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On The Kirkwood Superposition Approximation, Russell V. Cochran Jr.

Doctoral Dissertations

"When the Kirkwood superposition approximation for the triplet distribution function is used in the Born-Green equation for the pair distribution function of a liquid, the fourth virial coefficient is given incorrectly. In view of this, two suggestions for improving the approximation have been investigated. A suggestion, due to G.H.A. Cole, that better results could be obtained by using a second-order integro-differential equation of the Born-Green type with the superposition approximation used for both the triplet and quadruplet distribution functions has been investigated, and results for a hard-sphere model show that this method gives considerably less reliable results than those obtained …

Alpha-Decay Properties Of Some Erbium Isotopes Near The 82-Neutron Closed Shell, Ronald D. Macfarlane, Roger D. Griffioen

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

New alpha-emitting isotopes of erbium, lying near the 82-neutron closed shell, were produced by Nd142+O16 bombardments at incident energies up to 151 MeV. The nuclides studied and their alpha-decay properties are Nuclide Qα(MeV) Half-life Alpha branching ratio Er152 4.93±0.02 10.7±0.5 sec 0.90-0.20+0.05 Er153 4.80±0.02 36 ±2 sec 0.95-0.20+0.05 Er154 4.26±0.02 4.5±1.0 min... Alpha decay from erbium isotopes with Aobserved, indicating that the alpha-particle binding energies of these isotopes are considerably higher than those for the 84-, 85-, and 86-neutron isotopes. Alpha reduced widths, calculated from the results for Er152 and Er153, were found to be higher than the corresponding dysprosium, …

Development Of A Two Channel Counter For Measurement Of Faraday Rotations, Donald R. Flach

Masters Theses

Chapter I

Introduction

The rotation of the plane of polarization of plane polarized light when it passes through a substance in a direction parallel to an applied magnetic field is known as the Faraday effect and was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1845.¹ It was found by experimentation that the amount of rotation of the plane of polarization was represented by the equation:

Θ = VH1 cos A

where H = magnetic field in gauss, 1 = simple path length in centimeters, A is the angle between the magnetic field and the direction of the light, and V is …

Theory Of The Effect Of Temperature On The Electron Diffraction Patterns Of Diatomic Molecules, Russell A. Bonham, Jerry Peacher

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The effect of temperature on the electron diffraction pattern of a diatomic molecule is considered from the standpoint of the simple kinematic scattering theory utilizing a quartic vibrational potential. The potential is obtained by an expansion of ħ²J( J+1)/2μr²+D exp[-2a(r-r_e)]-2D exp[-a(r-r_e)] about its minimum value r₀. The second-order wavefunction for the nth vibrational and 7th rotational state of the system has been obtained, and expressions for the electron diffraction quantities r_g, l_e ², and M (s) have been computed. General results for the quantity M (s) …

Lattice Dynamics And Specific-Heat Data For Rocksalt-Structure Alkali Halides, Arnold Karo, John R. Hardy

John R. Hardy Papers

Vibrational distribution functions are derived for a number of rocksalt-structure alkali halides using a more refined treatment of the interionic forces than that provided by regarding them as rigid point charges. The dipole moment at any given ion site is calculated taking into account the contribution from the deformation of the electron distribution resulting from both polarization and overlap repulsion between nearest neighbors. In this way the dipole-dipole part of the Coulomb interaction is treated self-consistently.

Both room temperature and 0°K input parameters are used, and the derived specific-heat data are compared with experimental results. The over-all agreement with experiment …

Energy And Angular Distribution Of Electrons Ejected From Hydrogen And Helium Gas By Protons, M. Eugene Rudd, Theodore Jorgensen Jr.

M. Eugene Rudd Publications

Differential cross sections for ejection of secondary electrons of various energies at various angles were measured for hydrogen gas bombarded by 100-keV protons and for helium gas bombarded by 50-, 100-, and 150-keV protons. The range of angles investigated was 10° to 160° and the range of electron energies was 1 to 500 eV. A unique fixed-port, double-walled scattering chamber was used. Electrons were counted by an electron multiplier after passing through a 127° electrostatic analyzer. The efficiency of the detector was determined by replacing the analyzer and multiplier by a Faraday cup and making absolute measurements of cross sections …

Self-Diffusion Of Ions In Gels, Thomas Caldwell Smith

Master's Theses

Radioisotope tracer techniques were used to determine the self-diffusion coefficients of the ions of sodium, potassium, cesium, chloride, bromide, and iodide in 3% agar gel, and the self-diffusion coefficient of the sodium ion in gelatin-agar gels at differing pH values of the gel.

The coefficients in agar gels were found to be in agreement with the Nernst equation for the diffusion coefficients of ions in aqueous solution. 'l'he diffusion coefficients in gelatin-agar gels were found to be higher in the presence of non-active NaCl than in its absence. The value of the coefficient was lower at the isoelectric point of …

The Measurement Of The Life-Time Of The 62P3/2 State Of Thallium, Danny Hale Sokolowski

Masters Theses

The measurement of the lifetime of the metastable 6²P_3/2 state of thallium is discussed. Time-sampling equipment techniques and instantaneous methods of display on an oscilloscope for measuring the lifetime are explained. The lifetime is measured as a function of mercury vapor pressure. The decay of the 5350 A thallium line is also measured to give an indication of the effect of the imprisonment of the 3776 A resonance line. This decay of the 5350 A line is also in a mercury atmosphere"--Abstract, page ii.

5th Annual Rocky Mountain Spectroscopy Conference Abstracts Of Papers

Rocky Mountain Conference on Magnetic Resonance

Abstracts of papers presented at the 5th annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Spectroscopy Conference, sponsored by the Rocky Mountain Section of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. Held in Denver, Colorado, August 6-7, 1962.

Relations Between Transpiration, Leaf Temperatures, And Some Environmental Factors, Ronald Kay Tew

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Transpiration is the loss of water in vapor form from a plant. This is essentially the same process as evaporation except that it is modified by plant structure. Large quantities of water are removed from the soil, transferred through the conducting tissues of the plant, and dissipated into the air each day. As soon as the water is lost to the atmosphere, it becomes unavailable for human use.

A Telemetering Inclinometer, Robert G. Geil

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

In present day experiments in Atmospheric Physics, information from the experiment is sometimes telemetered to observers located at positions remote from the apparatus. To obtain data from the stratosphere an instrument package may be sent aloft suspended from balloons. It is often desirable to know the azimuthal orientation of the instrument package.

To achieve this purpose a rotating ring magnetometer has been developed at the University of New Mexico to measure azimuthal orientation using the earth's magnetic field for a reference. This is sufficient for many purposes. However, due to the wind currents the package suspended beneath the balloon may …

Using A Density Gradient Column To Determine Wheat Density, Wendell R. Peters, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

A wheat kernel placed in a density gradient column will sink until it reaches the level where its average density is equal to that of the liquid at that level. Knowing the density of the liquid as a function of height, one can measure accurately the density of the kernel to three decimal places in about 1 to 2 minutes per kernel. Kernel density ranged from a maximum of 1.416 at 7.5% moisture to a minimum of 1.255 g./cm.³ at 18.5% moisture, for the samples tested. Kernels of a homogeneously selected sample of hard spring wheat (Lee) varied in …

Variation Of Sensitized Fluorescence With Penetration Depth Of Incident 2537a Radiation, George Grayson Robinson

Masters Theses

"An investigation of the sensitized fluorescence of a thallium and mercury mixture using a variable depth cell and photomultiplier type of detection is discussed. Data are given to indicate the variation of the intensity of the 3519A thallium line as a function of thallium temperature, as a function of mercury temperature, and as a function of cell depth. Explanations of results require the use of generally accepted ideas concerning energy transfer, emission, and absorption."

Effects Of Surface Roughness On The Intensity Distribution Of Light Reflected From Aluminum Surfaces, Harvey N. Wingfield

Master's Theses

Only over the past few years have investigations of the intensity distribution of the light reflected from materials been attempted. Most of these investigations have been done by personnel at the National Bureau of Standards on matt surfaces, and acid etched black glass. It should be noted that separate investigations in the two fields, the methods of analysis of a surface's topography and the intensity distribution of reflected light from different materials have been and still are being performed. However, most correlations which exist between a surface's topography and its optical effects such as reflectance, intensity, absorption, and transmission are …

The Magnetic Pole In The Formulation Of Electricity And Magnetism, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

The use of the magnetic pole in the development of the concepts of electricity and magnetism leads unambiguously to a relativistic formulation of the field vectors which is well within the grasp of the sophomore student. The development is wholly consistent with Maxwell's equations and leads to clear and understandable definitions of the field vectors both in vacuum and in the material medium, as well as to the relations defining the transformations of the field vectors.

A Matrix Formulation Of The Least-Squares Method And Its Application To Nuclear Decay Schemes, Otto Harry Otteson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Many people call physics an ''exact science". This may be true depending on our definition of exact. Most dictionaries include as a definition of exact the words "strictly accurate". The average man thinks of an "exact science" as one which yields "strictly accurate'' results. Physics then is exact only to a degree.

Neutron Flux Mapping Of The Msm Reactor, Cary Chow-Yuen Chen

Masters Theses

"This investigation presents a mean to determine thermal neutron flux of a reactor by irradiating copper wires inside the fuel elements. The activity recorded after decay correction, is the relative thermal neutron density. Thermal neutron flux is a measure of the neutron density at thermal energy, 0.025 ev.

Gold foils irradiated at National Bureau of Standards were used as the absolute neutron flux calibration standards. The average flux of the reactor with water as the reflector ranges from 7.24 x 10¹⁰ neutrons/cm² - sec. to 7.87 x 10¹⁰ neutrons/cm² - sec. as obtained from the calculations. …

Transverse Mass And Gravitational Mass, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

A problem suggested by Professor Gamow deals with the relationship between the transverse mass and the gravitational mass: A steamroller of mass m moves horizontally, in the +x direction, with velocity v, in a region of space in which there is a gravitational field intensity g vertically downward. Find the weight of the moving steamroller.

Investigation Of The Platinum-Rich Portion Of The Platinum-Tantalum Phase Diagram, Bob Dean Browning

Theses and Dissertations

The Pt-Ta binary system was investigated at two isotherms;1000°C and 1500°C, and at eleven alloy compositions in the range of 50 to 100 atomic percent platinum. The alloys were examined by x-ray diffraction and metallography. Three intermetallic compounds, Pt₂Ta, Pt₃Ta, and Pt₄Ta were found to exist in this composition range. The Pt₄Ta intermetallic appeared only at the 1500°C isotherm. Platinum dissolved tantalum substitutionally to 90 atomic percent at 1500 °C and to approximately 80 atomic percent at 1000 °C.

Angular Distribution Of Electrons In Extensive Air Showers, Don D. Laniewski

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

Electrons are the main products of an extensive air shower and comprise approximately 90% of the shower. Since these electrons are the most numerous particles near the axis of a large shower and are not easily detected, extensive air showers are most easily studied by means of the electronic component. Thus, whatever concern there may be about the nucleonic cascade of which the electron is an outgrowth, it is necessary first to understand the development of the electronic component and is lateral and angular distribution. Also, for the correct analysis of any experimental data, it is of particular importance to …

Normal Incidence - Grazing Incidence Spectrograph For The Vacuum Ultraviolet, J. Kirston Henderson

Masters Theses

"Presentation of Design.

This thesis presents the design for a combination normal incidence - grazing incidence spectrograph for use in the vacuum ultra-violet and soft x-ray portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The instrument described was designed and constructed as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the master of science degree from The Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy.

Design Details.

Included in this thesis is a complete set of all detailed drawings and information required for either effective use or duplication of this instrument. Complete discussions of the design, operating procedures, difficulties encountered during construction and suggestions for future …

A Theoretical Investigation Of Periodic Precipitation, Jack M. Scrivner

Masters Theses

"The problem of periodic precipitation in solution or gel is considered from the standpoint of supplementing the simple diffusion equation with chemical reaction rate terms. This addition has the effect of making the differential equations of the process non-linear.

The system of equations admits of a periodic, steady-state solution under certain conditions, but lack of experimental values for the parameters prohibits a definite statement as to whether or not the model is valid"--Abstract, page ii.

Measurements Of The Intensity Of Mu-Mesons In Cosmic Rays During A Period Of Unusual Solar Activity, Ronald A. Korsak

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

Because of the incomplete understanding of the processes which cosmic rays undergo in the atmosphere, there is still no generally accepted treatment of the atmospheric dependent variations of the intensity or preferred method of establishing correct coefficients.

The Fundamental Atomic Particles, Ransom Bloomer Beers

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Measurement Of The Ratio Of Specific Heats For Air By The Adiabatic Expansion Method, Albert H. Reinhardt

Bachelors’ Theses

This undergraduate thesis is based on an experiment which is currently being carried out by Mr. Frank Karioris, Assistant Professor of Physics at Marquette University. The object of the experiment is to get a reliable value for the ratio of specific heats of air by the method of Clement and Desormes. I have assisted Mr. Karioris in the construction and testing of the apparatus. I have also taken data and made the necessary calculations. The design of the apparatus and the modifications of the theory have been worked out by Mr. Karioris.

2. The Theory Of Special Relativity, Robert L. Bloom, Basil L. Crapster, Harold L. Dunkelberger, Charles H. Glatfelter, Richard T. Mara, Norman E. Richardson, W. Richard Schubart

Section XX: Meaning in the Physical Sciences

Albert Einstein (1879-1955) published his first work on relativity in 1905, the same year in which he published remarkable papers on Brownian motion and the photoelectric effect. At the time he did this work, he was a patent examiner in the Swiss Patent Office. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921 "for his services to the theory of physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect." He became a professor of physics at several German universities, and in 1916, he took a position at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin.

As the …

Physics, Chapter 13: Properties Of Matter, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

When a system is subjected to external forces, it generally undergoes a change in size or shape or both. We have thus far touched very lightly on such changes; for example, we have considered the change in length of an elastic spring and the change in volume of a gas when such systems were subjected to varying pressures. The changes produced in a system by the action of external forces depend upon the physical properties of the material of which the system is composed. A study of the properties of matter leads to information which is of practical value to …

Physics, Chapter 29: The Magnetic Field, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

Natural magnets, called lodestones, have been known since ancient times. The lodestone, a magnetic oxide of iron called magnetite (Fe₃O₄), was mentioned by Thales of Miletus. By the eleventh century the magnetic compass was known to the Chinese, and in the twelfth century references to the compass were made in Western Europe. The lodestone is capable of attracting pieces of iron and of imparting permanent magnetism to other pieces of iron so that these too could attract iron filings. If an iron bar is magnetized, as the result of being near a piece of lodestone, and …

Physics, Chapter 21: Vibrations And Sound, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

There are two aspects of sound: one is the physical aspect which involves the physics of the production, propagation, reception, and detection of sound; the other, which is the sensation of sound as perceived by the individual, depends upon physiological and psychological effects. It is not desirable to separate the two aspects of sound completely, but the main emphasis in this book must necessarily be on the physical aspect. In this chapter we shall consider mostly musical sounds. A vocabulary has been developed to describe the sensation experienced when a musical sound is heard. Such terms as the pitch of …

Physics, Chapter 32: Electromagnetic Induction, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

When a wire moves through a uniform magnetic field of induction B, in a direction at right angles to the field and to the wire itself, the electric charges within the conductor experience forces due to their motion through this magnetic field. The positive charges are held in place in the conductor by the action of interatomic forces, but the free electrons, usually one or two per atom, are caused to drift to one side of the conductor, thus setting up an electric field E within the conductor which opposes the further drift of electrons. The magnitude of this …