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic) in a Nebraska Sandhills subirrigated meadow. Residues of atrazine applied in 1984 and 1985 carried over into 1985 and 1986, respectively. Herbicide dissipation and off-plot movement were monitored in 1985 by sampling soil at 0 to 5 cm and …

Computer Analysis Of Cross Sections Of Leaves Of Chrysothamnus Taxa And Their Relation To Environmental Conditions, J. Huang, W. M. Hess, D. J. Weber, E. D. Mcarthur, S. E. Meyer, R. Seegmiller

Great Basin Naturalist

Thirty-eight accessions of 20 taxa (species and subspecies) of Chrysothamnus from a range of environments were grown in a uniform garden. During mid-June, terminal and lateral leaves were removed, fixed, and processed for light-microscopy studies. Area and perimeter measurements of ink tracings of midleaf vein cross sections were measured using computer-scan techniques. Leaf area and perimeter were compared with vein perimeter and area measurements. Area and perimeter of these Chrysothamnus leaves varied in response to the environment at the collection location. Plants native to hot, dry conditions had small, thick leaves, whereas plants native to cooler, more mesic conditions had …

An Investigation Of The Allelopathic Effects Of Pokeweed (Phytolacca Americana L.), Angela Rambalakos

Honors Theses

Phytolacca americana L., or common pokeweed, is a tall, branching, perennial herb whose uses range from the preparation of certain medicines to being cultivated as a vegetable. At the same time, however, pokeweed is also a highly poisonous plant and certain precautions must be taken in utilizing this weed. The following paper opens with a description of P. americana including its habitat, range, structure, uses, and toxicity. The second part of this paper will investigate the topic of allelopathy - its history and its future. The final section of this paper involves a series of laboratory experiments conducted to examine …