Digital Commons Network^™

Growth, Morphological, And Biochemical Responses Of Four Native Species To Salinity Stress, Asmita Paudel, Youping Sun

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Native plants are of great value in landscape maintenance. Despite their importance in the landscape, the salt tolerance of most native plants has received little attention. The present research was designed to assess morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of four Utah-native plants [Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (kinnikinnick), Cercocarpus ledifolius (curl-leaf mountain mahogany), Cercocarpus montanus ‘Coy’ (alder-leaf mountain mahogany), and Shepherdia ×utahensis ‘Torrey’ (hybrid buffaloberry)] at different salinity levels. Each species was irrigated with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m^-1 (control) or saline solutions at ECs of 5.0 or 10.0 dS·m^-1 for 8 …

Protecting Wa Crops Issue 30 - May 2023, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Protecting WA Crops

Protecting WA Crops Issue 30 - May 2023 contents:

• GRDC Perth Research Updates – Pathology – Part 2
• Impact of fungicide product, rotation and timing on Net form net blotch in Planet barley in southern WA
• Economical management of Spot form net blotch in low rainfall environments
• Meet crop protection team member – Jason Bradley

Effects Of Exercise When Transitioning From Free Choice Tall Fescue (Lolium Arundinaceum) Grass Diet In Late Summer To Free Choice Tall Fescue Hay Diet In Late Fall On Plasma Fructosamine Concentrations, Insulin Levels, Body Weight, And Body Condition Scores Of Stock Horse Mares And Gelding, Riley Brown

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Equine exercise may influence a horse’s metabolic and physiological functions. Studies can help to prove this linkage, and to better understand the nutritional requirements of the horse. The parameters that are being evaluated are plasma-fructosamine concentrations, insulin levels, body weight (lbs.), and body condition score (BCS) as a measurement of obesity. Eight horses used in this study were split into two groups; Worked horses were exercised three times a week while the unworked horses were not exercised. All eight horses were fed an ad libitum diet of tall fescue grass and hay for 127 days.

Forage samples were collected to …

Nebline, May 2023

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

The 4-H Thriving Model Provides a Guide for Helping Youth Grow to Their Full Potential by Tracy Anderson

Beef: A Healthy and Delicious Choice for Your Next Meal by Kayla Colgrove

Recipe of the Month: Skillet Lasagna by Kayla Colgrove

Managing Chlorosis in Trees by Sarah Browning

Garden Guide: Things to Do This Month

May is the Perfect Time to Learn More About Your Drinking Water! by Becky Schuerman

Cash Rent Survey

Challenging Behavior Corner: Providing Choices by Hayley Jackson

Pollinator Spotlight: The Yucca Moth by Kait Chapman

At Ag Literacy Festival, 4th Graders Learn How Agriculture Impacts Their Daily …

Plasticity Of Sorghum Biomass And Inflorescence Traits In Response To Nitrogen Application, Kyle M. Linders

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient required for growth and development in plants. Insufficient nitrogen availability can reduce vegetative growth and grain yield. However, nitrogen is a costly input for farmers, is energy intensive to manufacture, and runoff of excess nitrogen fertilizer impacts water quality. Compared to its close relative, maize, sorghum has much greater resilience to nitrogen and water deficit, and heat stress, allowing sorghum to be grown with fewer inputs and on marginal land. Variation in total biomass accumulation and grain yield between sorghum accessions, as well as between nitrogen conditions, can be largely explained by differences in vegetative …

Influence Of Potassium Fertilizer Application Timing On Cotton Production As Related To Soil Potassium On U.S. Coastal Plain Soils, Shruthy Suresh Kumar

All Theses

Understanding soil K dynamics is highly significant in cotton production owing to its prominent role in cotton fiber quality. About 31 % of cotton production in the U.S. is concentrated in SE states, with coastal plain soils having low innate K availability. Crop fertilizer-K recommendations are primarily made worldwide and across the U.S. using pre-plant STK concentrations. A literature review on cotton K studies suggests that fertilizer-K recommendations based on pre-plant STK concentrations alone need fine-tuning to meet the increasing K demands in modern cultivars, variations in crop K requirement patterns, and varied soil K supplying capacity. Studies have been …

An Investigation Of Seed Hardness And Seed Coat Color Values In Natto Soybean, Joshua Winter

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Natto is a specialty fermented soyfood made from small-seeded (seeds-1) soybean varieties. Seed hardness and seed coat color are important seed traits that determine the texture and appearance of natto and are thus valuable to breeders. Prior research has identified quantitative trait loci (QTL, hereafter) for seed hardness, but its nature as a quantitative trait heavily influenced by the environment means that it is still poorly understood. Prior research has identified the primary genetic components of seed coat color using simple visual inspection, but few studies have investigated the usefulness of more quantitative measurements, such as the color space coordinates …

Gene Expression Changes Linked To Phenylpropanoid-Based Resistance To Fusarium Head Blight Of Wheat, Shiv Singla

Department of Plant Pathology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Fusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogen of wheat that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) and contaminates the grain with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Resistance to FHB is quantitative and it is important to identify additional genes conferring resistance against it. The goal of this thesis was to examine if the constitutive expression of two sorghum phenylpropanoid pathway genes, SbCCoAOMT (encoding caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase) and SbC3’H (encoding p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase), in the moderately-susceptible spring wheat CB037 can provide Type-I and Type-II resistance to F. graminearum and determine the underlying mechanisms of the enhanced resistance. The constitutive expression lines (CCoAOMT413, CCoAOMT421, C3H112, …

Multiomic Explorations Of Fruit Texture And Postharvest Quality In Blackberry And Muscadine Grape, Thomas Mason Chizk

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

For most fresh-market fruit crops, texture is an important trait that strongly affects both shipping potential and consumer opinion. Efficient, scalable phenotyping methods are required by breeding programs to effectively select for improvements to fruit texture quality. In muscadine, we have developed a recommendation for characterizing complex muscadine grape texture profiles by comparing the results of breeders’ ratings, descriptive sensory panel results, and an array of instrumental protocols. Regression models were constructed to predict awareness of skins, crispness, hardness, and visual separation explaining 85%, 91%, 82%, and 83% of variance respectively. Genotypes that scored most highly in breeders’ ratings of …

Exploring Gene Expression Patterns For Resilient Maize Lines Under Nitrogen Stress, Alice Guo

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Nitrogen plays a major role in the proper growth and development of maize and is therefore essential to crop production, being the most critical nutrient for achieving optimal yield. In previous field and greenhouse studies, we have found maize lines that differ in their resiliency to nitrogen stress. To identify the potential genomic regions associated with the differences in nitrogen deficiency resilience, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) were conducted. Based on a previous study, the most consistently resilient maize inbred lines within the Goodman-Buckler diversity panel have been identified as the lines A619 and A661, while the non-resilient inbred lines have …

Sweet Potato In The Lower Rio Grande Valley: Evaluating Performance Across Several Cultivars, Jon Dale

Theses and Dissertations

In Texas’ subtropical, semiarid Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), citrus and sugarcane cultures have dominated specialty crop production for more than a half-century. However, the future of these high-dollar crops is becoming uncertain with increases in exotic pathogens, intensifying urbanization and the overarching complexities of both climate change and binational governance of Rio Grande Basin waters. For these reasons, the region’s specialty crop sector needs to be ready for alternatives that could benefit both market outlets and reduced input dependencies. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), commercially grown in various similar climates worldwide with limited water resources, could be one …

Study Of Population Dynamics Of Sugarcane Aphid (Melanaphis Sacchari) In Rio Grande Valley, Texas, Neetu Khanal

Theses and Dissertations

Chapter 1: This chapter incorporates detailed information about the biotype concept, aphids, their types and their biotypes, importance of studying insect biotypes and their role in mediating host plant defenses.

Chapter 2: This chapter explains in detail about the biology, biotypes, feeding behavior, damage, and economic loss caused due to sugarcane aphid infestation. This chapter further elaborates on the need for studying population level differences and justifies the objectives and significance of this research study.

Chapter 3: This chapter provides information about the comprehensive work done on three different populations of sugarcane aphid collected from three different locations in Rio …

Management Of Nematodes Associated With Tobacco And Sweet Potato Using Non-Fumigant Approach, Md Shah Alam

All Theses

Tobacco and sweet potato are attacked by several species of plant-parasitic nematodes leading to substantial yield losses. Because host-plant resistance is lacking in commercial cultivars and other common methods of nematode management either have low efficacy or pose adverse effects to the environment, controlled environment studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of non-fumigant chemical and biological nematicides against Meloidogyne enterolobii on tobacco and Rotylenchulus reniformis on sweet potato. Results suggest that fluensulfone was the most effective in suppressing M. enterolobii in tobacco, followed by oxamyl and fluopyram. The biological Burkholderia derived biological nematicide did not suppress the nematode population. …

Laser Inscribed Graphene Aptasensor For Detection Of Apple Stem Pitting Virus, Yifan Tang

All Theses

Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) is a latent RNA virus that could cause significant loss to apple production; early-stage field diagnosis could reduce the economic loss caused by ASPV infection. Biosensor is a promising user-friendly detection tool that could transduce biological or chemical interactions into electric signals. Among various types of biosensors, aptasensor, which use aptamers as recognition elements show potential as a high throughput, in-field test. The goal of this thesis is to develop an electrochemical aptasensor testing system for ASPV detection. The quality control study of laser inscribed graphene (LIG) based working electrode of the biosensor was conducted …

Estimating The Functional Consequences Of Intra-Specific Trichome Variation Of Tomato, Solanum Lycopersicum On The Specialist Herbivore, Manduca Sexta, Satinderpal Kaur

Theses and Dissertations

Chapter 1: Plants have a wide array of defenses against herbivores and hence they must confer trade-offs between growth and defense related traits. By using Solanum as a model genus, the major plant defense fitness trade-off hypotheses are reviewed in this chapter along with their assumptions and examples.

Chapter 2: This chapter provides an overview of the enormous intra-specific diversity in trichome morphology in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum. Also, the trichome sub-types are analyzed for the variations in density and dimensions in 10 varieties of tomato by using desktop scanning electron microscope.

Chapter 3: This chapter examines the functional consequences …

Influence Of Cover Cropping And Nitrogen Fertilization On Soil Properties And Cotton Productivity, Christianah Oladoye

All Dissertations

Conservation practices with cover crops have proven to be effective in nutrient enrichment, increased yield, and environmental stability. Field studies were conducted from 2019 to 2022 to evaluate the short-term effect of No cover crop [NC], RYE, a mix of rye + vetch [R+V], and mix of five species (radish, rye, vetch, clover, and lupin) [5W] on short term soil physical, chemical properties, cotton growth, and lint yield. Cover crops were planted in November and terminated in May of each year. Soil dry and wet aggregate fractions (0-0.05 m) and soil compaction (0-0.4 m depth) were measured at termination. The …

Winter Hardy Small Cereals For Grazing Or Silage In Eastern Nebraska, Abigail M. Sartin

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Two, 3-year studies were conducted to evaluate the value of cereal rye, winter wheat, and winter triticale as forage sources for either for silage or early spring grazing. For silage, the objective was to evaluate species and maturity effects on dry matter yield, nutritive value, and fermentation of small cereal silage. There are no major differences between wheat, rye, or triticale in terms of the relative timing of each species reached each maturity stage. There are no differences among species in dry matter (DM) yield, except for wheat which tends to decline at soft dough due to senescence of the …

Impact Of Drought And Fertilizer Use On The Photosynthesis Rate Of Cucumber And Sweet Corn Under Ambient And Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Conditions, Kate Fenske

Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)

No abstract provided.

A Deep Learning Framework For Processing And Classification Of Hyperspectral Rice Seed Images Grown Under High Day And Night Temperatures, Víctor Díaz-Martínez, Jairo Orozco-Sandoval, Vidya Manian, Balpreet K. Dhatt, Harkamal Walia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A framework combining two powerful tools of hyperspectral imaging and deep learning for the processing and classification of hyperspectral images (HSI) of rice seeds is presented. A seed-based approach that trains a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) using the full seed spectral hypercube for classifying the seed images from high day and high night temperatures, both including a control group, is developed. A pixel-based seed classification approach is implemented using a deep neural network (DNN). The seed and pixel-based deep learning architectures are validated and tested using hyperspectral images from five different rice seed treatments with six different high temperature …

The Bellarmine Bee Bed: Organizing A Native Plant Garden Using Feedback From The Local Community, Kate Moran

Undergraduate Theses

Animal pollinators are the cornerstone of healthy ecosystems. Their survival is essential for the persistence of entire food chains: from the flowers they cross-pollinate directly, to the animals who depend on those plants for nutrition. The establishment of pollinator gardens—particularly ones that consist of native plants—is an effective way to enhance their biodiversity, abundance, and well-being.

The main goal of this thesis is to construct a pollinator garden that maximizes the benefits for animal pollinators using feedback from local gardeners. A survey was used to gather information about the popularity and preferences of 40 flowering plants, and after analyzing the …

Animal Performance And Productivity Of New Ecotypes Of Brachiaria Brizantha In Brazil, Valéria P. B. Euclides, Manuel C. M. Macedo, Cacilda B. Do Valle, R. Flores, M. P. Oliveira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Brazil has the competitive advantage of a very dynamic and cost effective animal production system on pastures over other countries. The pursuit for more productive forages that will result in higher quality beef at a lower cost is then justified. Brachiaria is the most important forage genus utilised in Brazil, thus an intense search for new cultivars amongst collected and introduced ecotypes from Africa is underway. Following agronomic evaluation of this material in plots, 8 pre-selected Brachiaria ecotypes were tested under intermittent grazing in paddocks (Euclides et al., 2001). Continuing on the process of cultivar development, two out of …

Development Of A Bahiagrass Paspalum Notatum Flugge With Increased Short-Day Biomass, P. Mislevy, Ann R. Blount, T. R. Sinclair

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Low herbage productivity of subtropical grasses during the short-day winter months of October through to March can place a severe burden on livestock producers in Southeastern U.S. Researchers at the University of Florida (Sinclair et al., 2001) hypothesised that the decrease in forage production might result from physiological dormancy induced by short day length. A study using artificial lights to extend the day length demonstrated that maintaining the day length at 15 hr during the short-day length period increased 'Pensacola' bahiagrass P. notatum Flugge saure Parodi forage yield 122% when compared with normal photoperiod (Mislevy et al., 2001). …

Genetic And Molecular Characterization Of Temperate And Tropical Forage Maize Inbred Lines, B. Alarcón-Zúñiga, E. Valadez-Moctezuma, T. Cervantes-Martinez, T. Cervantes-Santana, M. Mendoza‐Rodriguez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The livestock feeding in the Central highland of Mexico is based on harvest, grazing and annual forage conservation, being forage maize the most important silage crop (Alarcón, 1995). Even though forage maize is extensively bred in Europe, USA and Asia since 1900's, this started in Mexico in the 1960's, and little is known about the genetic diversity in both agronomic and nutritive value traits. Our breeding program goals are to analyze combining ability of biomass and quality predictors and to study the genetic relationship of inbred lines between lowland tropical and temperate races from Mesa Central, by genetic and molecular …

Effect Of Applied Biosolids To Bahiagrass Pastures On Copper Status Of Cattle, M. E. Tiffany, L. R. Mcdowell, G. A. O'Connor, N. S. Wilkinson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

When grazing ruminants consume forages high in Mo but adequate in S, there is a risk of molybdenosis (a Mo-induced Cu deficiency). This occurs when Mo, S, and Cu join to form Cu-thiomolybdate complexes in the rumen that are not readily absorbed (Suttle, 1991). High dietary S reduces Cu absorption, possibly due to unabsorbable Cu sulphide formation, independent from its part in thiomolybdate complexes. The use of municipal sludge (biosolids) as a pasture fertiliser is of interest since some contain high Mo which may induce Cu deficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and Cu status …

An In Vitro Investigation Of Forage Factors Which Affect The Production Of Conjugated Linoleic Acid And Trans Vaccenic Acid In The Rumen. Ii. Wilting & Cell Damage, Michael R. F. Lee, J. K. S. Tweed, Nigel D. Scollan, R. J. Dewhurst

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Previous studies have shown that cis 9 trans 11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations are higher for summer milk produced from cows grazing fresh pastures than for winter milk when conserved forages are fed (Jahreis et al., 1997). Furthermore, Offer (2003) showed that a similar depression in milk fat CLA occurred if grass was simply cut and fed after a short wilt. This experiment investigated the effect of wilting on the production of CLA and trans vaccenic acid (TVA) in an in vitro rumen simulation, and whether any differences could be related to changes in plant structure. It was …

Effects Of Grassland Management On Herbage Lipid Composition And Consequences For Fatty Acids In Milk, Anjo Elgersma, P. Maudet, I. Witkowska, A. C. Wever

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Herbage provides bulk feed and is the basis for ruminant nutrition. Herbage lipids, especially C18:3, are a major source of beneficial fatty acids (FA) in milk. These desired FA are unsaturated FA such as CLA (conjugated linoleic acid), especially the isomer rumenic acid, and also vaccenic acid, both trans omega-7 FA (Ellen & Elgersma, 2004). As information on lipids in forages is scarce, effects were studied of N application level and regrowth period on the lipid concentration and FA composition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), the most important forage in temperate climate zones. A linear relation had previously …

Effect Of Feeding L-Carnitine And Sunflower Seeds On Cla Content Of Pasture-Fed Beef, S. L. Scott, W. P. Mccaughey, K. E. Buckley

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pasture finishing enhances levels of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in beef lipids (Shanta et al. 1997). CLA (e.g., C18:2 c9, t11), formed during biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the rumen, can reduce the incidence of heart disease, cancer and obesity in humans. However, pasture finishing cattle can reduce carcass grade. Feeding pasture-fed cattle a high-grain diet for a short finishing period (~60 d) improves grades but may reduce lipid CLA levels. A feeding regime is required that maintains the positive nutritional attributes of pasture-fed beef and improves the meat grade. The objective of this study was to investigate …

Content, Pattern And Esterification Of Fatty Acids In Fresh Grass In Relation To Extraction Solvents And Sample Storage Conditions, Marta Lourenço, Veerle Fievez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The relatively high content of linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) in forages has lead to research on the role of forage based feeding strategies in the production of healthier milk. In these studies, forage samples are often stored, although analysis immediately after harvest has been considered to avoid oxidative deterioration and transformation of unsaturated fatty acids (FA) (Christie, 1993; Frankel, 1998). In the current study, we evaluated the effect of different storage conditions (fresh grass samples under liquid nitrogen (liq.N₂) or in a cool box during 3h or at -20ºC, -80ºC or in the extraction solvent at -20°C, during …

Traditional Cattle Feeding Stuffs: Fatty Acid Profile, A. M. Peres, L. Dias, J. Sá Morais, F. Sousa, J. M. Pires

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are perceived to be healthier than saturated fatty acids. Therefore, in order to be able to manipulate the fatty acid profile of meat and/or milk, to respond to the consumer demands, knowledge of the fatty acid profile of feeding stuffs for cattle is of major importance (LeDoux et al., 2002; Petit, 2002). In this work a preliminary study was made of the fatty acid profile of the cow's diet in a traditional farm production system.

Finishing Effect On Fatty Acid Profile Of Intramuscular Fat In Extensively Reared Steers, N. Aldai, B. E. Murray, A. I. Nájera, K. Osoro

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Both the amount and the composition of fat depots in beef may be influenced by several factors i.e. feeding system. Related to this factor, extensively reared cattle may produce beef with a more desirable fatty acid (FA) composition in terms of beneficial effect on human health, especially in relation to the content of n-3 type FAs. However, concentrate finishing improves some carcass traits and meat quality. In this sense, the objective of this work was to study the effect of concentrate finishing on intramuscular (IM) FA profile of Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle in pasture fed steers.