Digital Commons Network^™

Resonance Signatures In 𝜋+𝜋− Scattering: Theoretical Analysis And Interpretation, Mayul Verma

2023 REYES Proceedings

Hadron colour confinement, a phenomenon central to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), presents a formidable challenge in theoretical physics. The non-perturbative nature of confinement necessitates innovative approaches to the production of and reaction mechanisms between these subatomic particles. In the pursuit of comprehending the fundamental constituents of matter, particle resonances assume a pivotal role. Through the utilization of advanced methodologies like 𝑆-Matrix formulations, more profound insights into resonance phenomena and their effects on the dynamics of particle interactions can be attained. This research paper embarks on a mathematical journey that holds the potential to shed light on the intricate structure of particle …

Quantum Computing For Nuclear Physics, Aikaterini Nikou

2023 REYES Proceedings

Nuclear physics can greatly advance by taking advantage of quantum computing. Quantum computing can play a pivotal role in advancing nuclear physics and can allow for the description of physical situations and problems that are prohibitive to solve using classical computing due to their complexity. Some of the problems whose complexity requires using quantum computing to describe are: interacting quantum many-body and Quantum Field Theory problems such as simulating strongly interacting fields such as Quantum Chromodynamics with physical time evolution, the determination of the shape/phase of a nucleus using the time evolution of an appropriated observable as well as identifying …

The Clinical Transferability Of Raman Micro-Spectroscopic Systems For Cervical Cytopathology, Rubina Shaikh Dr, Sarah Loughlin, Alison Malkin, John J. O'Leary, Cara M. Martin, Fiona Lyng

Conference papers

The clinical potential for Raman microscopic systems is well established for early diagnosis via cytology. Although Raman systems offer a complementary diagnostic tool providing molecular information, it is not yet utilised substantially in clinics. A few challenges for the clinical implementation of Raman spectroscopy are system and user variability. In this study, we asked how much variability occurs due to different Raman systems or users. To address these questions, we measured the same set of cells using two different Raman microscopes and by two different users. And classification models were generated using multivariate partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and …

Chemometrics And Spectroscopic Analyses Of Peganum Harmala Plant’S Seeds By Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Tahani A. Alrebdi, Amir Fayyaz, Haroon Asghar, Asif Kamal, Javed Iqbal, Naveed K. Piracha

2023 Faculty Bibliography

In the present work, the rapid identification of elements and their relative chemical com‐ position in various Peganum harmala seed samples were investigated using a calibration‐free laser‐ induced breakdown spectroscopy technique (CF‐LIBS). A pulsed Nd:YAG laser‐source with a 5 ns pulse‐duration, and 10 Hz pulse repetition rates providing 400 and 200 mJ energy at 1064 and 532 nm wavelength, respectively, was focused on the Peganum harmala seed samples for ablation. A LIBS 2000+ spectrometer within the wavelength range (200 to 720 nm), emission‐spectra were recorded. The measured spectra of the Peganum harmala sample gives spectral lines of Carbon (C), Magnesium …

35 Years Of Optics: From Optical Sciences To Optical Engineering – 3 Cycles Of Abet Accreditation, Syed Reza, Charles Joenathan, Sergio Granieri, Azad Siahmakoun, Hossein Alisafaee

Faculty Publications - Physics and Optical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Establishing The Legal Framework To Regulate Quantum Computing Technology, Kaya Derose

Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology

No abstract provided.

Modeling Self-Diffusiophoretic Janus Particles In Fluid, Kausik Das

HMC Senior Theses

We explore spherical Janus particles in which a chemical reaction occurs on one face, depleting a substrate in the suspending fluid, while no reaction occurs on the other face. The steady state concentration field is governed by Laplace’s equation with mixed boundary conditions. We use the collocation method to obtain numerical solutions to the equation in spherical coordinates. The asymmetry of the reaction gives rise to a slip velocity that causes the particle to move spontaneously in the fluid through a process known as self-diffusiophoresis. Using the Lorentz reciprocal theorem, we obtain the swimming velocity of the particle. We extend …

Advanced Thermoluminescence Spectroscopy As A Research Tool For Semiconductor And Photonic Materials: A Review And Perspective, Farida Selim

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Thermoluminescence (TL) or thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) spectroscopy is based on liberating charge carriers from traps in the bandgap by providing enough thermal energy to overcome the potential barrier of the traps. It provides a powerful tool to measure the positions of the localized states/traps in the bandgap. Despite that, its applications in semiconductors are very limited. Herein, the basics of TL spectroscopy and the recent advances in the technique with focus on cryogenic thermally stimulated photoemission spectroscopy (C-TSPS) which extends TL measurements to cryogenic regime and allows the detection of very low concentrations of shallow and deep localized states …

Proton Reconstruction With The Cms-Totem Precision Proton Spectrometer, A. Tumasyan

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The Precision Proton Spectrometer (PPS) of the CMS and TOTEM experiments collected 107.7 fb⁻¹ in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the LHC at 13 TeV (Run 2). This paper describes the key features of the PPS alignment and optics calibrations, the proton reconstruction procedure, as well as the detector efficiency and the performance of the PPS simulation. The reconstruction and simulation are validated using a sample of (semi)exclusive dilepton events. The performance of PPS has proven the feasibility of continuously operating a near-beam proton spectrometer at a high luminosity hadron collider.

35 Years Of Optics: From Optical Sciences To Optical Engineering – 3 Cycles Of Abet Accreditation, Charles Joenathan, Sergio Granieri, Azad Siahmakoun, Hossein Alisafaee, Syed Reza

Faculty Publications - Physics and Optical Engineering

No abstract provided.

35 Years Of Optics: From Optical Sciences To Optical Engineering – 3 Cycles Of Abet Accreditation, Azad Siahmakoun, Charles Joenathan, Sergio Granieri, Hossein Alisafaee, Syed Reza

Faculty Publications - Physics and Optical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Solar Cells, Lambert W And The Logwright Functions, Prabhat Lankireddy, Sibibalan Jeevanandam, Aditya Chaudhary, P. C. Deshmukh, Ken Roberts, S. R. Valluri

Physics and Astronomy Publications

Algorithms that calculate the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of a solar cell play an important role in processes that aim to improve the efficiency of a solar cell. I-V characteristics can be obtained from different models used to represent the solar cell, and the single diode model is a simple yet accurate model for common field implementations. However, the I-V characteristics are obtained by solving implicit equations, which involve repeated iterations and inherent errors associated with numerical methods used. Some methods use the Lambert W function to get an exact explicit formula, but often causes numerical overflow problems. The present work …

Modelling Of Covid-19 Using Fractional Differential Equations, Rishi Patel, P. Sainani, M. Brar, R. Patel, X. Li, J. Drozd, F. A. Chishtie, A. Benterki, T. C. Scott, S. R. Valluri

Physics and Astronomy Publications

In this work, we have described the mathematical modeling of COVID-19 transmission using fractional differential equations. The mathematical modeling of infectious disease goes back to the 1760s when the famous mathematician Daniel Bernoulli used an elementary version of compartmental modeling to find the effectiveness of deliberate smallpox inoculation on life expectancy. We have used the well-known SIR (Susceptible, Infected and Recovered) model of Kermack & McKendrick to extend the analysis further by including exposure, quarantining, insusceptibility and deaths in a SEIQRDP model. Further, we have generalized this model by using the solutions of Fractional Differential Equations to test the accuracy …

The Role Of R-Modes In Pulsar Spindown, Pulsar Timing And Gravitational Waves, Varenya Upadhyaya, Xiyuan Li, Xiyang Zhang, S. R. Valluri

Physics and Astronomy Publications

Pulsars are fast spinning neutron stars that lose their rotational energy via various processes such as gravitational and magnetic radiation, particle acceleration and mass loss processes. This dissipation can be quantified by a spin-down equation that measures the rate of change of the frequency as a function of the rotational frequency itself. We explore the pulsar spin-down and consider the spin-down equation upto the seventh order in frequency. This seventh order term accounts for energy loss due to the gravitational radiation caused by a current type quadrupole in the pulsar due to r-modes. We derive the rotational frequency due to …

Impact Of The Flexibility Of A Hydroxy Group Of Coumarins To Its Quantum Yield, Yejin Chung, Mark Muyskens

Summer Research

Coumarin is an organic, bioactive (anti-tumor, antioxidant) molecule that has a structure of a bicyclic benzene and pyrone ring. The monohydroxy-substituted coumarins only differ in the location of hydroxy group location but carry radically different photophysical properties such as wavelength of absorption, excitation, emission, and quantum yield.

The hydroxy groups in coumarins have different flexibility in rotating based on their locations. Ranked by quantum yield: 7-hydroxycoumarin (7HC) > 6HC> 5HC > 8HC. The flexibility of coumarins were studied in relation to the quantum yield.

Correlation And Balance Functions Of Identified Hadron Pairs In Au+Au Collisions At Rhic, Launa Di Carlo

Wayne State University Dissertations

Heavy-ion collisions are used to study the properties of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), a hot and dense strongly-interacting system of deconfined quarks and gluons. Such systems can be formed in collisions of 197Au nuclei at the RHIC facility. Correlation and balance functions will be used to study these collisions. The correlation functions provide information on reaction mechanisms and the balance functions indicate the conditional probability that a pair of particle species was locally produced together during the collision. The correlation and balance functions of the full 3×3 matrix of (π, K, p)x(π, K, p) species pairs versus the relative …

A Theoretical Framework For 3+1d Dynamics Of Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions, Sahr Alzhrani

Wayne State University Dissertations

The primary goal is to enhance a theoretical tool for studying 3D dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We aim to explore the effects of stochastic fluctuations within these systems as part of the Beam Energy Scan program at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. Our approach involves constructing 3D initial conditions using minimal model parameters based on Glauber collision geometry, energy, and momentum conservation principles. We validate the model by comparing its predictions on particle rapidity distributions and anisotropic flow coefficients in specific collision scenarios. Model parameters are calibrated by comparing predictions to observed data from central Au+Au collisions. Additionally, we extend …

Synthesis Of A Novel Terbium(Iii) Complex For Application In Metal Nanoparticle Surface Modification, Lauralee E. Hurst, Davon Ferrara, Justin Stace

Science University Research Symposium (SURS)

Lanthanide ions, such as terbium(III), exhibit bright luminescence when bound to organic ligands which strongly absorb light. This property has been used in creating chemical sensors or luminescent tags for microscopy. Complexes centered with terbium(III) exhibit a yellow-green luminescence upon excitation by shortwave ultraviolet light. In this work, a bifunctional ligand, 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4mba), was chosen to selectively coordinate terbium(III) to the oxygens of the acid functional group, leaving the thiol group available for another compound. Thiol groups are effectively used in surface coordination to noble metal nanoparticles (NP). In efforts to create a novel 4mba-terbium(III)-NP system, a one pot …

Jwst/Nirspec Measurements Of The Relationships Between Nebular Emission-Line Ratios And Stellar Mass At Z ∼ 3–6, Alice E. Shapley, Naveen Reddy, Ryan L. Sanders, Michael W. Topping, Gabriel B. Brammer

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We analyze the rest-optical emission-line ratios of star-forming galaxies at 2.7 ≤ z < 6.5 drawn from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) Survey and their relationships with stellar mass (M _*). Our analysis includes both line ratios based on the [N ii] λ6583 feature ([N ii] λ6583/Hα, ([O iii] λ5007/Hβ)/([N ii] λ6583/Hα) (O3N2), and [N ii] λ6583/[O ii] λ3727) and those featuring α-elements ([O iii] λ5007/Hβ, [O iii] λ5007/[O ii] λ3727 (O₃₂), ([O iii] λλ4959, 5007 + [O ii] λ3727)/Hβ (R₂₃), and [Ne iii] λ3869/[O ii] λ3727). Given the typical flux levels of [N ii] λ6583 and [Ne iii] λ3869, which are undetected in the majority of individual CEERS galaxies at 2.7 …

Entropy-Driven Structural Transition From Tetragonal To Cubic Phase: High Thermoelectric Performance Of Cucdinse3 Compound, Tingting Luo, Yihao Hu, Shi Liu, Fanjie Xia, Junhao Qiu, Haoyang Peng, Keke Liu, Quansheng Guo, Xingzhong Li, Dongwang Yang, Xianli Su, Jinsong Wu, Xinfeng Tang

Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience: Faculty Publications

Cu based chalcopyrite is an important class of thermoelectric materials with excellent electronic properties, however, the thermal conductivity is relatively high due to the simple tetragonal structure with highly ordered configuration on cation sites, limiting the thermoelectric performance. Herein, we realize that the modulation of entropy via alloying CdSe achieves the structural transition from tetragonal structure with ordered configuration on cations sites in CuInSe₂ compound to cubic CuCdInSe₃. CuCdInSe₃ crystallizes in a zinc blende (ZnS) structure where Cu, Cd and In cations randomly occupy the Zn site with the occupancy fraction 1/3. This entropy driven order-disorder …

Observation Of Gapless Nodal-Lines In A Rare-Earth-Based Compound, Robert Smith

Honors Undergraduate Theses

This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of quantum materials by employing a combination of experimental techniques, such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and magnetic and transport measurements. Further collaborative support in the form of first-principles calculations is included and discussed in tandem. In this thesis, a lanthanide-based semimetal of the ZrSiS type, is investigated. Multiple nodal lines which remain gapless are observed along the X-R direction of the Brillouin zone. We also present a nodal line that is observed further below the Fermi level and aligned in the G-M direction; this nodal line appears to be sensitive to light …

Long-Range And Chaotic Active Mixing Of Swimming Microbes In A Vortex Chain Flow, Nghia Le

Honors Theses

We present experiments studying the motion and active mixing of swimming mi- crobes in laminar, vortex-dominated fluid flows. We are testing a theory that predicts the existence of swimming invariant manifolds (SwIMs) - invisible, one-way barriers blocking the paths of self-propelled tracers in the flow in one direction. We also pro- pose that the SwIMs together can form chute structures in three-dimensional phase space that facilitate cross-vortex transport of the microbes. We also observe evidence of how these structures promote long-range transport at different non-dimensional velocities (microbe’s velocity relative to flow velocity). Long-range transport is quan- tified by measuring the …

Higher-Order Cumulants And Correlation Functions Of Proton Multiplicity Distributions In √Snn = 3 Gev Au+Au Collisions At The Rhic Star Experiment, The Star Collaboration

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We report a measurement of cumulants and correlation functions of event-by-event proton multiplicity distributions from fixed-target Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 3 GeV measured by the STAR experiment. Protons are identified within the rapidity (y) and transverse momentum (pT ) region −0.9 < y < 0 and 0.4 < pT < 2.0 GeV/c in the center-of-mass frame. A systematic analysis of the proton cumulants and correlation functions up to sixth order as well as the corresponding ratios as a function of the collision centrality, pT , and y are presented. The effect of pileup and initial volume fluctuations on these observables and the respective corrections are discussed in detail. The results are compared to calculations from the hadronic transport UrQMD model as well as a hydrodynamic model. In the most central 5% collisions, the value of proton cumulant ratio C4/C2 is negative, drastically different from the values observed in Au+Au collisions at higher energies. Compared to model calculations including lattice QCD, a hadronic transport model, and a hydrodynamic model, the strong suppression in the ratio of C4/C2 at 3 GeV Au+Au collisions indicates an energy regime dominated by hadronic interactions.

Gamma Attenuation And Mechanical Characteristics Of A Lead/Nbr/Sbr Rubber Composite With Black Nanocarbon Reinforcement, Elsayed Salama, Romisaa Gamal, Hassan Elshimy, Doaa E. El-Nashar, Assem Bakry, Mohamed Ehab

Basic Science Engineering

In this work, black nanocarbon-loaded 0–100 parts-per-hundred (phr) PbO-filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) blend composites were prepared by using an ordinary standard rubber mixer. Both mechanical and gamma attenuation properties of the prepared samples were investigated. Maximum tensile strength and elongation at break were obtained at 40 phr PbO concentration. The obtained values for the mass attenuation coefficient with the increased PbO concentration from 0–100 phr ranged from 0.12–0.22 cm2/g at 0.239 MeV. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the elemental mapping analysis results showed high homogeneity at 40 phr of the prepared rubber composites, with some areas of …

Probing The Structure-Activity Relationships Of Electrocatalytic Nanomaterials Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy, Zackary Parsons

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Electrocatalysis plays a central role in the development of renewable energy technologies as it enables direct conversion between renewable electricity and chemical energy. To design efficient electrocatalysts, it is essential to understand the relationship between the structure and the activity of electrocatalytic materials. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a scanning probe technique capable of imaging local electrocatalytic activity under operating conditions, of which the spatial resolution depends on the size and shape of the probe. Compared to commercial SECM probes which have limited resolution capabilities, I have developed novel nanoelectrode probes by etching sharp platinum tips followed by electropolymerization coating …

Low Energy Photon Detection, Tianyi Guo

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

Detecting long wave infrared (LWIR) light at room temperature has posed a persistent challenge due to the low energy of photons. The pursuit of an affordable, high-performance LWIR camera capable of room temperature detection has spanned several decades. In the realm of contemporary LWIR detectors, they can be broadly classified into two categories: cooled and uncooled detectors. Cooled detectors, such as MCT detectors, excel in terms of high detectivity and fast response times. However, their reliance on cryogenic cooling significantly escalates their cost and restricts their practical applications. In contrast, uncooled detectors, exemplified by microbolometers, are capable of functioning at …

Dna Capture And Translocation Through Nanopore, Swarnadeep Seth

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

This thesis investigates DNA dynamics and translocation through nanopores using Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations, offering insights into sequencing technologies, DNA marker detection, and accurate barcoding utilizing solid-state nanopore platforms. First, we in silico study the intricate process of capture and translocation in a single nanopore. Our simulation reveals a high probability of hairpin loop formation during the capture process. However, attaching a charged tag to one end of DNA improves multi-scan rates and enhances unidirectional translocations. We use modulating voltage biases to multi-scan a lambda-phage dsDNA with oligonucleotide flap markers (tags) through a single and double nanopore system. Our study …

Multi-Kilowatt Fiber Laser Amplifiers And Hollow-Core Delivery Fibers, Matthew Cooper

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

High-power fiber lasers have emerged as a cornerstone in the realm of laser technology. Characterized by their exceptional efficiency, ruggedness, and versatility, fiber lasers are experiencing widespread use in manufacturing, medical, defense, science, and in long range sensing. Unfortunately, high-power applications require strict spatial and spectral performance characteristics to be maintained, which has yet to be perfected.

This dissertation discusses the power scaling of ytterbium-doped fiber laser amplifiers, presenting three significant advancements. First, a novel photonic lantern-based method is introduced for real-time monitoring of laser beam modal content and beam quality. Initial tests highlight the photonic lantern's efficiency in predicting …

Optical Characterization Of Liquids: Refractive Index And Raman Gain Coefficient Measurements, Cesar A. Lopez-Zelaya

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

Novel technologies capable of generating wavelengths not accessible with typical laser gain media have been among the primary drivers of the field of nonlinear optics. Here, we are interested in the linear and nonlinear properties of liquids beyond the visible spectrum, motivated in part by their use as core materials in optical fibers. Given their dispersion, nonlinearities, transparency, and ability to be mixed, liquids show potential for exploiting in-fiber nonlinear phenomena for developing the new generation of low cost, size, weight, and power wavelength-agile fiber-laser sources. For the design, modeling, and experimental realization of these liquid-core fiber laser sources, proper …

Development Of Holographic Optical Elements For Use In Wound Monitoring, Pamela Stoeva, Tatsiana Mikulchyk, Brian Rogers, M. Oubaha, Suzanne Martin, Dervil Cody, M.A. Ferrara, G. Coppola, Izabela Naydenova

Conference Papers

Wounds that fail to heal impact the quality of life of 2.5 % of the total population. The costs of chronic wound care will reach $15–22 billion by 2024. These alarming statistics reveal the financial strain for both the medical industry and society. A solution can be found in compact and accessible sensors that offer real-time analysis of the wound site, facilitating continuous monitoring and immediate treatment, if required. Benefits of these sensors include reduction of cost and can extend the reach of healthcare to remote areas. The progression of a wound site can be closely monitored with holographic optical …