Digital Commons Network^™

Climatic Unpredictability And Parasitism Of Caterpillars: Implications Of Global Warming, John Stireman, Lee Dyer, D. Janzen, M. Singer, J. Lill, R. Marquis, R. Ricklefs, G. Gentry, W. Hallwachs, P. Coley, J. Barone, H. Greeney, H. Connahs, P. Barbosa, H. Morais, I. Diniz

Biology Department Faculty Works

Insect outbreaks are expected to increase in frequency and intensity with projected changes in global climate through direct effects of climate change on insect populations and through disruption of community interactions. Although there is much concern about mean changes in global climate, the impact of climatic variability itself on species interactions has been little explored. Here, we compare caterpillar–parasitoid interactions across a broad gradient of climatic variability and find that the combined data in 15 geographically dispersed databases show a decrease in levels of parasitism as climatic variability increases. The dominant contribution to this pattern by relatively specialized parasitoid wasps …

Developmental Sequences For Simulating Crop Phenology For Water-Limiting Conditions, Gregory S. Mcmaster, Wally Wilhelm, A. B. Frank

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The timing, duration, and pace of developmental events, or phenology, are among the many responses of plants to limited soil water. Understanding and predicting plant responses to availability of soil water are important in improving the efficacy of management practices. However, the first steps towards gaining this understanding, summarizing the complete developmental sequence of the shoot apex and correlating the timing of these events, have rarely been reported. Also, the effect of water-limiting conditions on crop phenology and shoot apex development is variable. The objective of this paper is to present the developmental sequence of the wheat (Triticum aestivum …

Seagrass–Pathogen Interactions: ‘Pseudo-Induction’ Of Turtlegrass Phenolics Near Wasting Disease Lesions, Latina Steele, Melanie Caldwell, Anne Boettcher, Tom Arnold

Biology Faculty Publications

Marine protists of the genus Labyrinthula cause the seagrass wasting disease, which is associated with regional die-offs of eelgrass Zostera marina and also infects turtlegrass Thalassia testudinum . The ability of seagrasses to resist pathogen attack is determined by multiple factors, which are poorly understood. One factor hypothesized to influence seagrass disease resistance is the presence of (poly)phenolic natural products such as caffeic acid, which inhibits the growth of L. zosterae in in vitro laboratory bioassays. This hypothesis has been supported by reports of pathogen-induced phenolic accumulations in eelgrass Z. marina. To test the response of T. testudinum to …

Production And Handling Practices For Safe Produce, Pamela L. Brady, Justin R. Morris

AAES Research Reports and Research Bulletins

The University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture received a grant from the USDA’s Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems program to help small- and medium-sized farms become more profitable and to therefore add stability to the family farm. One approach to doing this is to help farmers growing produce reduce or eliminate safety hazards which may be associated with their products.

Bromacil, Ecological Risk Assessment, Final Report, Ensr International

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM), United States Department of the Interior (USDI), is proposing a program to treat vegetation on up to six million acres of public lands annually in 17 western states in the continental United States (US) and Alaska. As part of this program, the BLM is proposing the use of ten herbicide active ingredients (a.i.) to control invasive plants and noxious weeds on approximately one million of the six million acres proposed for treatment. The BLM and its contractor, ENSR, are preparing a Vegetation Treatments Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to evaluate this and other proposed …

Nebline, November/December 2005

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Community Food Programs Help Limited-Resource Families Eat Healthy
NEP Teaches People How to Stretch Their Food Dollar
Get Involved in the Fight Against Hunger
Free Soybean Cyst Nematode Sample Kits Available
Don’t Forget to Winterize Your Underground Sprinkler System
Agricultural Tax Planning for 2005
Nebraska Arboretum Speakers Bureau
Setting Goals for Your Small Farm
Prepare Horses For Winter
Improve Nebraska Woodlands in Late Fall and Winter
“Woody Florals” Acreage Insights Clinic, Nov. 10
Prevent Soil Erosion
Thanksgiving — the Tradition Continues
Ginger Citrus Rice Recipe
FREE Healthy Desserts Presentation, Nov. 15
$tretch Your Food Dollar with Leftover Turkey
President’s Notes …

Production Techniques For Crimson Seedless Table Grapes In Western Australia, Ian Cameron

Viticulture published reports

Crimson Seedless is a late season, red seedless table grape developed by D. Ramming and R. Tarailo in Fresno California for the United States Department of Agriculture. It was bred in 1979 when a white, late ripening seedless hybrid variety was crossed with Red Emperor (see Figure 1). The seedling, which became Crimson Seedless, was selected in 1983 but not released to industry in California until 1989.

Production techniques for Crimson Seedless were largely unknown when the variety was released to industry in Western Australia in 1996. Specific management techniques suitable for Californian conditions had been described by various authors. …

Ecological Costs And Benefits Of Defenses In Nectar, Lynn S. Adler, Rebecca E. Irwin

Dartmouth Scholarship

The nectar of many plant species contains defensive compounds that have been hypothesized to benefit plants through a variety of mechanisms. However, the relationship between nectar defenses and plant fitness has not been established for any species. We experimentally manipulated gelsemine, the principal alkaloid of Carolina jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens), in nectar to determine its effect on pollinator visitation, nectar robber visitation, and male and female plant reproduction. We found that nectar robbers and most pollinators probed fewer flowers and spent less time per flower on plants with high compared to low nectar alkaloids. High alkaloids decreased the donation of fluorescent …

Life History Traits Of The Threatened Purple Amole (Chlorogalum Purpureum Var. Purpureum), John A. Guretzky, Elizabeth Clark, Darlene Woodbury

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Researchers monitored the threatened plant, purple amole (Chlorogalum purpureum var. purpureum) at Fort Hunter Liggett, California, from 1998 to 2004. The objectives of this research were to complete a statistical analysis of these data to evaluate: (1) demographics; (2) trends in population density; and (3) the relationship of purple amole to associated species, biological soil crusts, and disturbance. Overall, purple amole was most likely to flower and have greater seed production when it attained about 8 leaves or widths of 7 to 8 mm for its widest leaf, revealing a clear relationship between plant size and successful reproduction and seed …

Pineywoods Native Plant Center, Nov 2005, Sfa Gardens, Stephen F. Austin State University

SFA Gardens Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Contributions Of Heterosis And Epistasis To Hybrid Fitness, Mitchell B. Cruzan

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Early-generation hybrid fitness is difficult to interpret because heterosis can obscure the effects of hybrid breakdown. We used controlled reciprocal crosses and common garden experiments to distinguish between effects of heterosis and nuclear and cytonuclear epistasis among morphotypes and advanced-generation hybrid derivative populations in the Piriqueta caroliniana (Turneraceae) plant complex. Seed germination, growth, and sexual reproduction of first-generation hybrids, inbred parental lines, and outbred parental lines were compared under field conditions. Average vegetative performance was greater for hybrids than for inbred lines, and firstseason growth was similar for hybrids and outbred parental lines. Hybrid survival surpassed that of inbred lines …

Cattle Grazing And Tracked Vehicle Training On Central And Southwest U.S. Army Lands, John A. Guretzky, Jeffrey Fehmi, Alan Anderson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Sustainability of training lands continues to be a primary concern for natural resource managers on Army installations. Tracked vehicle training, the main disturbance of grasslands, does not occur in isolation from other land uses including cattle grazing. Yet, no documented studies exist examining the interactive effects of these activities on soils and vegetation. The objective of this research was to begin filling this knowledge gap. This report reviews the lit-erature documenting the impacts of tracked vehicle training and cattle grazing on soils and grassland plant communities and discusses potential interactive effects. Responses to tracked vehicle training generally included increased soil …

Disease Resistance Conferred By The Expression Of A Gene Encoding A Synthetic Peptide In Transgenic Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Plants, Kanniah Rajasekaran, Jeffrey W. Cary, Jesse M. Jaynes, Thomas E. Cleveland

Faculty Articles

Fertile, transgenic cotton plants expressing the synthetic antimicrobial peptide, D4E1, were produced through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. PCR products and Southern blots confirmed integration of the D4E1 gene, while RT-PCR of cotton RNA confirmed the presence of D4E1 transcripts. In vitro assays with crude leaf protein extracts from T0 and T1 plants confirmed that D4E1 was expressed at sufficient levels to inhibit the growth of Fusarium verticillioides and Verticillium dahliae compared to extracts from negative control plants transformed with pBI-d35SΩ-uidA-nos (CGUS). Although in vitro assays did not show control of pre-germinated spores of Aspergillus flavus, bioassays with cotton …

Influence Of Simultaneous Infestations Of Prostephanus Truncatus And Sitophilus Zeamaison The Reproductive Performance And Maize Damage, C P Rugumamu

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study examined the combined effect of Prostephanus truncatus and  Sitophilus zeamais infestations on their reproductive performance and on the damage they cause to maize variety ZM 621 with 12.5% moisture content. The specific objective was to determine the number of the insect pests at F1 and F2 and the grain weight losses caused by the simultaneous pests\' infestations of shelled maize in the search for a control strategy. The results showed a change in adult insect numbers from F1 to F2. During single infestation the change in P. truncatus was 47.54% while in simultaneous infestations it was 41.66%. The …

Micron-Sized Polymeric Particles From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid: Influence Of Reaction Parameters On Particle Size, Ymm Makame, W Johnson, Ll Mkayula

Tanzania Journal of Science

Cashew nut shell liquid based polymer latexes of narrow size distribution and average particle sizes ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 µm were prepared by base catalysed emulsion polycondensation of cashew nut shell liquid of 820 centipoises viscosity with formaldehyde. The influence of emulsifier concentration, sodium hydroxide concentration and stirring rate on average particle size and size distribution was studied for the given geometry of the reactor and the stirrer. It was found that these variables have a significant effect on the particle size and particle size distribution and that average particles size can be predicted and controlled by the choice …

Pesticide Residues In Water From Tpc Sugarcane Plantations And Environs, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, H Hellar, Ma Kishimba

Tanzania Journal of Science

We report herein, the analysis of water samples collected from TPC Sugarcane Plantation and its environs in Kilimanjaro region, which is the earliest intensive user of pesticides in Tanzania. A total of 50 water samples collected from 18 sampling sites between 2000 and 2001 were analyzed for pesticide residues. The organochlorines aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, HCHs, endosulfans and DDTs were detected with mean concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 636.7 ng/l. DDT and its metabolites were the most dominant in the detected residues whereas the endosulfans were the least dominant The residues\' concentrations were higher in the sugarcane fields than in …

Distribution And Abundance Of The Edible Orchids Of The Southern Highlands Of Tanzania, Ams Nyomora

Tanzania Journal of Science

All orchids have showy flowers and many are therefore popular as exotic houseplants as well as contributing significantly to eco-tourism. A special attribute of some orchid genera is the production of edible tubers, an attribute that can contradict eco-tourism if harvesting is not done sustainably. Such is the case in the Southern Highlands where for example, Kitulo Plateau has been gazetted to be a National Park but where edible orchid harvesting is a serious conservation problem. Botanically, unsustainable harvesting can mean the loss of important germplasm even before some species are known to exist. A field survey was undertaken for …

Center For Grassland Studies Newsletter, Fall 2005, Volume 11, No. 4

Center for Grassland Studies: Newsletters

Using Legumes to Boost Quality of Smooth Bromegrass Pastures by Walter Schacht and Bruce Anderson, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL

The Grass is Always Greener: Consumer Preferences for Ornamental Grasses by Kim Todd, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL

PGM Enrollment More Than Doubles in Second Year

5th Annual Nebraska Grazing Conference Covered Diverse Topics Call for Papers, Third National Conference on Grazing Lands Planning: An Important Key to Native Planting Success

First Report Of Phytophthora Insolita And P. Inflata On Rhododendron In Ohio, Antonino Testa, Mikael Schilb, Jeffery S. Lehman, Gennaro Cristinzio, Pierluigi Bonello

Biology and Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

During August 2003, we conducted a statewide survey of rhododendrons to determine if Phytophthora ramorum was present in Ohio ornamental nurseries. In total, 240 samples were randomly collected in 12 nurseries throughout Ohio from rhododendrons showing foliar necrotic lesions and twig dieback symptoms.

Ua66/5 Newsletter, Wku Agriculture

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter created by WKU Agriculture Department re: faculty/staff, students/alumni, student organizations and clubs and donors.

Plant Organellar Protein Targeting: A Traffic Plan Still Under Construction, Sally Ann Mackenzie

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

It has long been understood that specific features of a protein and its corresponding import apparatus dictate the behavior of mitochondrial proteins in their intracellular targeting behavior. In plants, the process by which proteins are directed to organelles has been influenced uniquely by the introduction to the cell of plastids. Parallel functions carried out within the mitochondrion and plastid permit the sharing of proteins and emergence of mechanisms to facilitate dual-targeting of the nuclear-encoded products to both compartments. These include transcriptional and translational variations, relaxation of translation initiation controls and conditional cellular influences. Details of the dual targeting system are …

Natural And Synthetic Viniferins Associated With The Grapevine Disease Young Vine Decline, David Michael Mcginnis

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Grapevine disease has been thc subject of intense research amongst viticulturists over the last few decades, especially during the 1990's. There has been discoveries that suggest grapevine disease is commonly caused by fungal pathogens. One of the most common fungi that the vine may become infected by is known as Botrytis cinerea. B. cinerea is capable of attacking the grapevine which in turn will lead to bunch rot in the grape clusters. This disease has been researched in great detail during the past several years and is one of only few microorganisms that have actually been identified. Phaeoacremrmium chnlmydospnrum …

La Flore Qui A Faim : Une Enquête Chimique, Biologique Et Culturelle De La Dimorphisme Rouge/Verte Et Les Applications Médicinales De Nepenthes Madagascariensis, Keirnan Willett

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Le Nepenthes madagascariensis est une plante carnivore endémique du côté sud-est de Madagascar qui attirent la proie arthropode (insectes, araignées etc.) en employant les bouts de feuilles convertis en forme des pichets ou urnes. Après d’être attiré par le suc au bord de l’urne, les insectes devint désorientés, perdent la traction et se coulent dans le liquide riche en enzymes digestifs au dessous (14). Les substances nutritives des cadavres sont absorbées par la plante en compensant pour la lacune d’azote dans le sol. Les couvercles des urnes expriment une couleur rouge ou verte. Notre étude examine les différences chimiques et …

Relationships Of Intercropped Maize, Stem Borer Damage To Maize Yield And Land-Use Efficiency In The Humid Forest Of Cameroon, A. Chabi-Olaye, C. Nolte, F. Schulthess, C. Borgemeister

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Stem borers are the most important maize pests in the humid forest zone of Cameroon. Field trials were conducted in the long and short rainy seasons of 2002 and 2003 to assess the level of damage and yield reductions caused by stem borers in monocropped maize and in maize intercropped with non-host plants such as cassava, cowpea and soybean. The intercrops were planted in two spatial arrangements, i.e. alternating hills or alternating rows. All intercrops and the maize monocrop were grown with and without insecticide treatment for assessment of maize yield loss due to borer attacks. The land-use efficiency of …

Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2004, Derrick M. Oosterhuis

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Biotinylation Of K12 In Histone H4 Decreases In Response To Dna Double-Strand Breaks In Human Jar Choriocarcinoma Cells1,2, Nagarama Kothapalli, Gautam Sarath, Janos Zempleni

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

We tested the hypothesis that biotinylation of K12 in histone H4 plays a role in the cellular response to double-strand breaks (DSB) of DNA in human cells. DSB were caused by treating choriocarcinoma JAr cells with etoposide. Biotinylation of K12 in histone H4 decreased by 50% as early as 10–20 min after initiation of treatment with etoposide. Biotinylation returned to initial levels 30–40 min after the addition of etoposide to the medium. Temporal patterns of K12-biotinylation were similar for human lymphoma cells. Phosphorylation of S14 of histone H2B and poly(ADP-ribosylation) of glutamate residues on histone H2A are known markers of …

Analysis Of Expressed Sequence Tags And The Identification Of Associated Short Tandem Repeats In Switchgrass, Christian M. Tobias, Paul Twigg, Daniel M. Hayden, Kenneth P. Vogel, Robert B. Mitchell, Gerard R. Lazo, Elaine K. Chow, Gautam Sarath

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Switchgrass is a large, North American, perennial grass that is being evaluated as a potential energy crop. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from four switchgrass cv. ‘‘Kanlow’’ cDNA libraries to create a gene inventory of 7,810 unique gene clusters from a total of 11,990 individual sequences. Blast similarity searches to SwissProt and GenBank non-redundant protein and nucleotide databases were performed and a total of 79% of these unique clusters were found to be similar to existing protein or nucleotide sequences. Tentative functional classification of 61% of the sequences was possible by association with appropriate gene ontology descriptors. Significant differential …

Nebline, September 2005

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Now is a Good Time to Start a 4-H Club!
Spotlight on a New 4-H Club: Happy Hearts
4-H Kick Off, Sept. 20
Harvesting and Storing Apples
Garden Plants with Silver Foliage
Holiday Plants, Will They Bloom Again?
Swarming Midges near Capital Beach
Hands-On Termite Applicator Training, Sept. 28 & 20
Itch Mites Increasing in Oak Galls: Be Prepared for a Possible Itch Mite Outbreak
Pollution Prevention Participation
Harvest Safety Reminders
Women in Agriculture Conference Sept. 15–16
Prepare Bins Before Harvest to Maintain Grain Quality and Value
Scrap Tire Collection
Resting Pastures — the Key to More Productive Pastures
Upcoming …

The Prairie Naturalist, Volume 37, Number 3, September 2005

The Prairie Naturalist

Landscape Compostiona and Greater Prairie Chicken Lek Attendance: Implications for Management by N. D. Niemuth

Helminthic Parasites in Ring-necked Pheasant from Southwestern Kansas by R. J. Robel, T. L. Walker, Jr., R. K. Ridley, K. E. Kemp, and R. D. Applegate

Seasonal Migration and Home Ranges of Female Elk in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming by L. Benkobi, M. A. Rumble, C. H. Stubblefield, R. S. Garno, and J. J. Millspaugh

Ring-necked Pheasant Survive with Broken Wings by R. D. Applegate and L. Scott

First Nebraska Nest Record for Henslow's Sparrow by D. H. Kim

RangeE Extension …

Pineywoods Native Plant Center, Sept 2005, Sfa Gardens, Stephen F. Austin State University

SFA Gardens Newsletters

No abstract provided.