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Genetic Variability Studies In A Selected Population Of Azadirachta Excelsa (Sentang) With Aflp Marker Technology, Chiew Foan Chin

Student Works (2000-2009)

A maternal half-s/b population of Azadirachta excelsa was established from seeds in a randomised complete block design with three replicates. 100 to 200 seeds were collected from each of the 13 selected mother trees. The mother trees were categorised into three groups i.e. large, medium and small according to their girth sizes. 50 progeny seedlings from each scedlot per replicate were planted in the experimental field. Genetic studies on phenotypic measurements and molecular marker analysis were carried out on the established A. excelsa population. Measurements of quantitative traits including diameter breast height (Dbh) and total height were made. Mean Dbh …

Fire Effects On Three Trophic Levels In A Central Arkansas Grassland, Laura Skelton, Amy Polk, Brenna C. Fitzgerald, Matthew D. Moran

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We studied the effect of a late growing-season fire on the plant and foliar arthropod communities in a naturally occurring grassland. In central Arkansas, these grasslands are common on south-facing slopes where shallow soils and hot/dry weather conditions during the summer cannot support the growth of a forest community. Patches of grassland were burned in the autumn (4 November, late growing season), often the time of natural fires in Arkansas, and compared to unburned areas. Fire increased the biomass of forbs and decreased the biomass of grasses, although overall biomass was not different between treatments. Among the foliar arthropods, herbivores …

Investigating The Relationship Between Cryptococcus Fagisuga And Fagus Grandifolia In Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Ashley B. Morris, Randall L. Small, Mitchell B. Cruzan

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Focuses on a study which investigated the relationship between Cryptococcus fagisuga and Fagus grandifolia in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Potential for genetic resistance; Methods; Results and discussion.

The P23 Protein Of Citrus Tristeza Virus Controls Asymmetrical Rna Accumulation, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Siddarame Gowda, Maria A. Ayllon, Maria R. Albiach-Marti, Shailaja Rabindran, William O. Dawson

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a member of the Closteroviridae, has a 19.3-kb positive-stranded RNA genome that is organized into 12 open reading frames (ORFs) with the 10 3' genes expressed via a nested set of nine or ten 3'-coterminal subgenomic mRNAs (sgRNAs). Relatively large amounts of negative-stranded RNAs complementary to both genomic and sgRNAs accumulate in infected cells. As is characteristic of RNA viruses, wild-type CTV produced more positive than negative strands, with the plus-to-minus ratios of genomic and sgRNAs estimated at 10 to 20:1 and 40 to 50:1, respectively. However, a mutant with all of the 3' genes …

Genetic Analysis Of Feed Quality And Seed Weight Of Sorghum Inbred Lines And Hybrids Using Analytical Methods And Nirs, C. Hicks, M. R. Tuinstra, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, F. E. Dowell, K. D. Kofoid

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Eight lines of grain sorghum and their F1 hybrids were evaluated for contents of crude protein (CP), fat (FAT), and starch (STA); protein digestibility (PD); and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD). The effect of seed weight (SW) on these traits and the potential use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict them also were investigated. The male lines included three normal-seeded lines (TX2737, TX435, and P954063) and two largeseeded lines (PL-1 and Eastin1). The female lines included commonU.S. seed parent lines (Wheatland, Redlan, and SA3042). The lines and their hybrids were grown under dryland conditions at Kansas State …

Combinatorial Control Of Yeast Fet4 Gene Expression By Iron, Zinc, And Oxygen, Brian M. Waters, David J. Eide

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Acquisition of metals such as iron, copper, and zinc by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is tightly regulated. High affinity uptake systems are induced under metal-limiting conditions to maintain an adequate supply of these essential nutrients. Low affinity uptake systems function when their substrates are in greater supply. The FET₄ gene encodes a low affinity iron and copper uptake transporter. FET₄ expression is regulated by several environmental factors. In this report, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation. First, we found that FET₄ expression is induced in iron-limited cells by the Aft1 iron-responsive transcriptional activator. Second, FET …

Kinetic Properties Of Bifunctional 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphatase From Spinach Leaves, Jennifer E. Markham, Nicholas J. Kruger

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

A cDNA encoding 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase was isolated from a Spinacia oleracea leaf library and used to ex­press a recombinant enzyme in Escherichia coli and Spodoptera frugiperda cells. The insoluble protein expressed in E. coli was purified and used to raise antibodies. Western blot analysis of a protein extract from spinach leaf showed a single band of 90.8 kDa. Soluble protein was purified to homogeneity from S. frugiperda cells infected with recombinant baculovirus harboring the isolated cDNA. The soluble protein had a molecular mass of 320 kDa, estimated by gel filtration chromatography, and a subunit size of 90.8 kDa. The purified pro­tein …

Clone Size Of Andropogon Gerardii Vitman (Big Bluestem) At Konza Prairie, Kansas, Kathleen H. Keeler, Charles F. Williams, Linda S. Vescio

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Clone size of plants of Andropogon gerardii from Konza Prairie Biological Station, Manhattan, Kansas was estimated from spatial patterns of genetic variation, using proteins detected by starch gel electrophoresis and DNA content (ploidy) measured by flow cytometry. Unique multi-locus protein banding patterns and differences in ploidy were used to exclude plants as members of the same clone. Individual clones averaged about 2 m in diameter and areas of prairie of 100 m² were calculated to contain an average of 31.8 genetic individuals.

In Vitro Mutation Induction By Gamma Irradiation For The Improvement Of A Triploid Banana Pisang Berangan (Aaa), Shadia Aldelgadir Mohamed Rayis

Student Works (2000-2009)

Tissue culture and induced mutation techniques were used to generate variation for the improvement of Pisang Bcrangan cv. 'Intan' (AAA). Best field perform ing banana in vitroplants were multiplied and evaluated for better field performance, which included improved agronomic traits such as earliness in fruiting, short plant stature, high yielding capacity with desirable fruit quality and tolerance to Fusarium wilt. A suitable micropropagation medium for Pisang Berangan was established through modification of MS basic medium, which resulted in significant increase in shoot multiplication. Shoot-tip meristems of Pisang Berangan were then irradiated at 20, 30, 40 and 60 Gy to induce …

Isoetes Toximontana (Isoetaceae), A New Quillwort With Green Megaspores From The Northern Cape Of South Africa, Lytton John Musselman, J. P. Roux

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Isoetes toximontana is only the second quillwort reported from the Northern Cape region in South Africa. It occurs in shallow water on the Gifberg. Megaspores are uniformly tuberculate on the proximal surface; their distal surfaces may have occasional rugi along with bullae. They are olive green when dry. Microspores are brown and aculeate. Preliminary field studies suggest that an unexpected diversity of quillworts is found in this region.

Identification Of Chromosomes In Plants Using Standard Staining Techniques, L. Michael Hill Ph.D.

Biology Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Production Of Cell Wall Enzymes In Pepper Seedlings, Inoculated With Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Glomus Etunicatum, A C Odebode, A O Salami, O Osunubi

Tanzania Journal of Science

Pepper seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal AM fungus, Glomus etunicatum, produced cellulase, polygal-acturonase and pectin methylestrase enzymes. The activities of the enzymes increased as the pepper seedlings matured in age, showing that the activity of the enzymes in the seedlings was age mediated. The pectinases showed higher activity than the cellulase enzyme which may indicate establishment of the mycorrhizal in the host. The significance of this finding is that there is an initial infectivity factor in (AM) fungi interactions with plant just like in other host-parasite interaction.

Heavy Metals In Green Vegetables And Soils From Vegetable Gardens In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, O C Othman

Tanzania Journal of Science

Edible portions of five varieties of green vegetables, namely amaranth, chinese cabbage, cowpea leaves, leafy cabbage and pumpkin leaves, collected from several areas in Dar es Salaam, were analyzed for lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, nickel and copper. Except for zinc, the levels of heavy metals in the vegetables grown at Tabata area were much higher than in the vegetables from Ukonga and Kiwalani. Amaranth and pumpkin leaves had more than 60% higher content of heavy metals, especially copper, chromium and lead, than the other vegetables. All vegetables from Tabata, Buguruni and Sinza had lead-levels higher then the FAO/WHO recommended permissible …

Physicochemical Characteristics Of Some Locally Manufactured Edible Vegetable Oils Marketed In Dar Es Salaam, F N Ngassapa, O C Othman

Tanzania Journal of Science

The physicochemical properties (refractive index, saponification value, Free Fatty Acid (FFA) value, iodine value, acid value, peroxide value and tocopherol content) of seven edible vegetable oils manufactured in Tanzania, were assessed using standard procedures of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Also determined were the levels of these properties with respect to shelf storage of the products. When compared with standard values recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission of FAO/WHO and with other published results, the locally produced vegetable oils were found to be of fair quality but of poor storage stability.

Avian And Mammalian Use Of Three Small Urban Wetlands Invaded By A Pest Species, Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris Arundinacea L.), Laurie Dizney

Dissertations and Theses

Small urban wetlands are being destroyed and degraded at an alarming rate. One result of degradation is invasion by pest species, such as reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L. ). Reed canarygrass forms virtual monocultures in a wide range of wetland types. Wetlands normally have high plant species richness and abundance, which is widely believed to lead to faunal diversity. The purpose of the present study was to determine to what extent birds and mammals use a wetland dominated by reed canarygrass. The research was conducted at Tualatin Hills Nature Park in Beaverton, Washington County, Oregon. I examined three sites …

Isoetes Mattaponica (Isoetaceae), A New Diploid Quillwort From Freshwater Tidal Marshes Of Virginia, Lytton John Musselman, W. Carl Taylor, Rebecca D. Bray

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Isoetes mattaponica is a rare quillwort of freshwater tidal rivers of eastern Virginia with a somatic chromosome number of 2n = 22. Megaspores have low rugulate muri on both the proximal and distal surfaces; the girdle is broad. Microspores are echinate-spinose with ornamented spines. Isoetes mattaponica may be one of the parents of several polyploids in the Southeastern United States.

Miscellaneous Publication 009/2001 - Pistachios Western Australia An Income Producing Reforestation Opportunity For The Wheatbelt, Andrew Quinn

Horticulture published reports

Faced with a rising water-table, salt and acid land impacts, the Western Australian Wheatbelt requires significant changes to traditional farming system models.

Part of this drive towards improved sustainability is the need to re-plant substantial areas to tree belts or blocks. One of the limiting factors in the widescale adoption of on-farm tree planting is the narrow range of opportunities to generate income from these sites.

This report presents a model for the development of a Pistachio nut industry with production integrated into existing Wheatbelt farming systems. In addition to offering significant environmental benefits, the Pistachio tree offers the opportunity …

Western Australian Avocado Industry Survey - 2000, Alec Mccarthy

Horticulture research reports

Key components of the project: The avocado industry in Western Australia has been steadily growing over the past 15 years. During this time there has been no comprehensive survey of the industry to determine its size and production base. This survey aimed to collect information from as many commercial avocado growers as possible about tree numbers, age, yield, markets, growing methods and general industry knowledge.

Industry significance: This survey will provide comprehensive data on the avocado industry that will enable producers, packers, marketeers, investors, etc to have greater confidence in their various decision makings.

Key outcomes: Significant increases in annual …

Seasonal Patterns Of Photosynthesis In Douglas Fir Seedlings During The Third And Fourth Year Of Exposure To Elevated Co2 And Temperature, James D. Lewis, Melissa S. Lucash, David M. Olszyk, David T. Tingey

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

The interactive effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ and temperature on seasonal patterns of photosynthesis in Douglas fir (Psuedotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were examined. Seedlings were grown in sunlit chambers controlled to track either ambient (~400 p.p.m.) CO₂ or ambient +200 p.p.m. CO₂, and either ambient temperature or ambient +4 °C. Light-saturated net photosynthetic rates were measured approximately monthly over a 21 month period. Elevated CO₂ increased net photosynthetic rates by an average of 21% across temperature treatments during both the 1996 hydrologic year, the third year of exposure, and the 1997 hydrologic year. Elevated …

First Report Of Columbia Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Chitwoodi) In Potato In Texas, A. L. Szalanski, P. G. Mullin, T. S. Harris, T. O. Powers

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Columbia root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al. (1) was identified from potatoes, Solanum tuberosum L., collected from Dallam County, Texas in October 2000. Seed potatoes are the most likely source for this introduction. This nematode is currently found infecting potatoes grown in California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Some countries prohibit import of both seed and table stock potatoes originating in states known to harbor M. chitwoodi. Lesions on the potatoes had discrete brown coloration with white central spots in the outer 1 cm of the tuber flesh. Female nematode densities averaged 3 per square …

Crop Updates 2001 - Lupins, Mark Sweetingham, Beven J. Buirchell, Bob French, Laurie Wahlsten, Janet Wtoth, Kirsty Bayliss, Wallace Cowling, R. F. Brennan, Miles Dracup, Nick Galwey, Bob Thomsom, Moin Salam, Art Diggle, Geoff Thomas, Bill O'Neill, Debbie Thackray, Kevin Walden, M. Shankar, Dominie Wright, Nichole Burges, Hu'aan Yang, Ming Pei You, David Bowran, Abul Hashem, Nerys Wilkins, Aik Cheam, Terry Piper, Paul Blackwell, Miles Obst, Andrew Sandison, Cameron Weeks, Erin Hasson, Luigi Moreschi, Brett Glencross, Jon Clements, Miles Dracup, Ramon Hall, Stuart Johnson, Madeleine Ball, Sofia Sipsas, David Petterson

Crop Updates

This session covers twenty six papers from different authors:

INTRODUCTION,

1. Introduction, Dr Mark Sweetingham LUPIN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT, Agriculture Western Australia

VARIETIES

2. Lupin variety performance: Are you making the most of it? Bevan J. Buirchell, Agriculture Western Australia

3. Adaption of restricted-branching lupins in Western Australia, Bob French and Laurie Wahlsten, Agriculture Western Australia

4. Isolated microspore culture of lupin for production of doubled haploids, Dr Janet Wroth, Dr Kirsty Bayliss and A/Prof. Wallace Cowling, Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia

NUTRITION

5. Banding manganese fertiliser below the seed increases seed …

Crop Updates 2001 - Grower Booklet, Graeme Robertson, Jatinderpal Bathal, Cameron Weeks, Kithsiri Jayasena, Rob Loughman, Bill Bowden, Chris Gazey, Ross Brennan, Ian Foster, Q. Knight, Ross Kingwell, S. B. Sharma, S. Kelly, Glen Mcdonald, Kevin Young, Blakely Paynter, Keith Devenish, Abul Hashem, Nerys Wilkins, Terry Piper, Sally Peltzer, Clinton K. Revell, Candy Hudson, Ian Rose, Alexandra Wallace, Paul Blackwell, Miles Obst, David Bowran, Bevan J. Buirchell, Moin U. Salam, Art Diggle, Geoff J. Thomas, Mark W. Sweetingham, Bill O'Neill, Rafiul Alam, Glen Riethmuller, Greg Hamilton, Paul Carmody, G. Walton, B. Macleod, Mark Seymour, Harmohinder Dhammu, D. Nicholson, M. D'Antuono

Crop Updates

1. Strategies for leaf disease management in wheat, Jatinderpal Bhathal¹, Cameron Weeks², Kith Jayasena¹ and Robert Loughman¹, 1Agriculture Western Australia. 2Mingenew-Irwin Group Inc.

2. Burn stubble windrows: to diagnose soil fertility problems, Bill Bowden, Chris Gazey and Ross Brennan, Agriculture Western Australia

3. Rainfall – what happened in 2000 and the prospects for 2001, Ian Foster, Agriculture Western Australia

4. Strategies for leaf disease management in malting barley, K. Jayasena1, Q. Knight2 and R. Loughman1, 1Agriculture Western Australia, 2IAMA Agribusiness

5. Planning your cropping program in season 2001, Dr …

Virulence Of Puccinia Triticina On Wheat In Nebraska During 1997 And 1998, J. E. Watkins, J. Schimelfenig, P. Stephen Baenziger, Kent M. Eskridge

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Urediniospore isolates of Puccinia triticina were obtained from wheat leaf collections made in three wheat-growing regions in Nebraska in 1997 and in four regions in 1998. Using 16 Thatcher lines that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance, 17 virulence phenotypes were found among 121 single uredinial isolates in 1997, and 42 virulence phenotypes were found among 178 isolates in 1998. The most prevalent phenotype in 1997 was MDRR (virulent on Lr1, 3, 3ka, 10, 11, 18, 23, 24, and 30). In 1998, virulence phenotypes MDRR and MDRM (virulent on Lr1, 3, 3ka, 10, 11, 23, 24, and 30 …

Amaranthus Rudis And A. Tuberculatus, One Species Or Two? [Abstract], Donald B. Pratt, Lynn G. Clark

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Origin And Conservation Genetics Of Threatened Ute Ladies’-Tresses, Spiranthes Diluvialis (Orchidaceae), Allen L. Szalanski, Gerry Steinauer, Richard Bischof, Jessica Lynn Petersen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The Ute ladies’-tresses, Spiranthes diluvialis, is listed as a threatened orchid in west-central United States by the Federal government. Information on its origin and patterns of genetic variation is needed to develop effective conservation strategies for this species. DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to evaluate genetic variation and structure of 23 populations of S. diluvialis. In addition, four congeneric species were analyzed to determine possible origins of the putative allotetraploid S. diluvialis. DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA …

Bacillus Species For Reducing Fusarium Head Blight In Cereals, David A. Schisler, Naseem I. Khan, Michael J. Boehm

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Microbial antagonists that will suppress Fusarium head blight (head scab) in cereals, particularly in wheat and barley have been identified. Two superior antagonists include NRRL B-30210 and NRRL B-30211.

Selection And Evaluation Of Microorganisms For Biocontrol Of Fusarium Head Blight Of Wheat Incited By Gibberella Zeae, N. I. Khan, D. A. Schisler, Michael J. Boehm, P. J. Slininger, R. J. Bothast

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Gibberella zeae incites Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease that causes extensive yield and quality losses to wheat and barley. Of over 700 microbial strains obtained from wheat anthers, 54 were able to utilize tartaric acid as a carbon source when the compound was supplied as choline bitartrate in liquid culture. Four tartaric acid–utilizing and three nonutilizing strains reduced FHB in initial tests and were selected for further assays. Antagonists were effective against three different isolates of G. zeae when single wheat florets were inoculated with pathogen and antagonist inoculum. All seven antagonists increased 100-kernel weight when applied simultaneously …

Genetic Analysis Of Kafirins And Their Phenotypic Correlations With Feed Quality Traits, In Vitro Digestibility, And Seed Weight In Grain Sorghum, C. Hicks, S. R. Bean, G. L. Lookhart, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, K. D. Kofoid, M. R. Tuinstra

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Twenty-three entries of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), including eight inbred lines (five males and three females) and 15 hybrids, were evaluated to determine the proportion of γ, αII, and β-αI-kafirins and their association with contents of crude protein, fat, and starch; protein digestibility; in vitro dry matter disappearance; and seed weight. The male lines included three normal-seeded lines (TX2737, TX435, and P954063) and two large-seeded lines (Eastin1 and PL-1). Female lines consisted of three common U.S. seed parent lines (Wheatland, Redlan, and SA3042). The lines and their hybrids were grown under dryland conditions at two locations in …

Seed Physiology, Production & Technology: Germination, Emergence, And Yield Of 20 Plant-Color, Seed-Color Near-Isogenic Lines Of Grain Sorghum, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, J. J. Toy

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Although there is growing demand for sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] with white seed and tan plant color, there is limited information on the overall agronomic fitness of sorghum with these characters. A set of experiments was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of plant color and seed color on sorghum germination, emergence, and agronomic performance. Twenty near-isogenic lines with red seed/tan plant (RT), red seed/purple plant (RP), white seed/ tan plant (WT), white seed/purple plant (WP) phenotypes were tested under field and laboratory conditions. Plant color X seed color interactions were not significant. Purple plant color phenotypes had higher …

Farming Systems To Manage Salinity. Farmer Directed Research, Development And Extension. Research Results 2001, Richard Olive

Natural resources published reports

More and more of Western Australia's agnicultural lands are becoming saline. Currently it is estimated that about 18 milliion ha of land are affected to a greater or lesser degree by salinity causing production losses estimated at about $70 million a year.

Unless ways are found to halt and reverse the salinisation of land it is estimated that another 4.4 million ha could become saline over the next 50 years.

Grain growers and the Federal Government, through the Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC). are investing $12 4 million in R&D across Australia to develop productive solutions to the salinity …