Digital Commons Network^™

Nutritive Value Of Some Grass Species In Hungary, J Varhegyi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Demarquilly and Weiss (1970), Becker and Nehring (1969), Aman and Lindgren (1983) etc. reported data for the digesti­bility and nutritive value of different grass species. The present paper reports the chemical composition and the digestibility of the following species grown in Hungary: smooth brome-grass (Bromus inermis), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis), orchard­grass (Dactylis glomerata), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundin­acea), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum). The data were obtained during long term investigation from 1975 to 1983, but crested wheatgrass from 1980-83.

Influence Of Temperatures On The Earliness Of Heading And Nutritive Value Of Two Grasses During The First Growth Cycle, J Andrieu, M Berekoutou

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The two objectives of this study were: I) to see if the method of the sums of temperatures allowed for a correct prediction, not only of the earliness of heading but also of the quality of spring growth whatever the surrounding conditions ; 2) to check that the criteria, suggested jn the feed Tables published by INRA in France (INRA 1981; INRA 1988) to predict the quality of spring growth, could be used for the whole of France. This study is drawn from the thesis ofM. Berekoutou (1986).

Valeur Alimentaire Des Associations Graminees- Trefle Blanc Au Stade Du Paturage, R Giovanni

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cette etude a eu pour objectif de comparer la composition et la digestibilite du trefle blanc a celles des deux principales gra-. minees fourrageres, le ray-grass anglais (RG) et le dactyle (D), utilisees dans l'Ouest de la France. En effet, ii est apparu interessant de preciser !'influence du trefle blanc (TB) sur la valeur alimentaire de son association avec ces graminees. Cette etude a ete effectuee simultanement sur des fourrages coupes distribues a des moutons en cage de digestibilite et sur des echantillons preleves a chaque cycle du paturage de jeunes bovins.

Accumulation Of Solar Energy By Plants And Energetic Nutritive Value Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.) At Different Cutting Frequencies, V P. Spasov, D S. Kornyshev

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The prevailing approach for developing fodder base in the North-Western economic region of the USSR is grass feed pro­duction. So, choosing plants which should maximize the accumulation of solar energy and provide high yields of quality satisfying cattle requirements is of exclusive importance. Our many year studies of different perennial grasses showed that tall fescue is one of the best to use solar energy in the given conditions of environment. So the experiment was carried out in 1979-1986 with the aim of determining solar energy accumu­lation and energetic nutritive value of this crop at different cutting frequencies.

Bio-Agronomic Traits And Nutritional Value In Italian Ryegrass Varieties, N Berardo, C Locatelli, R Paoletti, L Valdicelli, M Odoardi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. Italicum) is native to the Po valley. Persistent populations of this species represent the main grass component of the irrigated permanent meadows in this area (Rotili et al., 1985). The subspecies Ital­icum (biannual, non alternative) and Westerwoldicum (annual, alternative) are at present the most important cultivated grasses in Italy, and are grown either as component in the poliphytic meadows or as catch crop, followed by maize for silage or soybean. Lolium multiflorum is considered of great interest as forage crop in the high fertile soils of Po valley (Tana and Seb­astiani, 1981 …

Composition Of The Diet Of Cattle Grazing In Integrated Sown Tropical Pasture-Savannah Production Systems, R R. Vera, B Rivera, J H. Weniger

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Extensive cow-calf grazing systems in the Eastern Plains of Colombia are characterized by the use of very limited areas of sown pastures, amounting to generally less than 5 % of the area (Kleiheisterkamp and Habich, 1985; Sere and Estrada, 1985). It has also been shown (Kleinheisterkamp and Habich, 1985) that management practices applied to the breeding herd are few and irregularly utilized. It is thus hypothesized that the tran­sition of extensive cow-calf operations to more productive beef breeding systems will initially require the introduction of pastures with minimum management requirements that will allow a gradual evolution of existing grazing systems. …

Effect Of Water Deficit On The Quality Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa L.), G Lemaire, J L. Durand, M Lila

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The nutritive value for ruminants of lucerne forage may be characterized both by the In Vitro Digestibility of Dry Matter (IVDDM) and by the Nitrogen content (N % ) which determine the energy and nitrogen values. These two characteristics are linked to the Leaf/Stem ratio (L/S) (Demarquilly, 1966). But for the same L/S ratio, different IVDDM and N % can be obtained according to the biochemical composition of leaves and stems separately. The effect of water deficit on the quality of forage of lucerne can be considered separately on the morphological compo­sition and on the biochemical composition. L/S is generally …

Millet Based Cropping Systems With Forage Legumes For Improving Nutritive Values Of Crop Residues In The Sahelian Zone, C Renard, M Garba

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The crop residues from sorghum and pearl millet represent an important potential feed resource. In 1981, 55.2 and 51.4 million tons of crop residues were produced from sorghum and pearl millet respectively (Kossila, 1985). Pearl millet is the most prevalent cereal in the Sahel and farmers usually leave millet stover in the field after grain harvest. Grazing livestock then walk through the fields and eat first the leaves and later the stalks. Farmers also use millet stalks as fuel, and for con­struction. During the long Sahelian dry season, cattle rely mos­tly on crop residues for their subsistence and in dry …

The Effect Of Supplementation Of Setaria Grass With Cassava Or Gliricidia Leaves On Growing Sheep, S S. Sitorus

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In tropical areas, grasses are the main forage offered to rumi­nant, eventhough they have low quality such as native grass crude protein of about 7-12 %, and napier grass about 9-14 %. Recently in Indonesia, plantation of setaria grass was introduced especially in transmigration and watershed areas, regardless its nutritive value, and its influence on animal performances. Similar with other grasses, setaria grass has a low nutritive value and when fed alone can not meet the pro­duction requirements. More over, Jones et al. (1970) reported that cattle with setaria in a grazing system can lead to the death due to …

Proportion Of Leaves And Floral Tillers And Nutritional Quality Of Prolific And Non-Prolific Seed Yielding Cultivars Of Smooth Bromegrass, S Bittman, Z Mir, D H. Mccartney

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the semi-arid clima\e of the Canadian Prairies most herb­age production occurs in May and June whereas the grazing season lasts until October. Summer and fall pasture consists largely of mature, quiescent vegetation with senescent leaves and lignified stems. Floral tillers of some temperate grasses have a higher rate of leaf senescence than non-floral tillers (Bittman et al., 1988) and are rejected by grazing cattle. Floral tillers of Stipa viridula Trin. and Pascopyrum sinithii (Rydb.) Love had 2 and 4 % units lower protein content and digesti­bility, respectively, than non-floral tillers (White, 1983). In the Parkland region of the prairies, …

Nutritive Value And Production Of Cool-Season Under Two Harvest Regimes, T Kunelius

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Atlantic Canada, Phleum pratense L. is the predominant grass species grown for conserved feed and pasture. Although P. pratense is a persistent grass species under 2 cut systems (Kunelius and McRae, 1986) it does not perform adequately under intensive management. Secondary grasses for the Atlan­tic region include Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca pratensis L., Bromus inermis Leyss., and Lolium-Festuca hybrids. There is considerable interest in the performance and quality of second­ary grasses and those of Lolium-Festuca hybrids in particular, under various management regimes. In this experiment the growth and quality of several cool season grasses were deter­mined under four and …

Change In Composition And Quality Of A Temperate Species Mixed Pasture Grazed Over Three Years At Two Stocking Rates With And Without Nitrogen Fertilizer, K Betteridge, D A. Haynes, J R. Sedcole

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal production is not only affected by pasture mass and its seasonal distribution but also by the composition and qual­ity of the consumed pasture (Rattray and Clark, 1984). Legumes have a higher nutritive value than grasses, but may be suppressed by application of artificial nitrogen (N) when soil N status is low (Ball and Field, 1982). Nutritive value of pasture falls as it matures due to a rise in fibrous tissue and a decline in digestibility, and mineral and protein content (Ulyatt, 1978). However, vegetative growth can be prolonged and quality maintained by greater utilisation of pasture in late spring …

Differences In Nutritive Value Of Lecerne Cut In Morning And Afternoon Hours, F Plhak

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Beside crude fibre and protein, the photosynthetic products - nonstructural carbohydrates - are further important substances of digestible dry matter in lucerne fodder. They par­ticipate in dry matter by 15 %. In contrast to crude fibre and protein, the content of photosynthates changes expressively during the day (Plhak, 1984). The changes reach in leaves by 20 %, in stems 5 % of dry matter. The changes depend on the length and intensity ofsolar irradiance (Plhak, 1981) and cause specific weight alteration of leaves (Chatterton et al., 1972). Such variations in photosynthates content can cause some changes in dry matter digestibility …

Productivity And Nutritive Values In Three Ecotypes Of Trichloris Crinita, Native Forage Grass Of The Arid Zones Of Argentina, J Silva Colomer, J B. Cavagnaro, J Lemes, M Medero

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock activity in the arid and semiarid regions of the west central part of Argentina is mainly based on native grasses. On the plain areas of Mendoza province, the most important grasses are perennial, warm-season species, adapted to water stress, high temperature and high irradiance conditions (Cavagnaro, 1988). Mean rainfall of the area reached at 264 mm during the growing season. Trichloris crinita is one of the outstanding species in many areas of the mentioned region. In order to preserve genetic variability of natural popula­tions, IADIZA (Instituto Argentino de Investigacion de Zonas Aridas) initiated a germplasm bank of native forage …

The Intake And Digestibility Of Dry Mature Subterranean Clovers, G B. Taylor, R C. Rossiter, D B. Purser, W J. Collins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Although sheep grazing dry subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) pasture may maintain body weight for the early part of summer, they usually lose weight during late summer and autumn, with consequent adverse effects on pro­ductivity (Purser, 1980). A decline in the digestibility of clover during plant senescence (Hume and Purser, 1975) is believed to be an important component of the reduced nutritive value of this dry feed. In a survey of dry mature stem material from a range of early flowering subterranean clover genotypes, Taylor et al. (1987a) found that in vitro digestibility ranged between 41 and 62 % …

Forage Production And Nutritive Value Of Cynodon Spp. Under Grazing In Puerto Rico, L E. Tergas, Y Q. Cabrera, A Sotomayor Rios

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock production in the tropics is highly dependent on forages to meet the nutritional requirements of grazing cattle. However, seasonal fluctuations on dry matter production and nutritive value are limiting factors affecting animal perform­ance and production. Stargrass Cynodon nlemfuensis var. nlemfuensis is a highly productive grass recommended for intensive management in the humid tropics of Puerto Rico (Vicente-Chandler et al., 1974). Bermuda Cynodon dactylon and Stargrass produced high yields of quality forage and persisted under intensive grazing in the humid northern coastal plains of Puerto Rico; however, the average production of both grasses was related to rainfall distribution, decreasing during …

Prediction Of The Yield Of Nutritive Matter In Some Autumn Cut Forage Catchcrops, K Kastelic, J A. Nikolic, A Pavlicevic, T Stupica, J Cizec

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Arable land often lies fallow for a time, which provides an opportunity for growing fodder catchcrops between two main crops. This practice should improve the soil structure, conserve soil moisture, eliminate many weeds, maximise land use and enable easier preparation for the subsequent main crop. More­over, subsequent cereal yields may be increased by preceding forage legume crops (Papastylianou and Samios, 1987). The aim of present investigation was to determine the concentration of promising autumn cut catchcrops (D-value) and to assess the possibility of predicting the yield of digestible organic matter (DOM) from the yield of green or dry matter (DM).

Fiber Composition Of Successive Cuts Of Lucerne, D Kolarski, J Pavesic-Popovic,, O Krstic, K Koljajic

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The plant cell walls contain lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, fiber bound protein and fiber bound minerals. Their nutritive value is limited by their degree of lignification, while cell con­tents is not limited (Barton et al., 1977). Type and extent oflig­nin-polysaccharide bounding could affect digestion more than amount of lignin (Jung et Fahey, 1983). The purpose of these studies was to determine chemical and fiber composition of four cuts of lucerne (Medicago sativa, CV Kl).

Relationship Between The Mineral Content In Pastures And The Content Of These Elements In Blood Serum In Dairy Cows, A Lachowski, I Kuczynska, W Wojciechowski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grass tetany, a conditioned Mg deficiency of improper K: (Ca + Mg) ratio is a nutritional problem in various parts of Poland. The aim of the investigations was to determine to what degree the mineral content of grasses in the pastures influenced the mineral content in blood serum in dairy cows. This is very important when the animals are grazing and when cattle slurry is used on grasslands. In the literature we can find opinion con­sidering hypomagnaesemia as a metabolic disorder of rumin­ants typified by low blood serum Mg and generally accompanied by hypocalcemia. It has been related to low …

Characterization Of Biological Properties Of Fodder Value Of Dandelion, Taraxacum Officinale Web., M Falkowski, I Kukulka, S Kozlowski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In recent years the quantities of dandelion appearing on newly established grasslands has increased quite significantly. In such conditions it can no longer be treated as a meadow herb whose fodder value, according to European literature, equals half of that of valuable fodder plants. Becoming a weed, dan­delion has been the object of investigations on ways of elimina­ting it from the sward by means of herbicides (Schlotter et al., 1988). At the same time, experiments are under way on biologi­cal properties of dandelion with the aim to explain the causes of its expansion. It was found that there is an …

Effect Of Fertilizers On Cutting On Time On Chemical Composition Of Sward From Permanent Meadow, A Golob, Zdenka Berloznik, M Leskosek, Vekoslava Stibilj

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ecological problems and surpluses of milk and meat have given rise to less intensive systems of grassland utilisation. One of such system is utilisation of air nitrogen via legume sym­biosis with nitrogen fixing bacteria. In Slovenia, where conditions for legume growth are more favourable than in NW Europe, natural meadows fertilized with P and K only give reasonable yields - on average around 7 t DM per ha (Leskosek, 1981). Most legumes suffer after fre­quent defoliation so such meadows should be defoliated only 2- 3 times during the growing season. Under less frequent cutting regime nutritive value of forage is …

Determination Of Condensed Tannins In Tropical Legume Forages, L Telek

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) in ruminant nutrition is complex and needs further interdiscipli­nary reinvestigations with improved analytical methods. With the « cell rupture » theory of legume pasture bloat (Howarth et al., 1978), the role of condensed tannins seems to be secondary; they are acting as protein precipitants (Goplen et al., 1980) and inhibiting microbiological proliferation in cell­ular spaces (Howarth et al., 1982). Their assumed interference with digesting enzymes in vivo is doubtful (Mole and Water­man, 1985). On the importance of condensed tannins in nutrition, several reviews were published (McLeod, 1974; Tempel, 1982; Kumar and Singh, 1984 and …

Screening Sericea Lespedeza Germplasm For Tannin Concentration In The Leaves And Herbage Palatability, J C. Petersen, J A. Mosjidis, N S. Hill

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Several million hectares in the subtropical world are currently used as grazing land for beef and dairy cattle, how­ever, in many cases animal production is very low. To improve animal nutrition, cultivated legume species can be introduced. Sericea lespedeza has potential and could be utilized in the acid soils of the· subtropics. Generally, sericea is low in palatability and nutritive value because its leaves contain tannins, which have long been associ­ated with low intake and reduced digestibility. Tannins are responsible for an astringent or bitter taste caused by the pre­cipitation of salivary glycoprotein (Goldstein and Swain, 1963). Chopping or macerating …

An Australian Chickpea Pan-Genome Provides Insights Intogenome Organization And Offers Opportunities For Enhancing Drought Adaptation For Crop Improvement, Vanika Garg, Rutwik Barmukh, Yan Huang, Annapurna Chitikineni, Kristy Hobson, Bicheng Yang, Yong Jia, Shengnan Bi, Sukhjiwan Kaur, Muhammad Ahsan Asif, Matthew Hayden, Sally Norton, Darshan Sharma, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Xin Liu, Chengdao Li, Rajeev K. Varshney

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Summary

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume crop that has been subjected to intensive breeding, resulting in limited genetic diversity. Australia is the world’s second largest producer and the leading exporter of chickpea; the genomic architecture of its cultivars remains largely unexplored. This knowledge gap hinders efforts to enhance their genetic potential for production, protection, and stress adaptation. To address this, we generated high-quality genome assemblies and annotations for 15 leading Australian chickpea cultivars using single-tube long-fragment read technology. The pan-genome analysis identified 34 345 gene families, including 13 986 dispensable families enriched for genes associated with key …

A Tale Of Two Asters: Resolving The Plant And Microbial Community Structure Of An Invasive And Native Forb, William Cartelli

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Old fields dominated by flowering forbs are frequent targets for ecological restoration, particularly because they are often inhabited by invasive species whose ecological effects remain context dependent and widely debated. While native plants are typically favored in restoration efforts, and invasive species viewed as threats to biodiversity, such classifications may oversimplify ecological function. This study investigates two dominant genera of the Asteraceae family —Centaurea stoebe (L) (non-native) and Solidago spp. (S. rugosa and S. canadensis, both native)—to examine whether biogeographic origin or ecological strategy more strongly influences their impact on above and below ground community structure. Despite their contrasting origins, …

Mitigating Nitrogen Losses: The Role Of Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers In Sustainable Corn Production, Dipesh Giri

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Nitrogen (N) is essential for crop production, but its inefficient use often leads to environmental losses through nitrate leaching, ammonia volatilization, and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. Enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs), such as nitrification inhibitors (NIs) and urease inhibitors (UIs), have been developed to minimize these losses and improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). This research combined a multi-year field experiment and a controlled laboratory study to evaluate how dual-inhibitor fertilizers compare to conventional urea and single-inhibitor formulations in Nebraska cropping systems. The main objective was to understand how nitrogen inhibitors influence N availability, crop performance, and nitrogen losses across different environmental …

Characterizing Xylella Fastidiosa Pathogen Dynamics On Diverse Small Fruit Farms, Alexandra Ratay

All Theses

Global agriculture has been threatened for over a century due to the emergence of the plant pathogenic bacteria Xylella fastidiosa (Lysobacterales: Lysobacteraceae) (Xf). Xf comprises five main subspecies and induces severe physiological symptoms in a diverse set of host plant species by limiting xylem function. Xylem-feeding insect vectors can transmit Xf to host plants, spreading disease and reducing fruit yield. Here I studied Xf prevalence on small fruit farms to determine Xf host plant and vector infective status to the Xf subspecies level. I detected Xf in 28 host plants in South Carolina containing either Xf subspecies fastidiosa …

Modifying The Comb, Rethinking The Install: Integrated Approaches To Honey Bee Colony Establishment And Winter Survival, Shelby A. Kittle

Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The European, or Western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) plays a vital role in global ecosystems and agriculture, providing essential pollination services and producing valuable hive products. However, honey bee colony losses have escalated worldwide, but particularly across the United States due to various stressors, including biotic and abiotic factors, mismanagement, and environmental challenges. This thesis investigates key challenges in honey bee management and explores solutions aimed at improving colony health and productivity.

Chapter 1 provides an overview of the beekeeping industry, detailing its economic importance, services, and products, as well as the many challenges faced by beekeepers. It …

Mechanisms Of Perennial Sorghum Resistance To Sugarcane Aphid Infestation, Esha Kaler

Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, the fifth most-grown cereal crop in the world, is a versatile crop, grown across different agro-ecological regions. Sorghum has numerous uses ranging from food and forage purposes to biofuel production. Sugarcane aphid (SCA; Melanaphis sacchari) is a major threat to sorghum production, accounting for 50% to 100% yield loss under heavy infestations. Perennial sorghum can be a sustainable and climate-resilient alternative to the current cereal farming systems. The development of perennial sorghum offers numerous benefits, such as reduced economic inputs, more carbon sequestration, better soil health, and sustainable yields. We employed host plant resistance …

Registration Of 'R19c-1012': A High-Yielding Soybean Cultivar With Improved Flooding Tolerance At Early Vegetative Stages, Caio Canella Vieira, Rafael Marmo, C. Wu, Liliana Florez-Palacios, Andrea Acuna, D. Harrison, D. Rogers, Leandro Mozzoni, T. Roberts, J. F. Carlin, Travis Faske, F. Lin, G. Shannon, H. T. Nguyen

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

'R19C-1012' (Reg. no. CV-564, PI 707837) is a high-yielding, conventional maturity group Mid-IV (Relative maturity 4.6) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar with improved flooding tolerance at V2-V4 vegetative growth stages. It was developed and released by the University of Arkansas System-Division of Agriculture Research & Extension Center in 2024. R19C-1012 has an indeterminate growth habit, purple flowers, gray pubescence, brown pods, and seed with an imperfect black hilum. From 2019 to 2023, R19C-1012 was evaluated across 40 irrigated environments, with an average grain yield of 4302 kg ha-1, representing 93% and 99% relative yield of the Xtend and non-Xtend …