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Temporal Dynamics And Seed Dispersal In Plant-Frugivore Communities Of The Dominican Republic, Spencer Christian Schubert

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Plant-animal mutualisms are a foundational component of biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems. Most tropical forest plants have adapted to produce fleshy fruits to attract frugivorous animals to disperse seeds. Interaction patterns among plant taxa and their seed dispersers are driven by a complex suite of factors involving their evolutionary history and environmental context, and the structure of these mutualistic networks are theoretically tied to their ecological function. I carried out a series of field studies to investigate the temporal dynamics of mutualistic interactions of plant and avian frugivore communities in the central Dominican Republic and how their characteristics affect seed dispersal …

Impact Of Delaying Irrigation On Wilting, Seed Yield, And Other Agronomic Traits Of Determinate Mg5 Soybean, Francia Ravelombola, Andrea Acuna, Liliana Florez-Palacios, Chengjun Wu, Derrick Harrison, Maria De Oliveira, Joshua Winter, Marcos Da Silva, Trenton Roberts, Christopher Henry, Fernando Grignola, Ehsanollah Shakiba, Leandro Mozzoni

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Soybean production in the U.S. Mid-South relies heavily on irrigation with 85% of soybean surfaces irrigated in Arkansas. Reduction in irrigation due to water quantity restrictions will significantly affect soybean seed yield, making variety selection increasingly important. The objective of the study was to assess if irrigation onsets at different reproductive stages affect wilting, seed yield, and key agronomic traits on determinate maturity group 5 (MG 5) soybean. One-hundred sixty-five F₄-derived populations of recombinant inbred lines with determinate growth habit, similar maturity, and contrasting wilting potential were planted in an augmented strip-plot design in four environments as a …

Towards Conserving Crop Wild Relatives Along The Texas–Mexico Border: The Case Of Manihot Walkerae, Gisel Garza, Crystian Sadel Venegas Barrera, Jon Dale, José Guadalupe Martínez-Ávalos, Teresa Patricia Feria-Arroyo

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Walker’s Manihot, Manihot walkerae, is an endangered species endemic to south Texas and northeastern Mexico and is a Crop Wild Relative (CWR) of the international and economically important crop cassava (M. esculenta). Manihot walkerae is globally endangered (IUCN’s Redlist, Texas list, USA); however, it is not recognized on the Mexican list of endangered species (NOM-059-SEMARNAT). We assessed the status of M. walkerae in Mexico and re-evaluated its global status. According to our analysis, M. walkerae should be considered an endangered species based on the IUCN’s assessment method and a threatened species in Mexico based on the Mexican criteria. Our findings …

Abiotic Disorders Of Tomatoes, Nick Volesky, Marion Murray, Sheriden M. Hansen, Maegen A. Lewis

All Current Publications

Monitoring tomato plants regularly from seedling to harvest allows for early detection of abnormal conditions. Although tomato plants can be attacked by a variety of living organisms (insects, mites, pathogens, vertebrates), nonliving (abiotic) conditions can cause just as much damage. Abiotic diseases in tomato plants can arise from nutrient deficiencies, temperature extremes, abnormal lighting, chemical application, changes in water uptake, mechanical damage, genetic mutations, and more. This guide will cover most of the abiotic disorders and diseases that can affect tomatoes in Utah.

Rare Elfin Abundance Correlates With Host Plant Density, Matthew Look

Biology Student Scholarship

Matthew Look ’22
Major: Environmental Biology
Faculty Mentor: Dr. Rachael Bonoan, Biology

The rare frosted elfin butterfly (Callophrys irus) is a host plant specialist; it lays eggs on only two plant species, including small yellow indigo (Baptisia tinctoria). This makes the butterfly especially vulnerable to habitat fragmentation. Using indigo samples and butterfly survey data, we examined the effect of indigo quantity and quality on elfin abundance at Gavins Pond (Sharon/Foxboro, MA). Indigo density significantly affected butterfly count—frosted elfins were more likely to be spotted in patches with high indigo density. While nutritional analysis is ongoing, current findings suggest that augmenting …

Fighting Food Insecurity In New York City: What Role For Street Trees?, Kristen Cooney

Environment and Sustainability Honors Papers

There is growing recognition that urban forests have the potential to combat food insecurity via their edible parts, namely fruits, berries, and nuts. I researched New York City’s street trees, by locating trees with edible parts within food insecure communities, to analyze this potential.

P-Flux: A Phosphorus Budget Dataset Spanning Diverse Agricultural Production Systems In The United States And Canada, M. R. Williams, P. Welikhe, J. Bos, K. King, M. Akland, D. J. Augustine, C. Baffaut, E. G. Beck, A. Bierer, D. D. Bosch, Elizabeth H. Boughton, C. B. Brandani, E. Brooks, Anthony R. Buda, M. Cavigelli, J. Faulkner, G. Feyereisen, A. Fortunato, B. Lee, Jason M. Unrine

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Pengujian Karakter Hasil Dan Komponen Hasil Klon Ubi Jalar Berdaging Putih Berdasarkan Analisis Multivariat, Arif Affan Wicaksono, Debby Ustari, Saskia Pratiwi, Syariful Mubarok, Agung Karuniawan

Jurnal Kultivasi

Ubi jalar memiliki keragaman genetik yang luas sehingga potensi genetiknya dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Ubi jalar berdaging putih memiliki kandungan pati paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan warna yang lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi karakter hasil dan komponen hasil klon ubi jalar berdaging putih. Percobaan dilakukan di tiga lokasi sentra produksi ubi jalar yakni Kabupaten Sumedang, Kabupaten Garut, dan Kabupaten Majalengka, Jawa Barat mulai bulan Desember 2019 hingga Desember 2020. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menguji 11 klon ubi jalar berdaging putih, yang terdiri atas 8 klon hasil persilangan dan 3 varietas cek menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. …

Re-Evaluation Of Late Season Action Thresholds And The Effect Of Seed Treatments On Early Season Colonization Of Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper, Spissistilus Festinus (Say), In Louisiana Soybean, Glycine Max (L) Merr, Tyler Ray Tagle Musgrove

LSU Master's Theses

Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr, is considered the most economically important oil and feed crop in the US and is grown on nearly 35,000,000 ha on an annual basis. Factors that limit yield include weed pressure, disease infection, and of particular interest to entomologists, insect herbivory. Soybean is targeted by a range of above and below ground pests which are primarily controlled by insecticides. Neonicotinoids are a recently popularized insecticide class that when applied as a seed treatment, can provide protection from early season pests. The most economically significant early season pest is threecornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say), whose …

Development Of Alternative Materials And Strategies For Enhancing Rice Health, Jobelle S. Bruno

LSU Master's Theses

Bacterial panicle blight (BPB) and sheath blight (ShB) are economically important diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) in Louisiana and other rice-growing regions around the world. However, there are challenges in the current disease management practices for these diseases. Thus, the main goal of this study is to identify new materials and their application methods that effectively suppress BPB and ShB. To achieve this goal, we evaluated the effect of various materials and application methods against the rice diseases. In 2020 and 2021, various materials, such as ascorbic acid (AA), N-acetylcysteine, chitosan, the avirulent strain of Burkholderia glumae 257sh-1 …

Pemilihan Teknik Aplikasi Dan Dosis Pupuk Hayati Pelarut Kalium Untuk Meningkatkan Serapan Kalium Dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung Pada Tanah Inceptisols, Diyan Herdiyantoro, Tualar Simarmata, Mieke Rochimi Setiawati, Nenny Nurlaeny, Benny Joy, Mahfud Arifin, Jajang Sauman Hamdani, Iin Handayani

Jurnal Kultivasi

Salah satu strategi yang diterapkan pada pupuk hayati untuk menunjukkan efek positif pada tanaman yang diinokulasi adalah pemilihan teknik aplikasi dan dosis yang tepat, baik pada tanah, benih, atau kombinasi keduanya. Tujuan dari percobaan ini adalah mendapatkan teknik aplikasi dan dosis pupuk hayati pelarut K yang memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap penyerapan K dan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) pada Inceptisols Jatinangor. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada November 2018-Januari 2019 di rumah kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 9 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari tanpa perlakuan (kontrol), aplikasi pada benih 400 g.ha-1 dan 800 …

Potensi Hasil Dan Uji Keseragaman Famili F7 Padi Gogo Tahan Rebah Hasil Persilangan Padi Lokal Bangka X Varietas Unggul, Eries Dyah Mustikarini, Gigih Ibnu Prayoga, Ratna Santi, Widodo Wisnu Murti

Jurnal Kultivasi

Perakitan tanaman padi gogo yang akan dilepaskan sebagai varietas harus memiliki keseragaman dan kestabilan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keseragaman famili F7 pada tanaman padi gogo tahan rebah dan mendapatkan galur harapan dengan daya hasil tertinggi pada tanaman padi gogo F7. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2020 sampai Mei 2021, di Kebun Penelitian dan Percobaan (KP2), Fakultas Pertanian Perikanan dan Biologi, Universitas Bangka Belitung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan percobaan berupa rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Perlakuan terdiri dari 5 galur F7 padi gogo dan 5 varietas pembanding. Analisis data karakter kualitatif …

Editorial: Accelerating Genetic Gains In Pulses, Aditya Pratap, Shiv Kumar, Patricia L. Polowick, Matthew W. Blair, Michael Baum

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Viability Test Of Halotolerant Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobacteria On Different Carrier Composition And Application Dosage Of Nitrogen Biofertilizer To Increase Rice Growth On Saline Ecosystems, Fiqriah Hanum Khumairah, Fachruddin Azwari, Mieke Rochimi Setiawati, Betty Natalie Fitriatin, Tualar Simarmata

Jurnal Kultivasi

The use of saline soils as productive agricultural land poses major challenges. The utilization of nitrogen biofertilizer with halotolerant N-fixing rhizobacteria as the active material at the right dosage can increase soil productivity and support plant growth. The aim of this study was to obtain the composition of the carrier material that can maintain rhizobacteria viability, water content, and pH of nitrogen biofertilizer and to obtain the right dosage to increase the growth of rice plants in saline ecosystems. The research location was at Microbiology Laboratory of CV Bintang Asri Arthauly, Bandung and greenhouse of Jayamukti Village, Banyusari District, Karawang …

Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Methanolic Extract On Isolated Smooth Muscles And Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme: An In Vitro And Mechanistic In Silico Investigation, Muhammad Nabeel Ghayur, Mohnad Abdalla, Asaad Khalid, Saeed Ahmad, Anwar Gilani

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Results: When tested on the baseline of isolated tissues, Tfg.Cr was devoid of any activity (stimulant or relaxant) till 10 mg/ml. This is an interesting finding, keeping in mind that the fenugreek seeds are used to alleviate constipation and diarrhoea. When Tfg.Cr was tried for any potential AChE inhibitory activity, it did show an inhibitory effect in increasing concentrations (47-380 μg/ml). This inhibitory effect was comparable to the effect produced by a standard AChE inhibitor physostigmine. One of the known fenugreek constituents, diosgenin, was also tested, and it also showed an AChE inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner (11-190 …

Fruits Of Nandina Domestica Are (Sometimes) Cyanogenic And (Sometimes) Hazardous To Birds, Scott Zona

Poisonous Plant Research (PPR)

A 12-month survey of cyanogenesis in the fruits and leaves of Nandina domestica (Berberidaceae) revealed that the leaves are strongly cyanogenic throughout the year, as measured by the Feigl-Anger test. Fruits vary in their cyanogenic potential depending on the degree of ripeness and clone. Green fruits are strongly and rapidly cyanogenic, but most ripe fruits are weakly and slowly cyanogenic. Some fruits tested negative for cyanide. Fruits tend to become less cyanogenic the longer they remain on the plant, so birds feeding on older fruits are at a lower risk of poisoning. More than other frugivores, cedar waxwings (Bombycilla …

Pestfacts Wa Issue 01 - April 2022, Cindy L. Webster, Svetlana Micic, Saleh Adnan, Janette Pratt, Jean Galloway, Adam H. Sparks, Jeff Russell

PestFacts WA

PestFacts WA Issue 01 - April 2022 contents:

• What to expect from mollusc pests after a hot dry summer
• Meet our new team member – Dr Saleh Adnan
• Canola blackleg risk forecasts
• Have you checked out the new Grains Farm Biosecurity website?

Forage News [2022-04], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

No abstract provided.

Drivers And Barriers Of The Transition To Regenerative Agriculture Within The Eu’S Common Agricultural Policy Reform: Comparative Analysis With The Us Farm Bill, Samantha Gish

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In the wake of multiple crises, such as climate change and international conflict, there is increased urgency to ensure a stable food system. Additionally, changing priorities of citizens have fostered the desire for sustainable production of food. One innovative method of food production is regenerative agriculture and in this practice the main goals are to increase system resilience, improve soil and sequester carbon. This is done through practices such as no tilling, cover and intercropping, and incorporation of livestock into crop fields. Although great in theory, these practices go against traditional agricultural practices and therefore the policy currently in place …

Cattle Diet Selection During The Growing Season On Upland Sandhills Rangelands, Alejandro Orozco-Lopez

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The Sandhills is a diverse and complex ecosystem comprised of different topographic positions (i.e. slopes and interdunes) that influence grazing distribution, plant species composition, and cattle diet selection. The first objective of this study was to evaluate how grazing intensity influences species composition on slopes and interdunes on native rangeland within the Hillside pasture (160 ha) at the UNL Gudmundsen Sandhill’s Laboratory (GSL). The second objective of this study was to evaluate forage quality of individual species from three plant functional groups (i.e. warm-season grasses, cool-season grasses, and forbs/shrubs) on native rangeland within the Hillside pasture (160 ha) at GSL. …

A Quantitative Study Of Orchids And Their Proximate Environments Over An Elevational Gradient On The Northern Slope Of Montagne D’Ambre, Hazel Schrader

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This research investigated change in orchid populations and their proximate environments on the Northern slope of Montagne d’Ambre, a subhumid forest in Northern Madagascar. Orchid density, way of life (epiphyte or terrestrial), phenology, and associations were recorded over 100m elevation gradients and between forest types (primary, secondary, dry, and humid forests at the same altitude). Additionally, orchid preferences for certain heights in the forest and DBH of host trees were analyzed. The establishment of 50X20m plots in 100m elevation gradients combined with ground survey yielded significant results demonstrating change along with elevation as well as forest types. Orchid density increased …

Yield, Nutrient Contents And Antioxidant Levels In Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) Grown In Aquaponic And Soil Systems, Maryam Ahmed Albedwawi

Theses

A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of Ocimum basilicum L. in both aquaponic and soil systems in the UAE climatic condition. The experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions. Plants were raised in aquaponic beds with ornamental fishes in different concentrations. At the same time, a set of plants were raised in pots under a greenhouse set-up. The studied parameters were morphological (total weight and leaf number, shoot and root length, number of branches), biochemical (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, anthocyanin, xanthophyll, protein, and phenol contents) and antioxidant levels (Ascorbic acid and tocopherol). For analyzing the stress effects …

Effect Of Natural Elicitors And Cold Storageperiod On Quality Improvement Of Uae Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix Dactylifera L. Cv. Khesab), Shamsa Salem Nasser Abdulla Alblooshi

Theses

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the most important fruit trees grown in arid and semi-arid regions. Despite the immense capabilities of date palm, it is still a challenge to maintain fruit quality, marketability, and shelf life. The objective of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of a preharvest spray application of the natural elicitor chitosan (Ch) 1% alone and in combination with salicylic acid (SA) 2 mM and calcium chloride (Ca) 3%; (Ch, SA, Ca, Ch+Ca, Ch+ SA, Ch+ SA +Ca) on the quality parameters, shelf life and bioactive compound content of date fruit of …

Microbiome Variation Across Populations Of Desert Halophyte Zygophyllum Qatarensis, Abdul Latif Khan, Lucas Dantas Lopes, Saqib Bilal, Sajjad Asaf, Kerri M. Crawford, Venkatesh Balan, Ahmed Al-Rawahi, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Daniel P. Schachtman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Microbial symbionts play a significant role in plant health and stress tolerance. However, few studies exist that address rare species of core-microbiome function during abiotic stress. In the current study, we compared the microbiome composition of succulent dwarf shrub halophyte Zygophyllum qatarensis Hadidi across desert populations. The results showed that rhizospheric and endosphere microbiome greatly varied due to soil texture (sandy and gravel). No specific bacterial amplicon sequence variants were observed in the core-microbiome of bulk soil and rhizosphere, however, bacterial genus Alcaligenes and fungal genus Acidea were abundantly distributed across root and shoot endospheres. We also analyzed major nutrients …

Microbiome Variation Across Populations Of Desert Halophyte Zygophyllum Qatarensis, Abdul Latif Khan, Lucas Dantas Lopes, Saqib Bilal, Sajjad Asaf, Kerri M. Crawford, Venkatesh Balan, Ahmed Al-Rawahi, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Daniel P. Schachtman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Microbial symbionts play a significant role in plant health and stress tolerance. However, few studies exist that address rare species of core-microbiome function during abiotic stress. In the current study, we compared the microbiome composition of succulent dwarf shrub halophyte Zygophyllum qatarensis Hadidi across desert populations. The results showed that rhizospheric and endosphere microbiome greatly varied due to soil texture (sandy and gravel). No specific bacterial amplicon sequence variants were observed in the core-microbiome of bulk soil and rhizosphere, however, bacterial genus Alcaligenes and fungal genus Acidea were abundantly distributed across root and shoot endospheres. We also analyzed major nutrients …

Evaluation Of Pasting Properties Of Plantain, Cooking Banana, Selected Cereals And Their Composites As Indicators For Their Food Values, Wasiu B. Agbaje, Oluseye O. Abiona, Shola H. Awojide, Luqman A. Azeez, Adeniyi S. Tayo

Tanzania Journal of Science

The pasting properties of unripe plantain, unripe cooking banana, some selected cereals and their composite flours were investigated in relation to their food values. Each of the samples was cleaned, air–dried and pulverized to form the native flours which were mixed in different proportions to form the composite flours. Soft doughs were prepared from the flours and subjected to textural evaluation. The adjudged best from each set was analysed using Rapid Visco–Analyser followed by determination of their proximate composition and functional properties. The results showed that the breakdown viscosity (cP) of each of the composite flours was less than 920.50 …

Effects Of Neem Aqueous Extract (Azadirachta Indica) Against Aphids And Aphid-Borne Virus In Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp), Kehinde T. Kareem, Rachael B. Olayinka, Juliana A. Ugwu, Olubusola F. Oduwaye

Tanzania Journal of Science

Pests and diseases are among the major factors limiting plant growth and yields. Pests are known vectors of pathogens including viruses. Proper management of plant pests is an indirect means of controlling viral diseases in plants. This study aimed at comparing the potential of neem extract and a synthetic insecticide (lambda cyhalothrin) for the management of aphids and Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in five different cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes and to determine the residual effects of the insecticide in the cowpea grains. The experimental field was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Treatments included; spraying …

Influence Of Roasting On The Proximate, Functional And Sensory Properties Of Jackfruit Seeds And Amaranth Grain Composite Complementary Flours, Agnes Nabubuya, Robert Mugabi, Abraham Kaggwa, Paddy Ainebyona, Rukia Nalugya

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study evaluated the effects of roasting on jackfruit seeds (JFS) and amaranth grain composite complementary flours. Eleven formulations were used for the study. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, crude ash and carbohydrate contents varied from 6.5 to 8.7%, 10.66 to 20.9%, 0.93 to 5.98%, 4.46 to 10.2%, 2.6 to 3.76% and 51.3 to 71.7%, respectively. The water absorption capacity (WAC), water solubility index (WSI), oil absorption capacity, swelling power (SP) and bulk density (BD) ranged from 238.9 to 360.5%, 3.9 to 12%, 107.4 to 200.6%, 13.3 to 45.9%, and 0.5 to 0.7 g/mL, respectively. Increasing amaranth …

Microgreens Grow Kit: A Novel Pilot Study To Improve Nutrition Awareness, Ben Haslund-Gourley, Chris Para, Swaksha Rachuri, Sascha Enders, Rayna Marshall, Vibhuti Mishra, Simone Udeh, Jessica Nwabeke, Annette Gadegbeku

Transformative Medicine

Obesity and associated non-communicable illnesses including coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke have steadily increased in prevalence over the last decade. Previous studies identified the involvement of individual, family, and community support intervention strategies used to prevent and manage obesity. Additionally, education on nutrition from the early stages of development is crucial for obesity prevention and control. Therefore, new preventative methods are needed to further engage and educate individuals and communities about health-conscious diets. Microgreen cultivation utilizes a reduced cost, low-footprint, recyclable, weather-independent, and transportable method to provide less nutrition-privileged communities with exposure to healthy foods within one …

Comparison Of Some Prunus Ursine K.Y. Genotypes Prevailing In The Western Areas Of Syria In Terms Of Seed Content From Oil And Protein, مقارنة بعض طرز خوخ الدب Prunus Ursina K.Y. المنتشرة في المنطقة الغربية من سورية من حيث محتوى البذور من الزيت والبروتين, Haitham Ismail, Mazen Rajab, Ammar Omran, Safaa Sabbouh

Arab Journal of Arid Environments المجلة العربية للبيئات الجافة

This study was carried out during 2015 (in the Western Areas of Syria), to determine the percentage of protein and oil in the seeds of some distribution phenotypes of Prunus ursina K.Y. in different regions of Westrens of Syria. six natural distribution sites were determined (Duerbsndiana, Alnabeen, Alshohtte, Helata, Btmazah and Wadeheleen), and 35 trees were determined as samples. The fruits were collected and seeded at full maturity phase. Percentage of protein and oil was also determined. Data was taken for ANOVA analysis using the statistical Software Costat. Comparision of averages at significance level 5% was made. The percentage of …