Digital Commons Network^™

Framework For Modeling Attacker Capabilities With Deception, Sharif Hassan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this research we built a custom experimental range using opensource emulated and custom pure honeypots designed to detect or capture attacker activity. The focus is to test the effectiveness of a deception in its ability to evade detection coupled with attacker skill levels. The range consists of three zones accessible via virtual private networking. The first zone houses varying configurations of opensource emulated honeypots, custom built pure honeypots, and real SSH servers. The second zone acts as a point of presence for attackers. The third zone is for administration and monitoring. Using the range, both a control and participant-based …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Dielectric And Multiferroic Nanocrystalline Transition Metal Oxide Materials And Nanocomposites, Frederick A. Pearsall

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Nanocrystalline transition metal oxides with unique chemical, physical, magnetic and dielectric properties have very broad applications, ranging from photocatalysis, capacitor energy storage and 4-state memory. Frequency stable, high permittivity nanocomposite capacitors produced under mild processing conditions offer an attractive replacement to MLCCs derived from conventional ceramic firing. In one project reported herein, 0-3 nanocomposites were prepared using BaTiO₃ (barium titanate, BTO) nanocrystals, suspended in a poly(furfuryl alcohol) matrix, resulting in a stable, high effective permittivity, low and stable loss dielectric. Effective medium approximations were used to compare this with similar nanocomposite systems. The use of synthesized BTO nanocrystal photocatalysts …

Transparency And Communication Patterns In Human-Robot Teaming, Shan Lakhmani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In anticipation of the complex, dynamic battlefields of the future, military operations are increasingly demanding robots with increased autonomous capabilities to support soldiers. Effective communication is necessary to establish a common ground on which human-robot teamwork can be established across the continuum of military operations. However, the types and format of communication for mixed-initiative collaboration is still not fully understood. This study explores two approaches to communication in human-robot interaction, transparency and communication pattern, and examines how manipulating these elements with a robot teammate affects its human counterpart in a collaborative exercise. Participants were coupled with a computer-simulated robot to …

Mathematical Models: The Lanchester Equations And The Zombie Apocalypse, Hailey Bauer

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

This research study used mathematical models to analyze and depicted specific battle situations and the outcomes of the zombie apocalypse. The original models that predicted warfare were the Lanchester models, while the zombie apocalypse models were fictional expansions upon mathematical models used to examine infectious diseases. In this paper, I analyzed and compared different mathematical models by examining each model’s set of assumptions and the impact of the change in variables on the population classes. The purpose of this study was to understand the basics of the discrete dynamical systems and to determine the similarities between imaginary and realistic models. …

Mathematical Modeling: Lanchester Equations And The Zombie Apocalypse, Hailey Bauer

Student Scholar Showcase

Mathematical models are systems using mathematical concepts to explain various problems. Mathematical models examine realistic issues such as the different outcomes of wars and fictional problems such as the upcoming zombie apocalypse. The original predictor models of warfare were the Lanchester models, while the zombie apocalypse is a fictional expansion upon mathematical models for infectious diseases. In this paper, we examined and compared the basic versions of these dynamic models by analyzing each model’s set of variables, assumptions, and objectives. The basic versions of the Lanchester equations are the area aimed model and the aimed fire model. While the zombie …

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 60 Number 2, Spring 2019 [Print Issue V. 60:1], Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

28 - TECHNOLOGY, WONDER & US We’re at the epicenter of the biggest ecosystem of information exchange in history. How do we ensure tech fosters human flourishing? By Dorian Llywelyn, S.J. Illustrations by Derek Brahney.

36 - QUERY RESULTS What questions should we be asking about ethics and AI? Here are six. By Irina Raicu J.D. ’09. Illustrations by Paul Blow.

40 - A CURIOUS CASE If you want to innovate for the world, you need the room to do it. Sanjiv Das and a tale of machine learning, mortgages, and mistaken identity. By Deborah Lohse. Illustrations by Ellen Weinstein. …

The Messy Nuclear Landscape: Using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping To Explore Plausible Nuclear Disarmament Scenarios, Ryan M. Nixon

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

Nuclear weapons are seemingly permanent fixtures in international relations. Although nuclear abolitionists and actors within the Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have taken significant steps towards designing a world without nuclear weapons, the longstanding realist logic that suggests nuclear disarmament is nonviable has born more fruit. On the other hand, some proponents of realism have suggested global nuclear disarmament is feasible, given that certain international instabilities are stabilized and that special care is taken during diplomatic negotiations. This presents an opportunity to test these predictions using fuzzy cognitive mapping, a computational modeling technique that identifies …

Cybersecurity In The Maritime Domain, Gary C. Kessler

Publications

In 2017 and 2018, the maritime industry saw a record number of attempted—and many successful—frauds via email, phishing, or other means. Demonstrated and actual attacks on vessel networks, communication systems, and navigation systems have become practically routine. Port and shipping line networks are increasingly vulnerable to what appears to be increasingly targeted attacks against maritime systems.

Resilience For Asynchronous Iterative Methods For Sparse Linear Systems, Evan Coleman

Computational Modeling & Simulation Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Large scale simulations are used in a variety of application areas in science and engineering to help forward the progress of innovation. Many spend the vast majority of their computational time attempting to solve large systems of linear equations; typically arising from discretizations of partial differential equations that are used to mathematically model various phenomena. The algorithms used to solve these problems are typically iterative in nature, and making efficient use of computational time on High Performance Computing (HPC) clusters involves constantly improving these iterative algorithms. Future HPC platforms are expected to encounter three main problem areas: scalability of code, …

The Water Entry Of A Sphere In A Jet, Nathan B. Spiers, Jesse Belden, Zhao Pan, Sean Holekamp, George Badlissi, Matthew Jones, Tadd T. Truscott

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

The forces on an object impacting the water are extreme in the early moments of water entry and can cause structural damage to biological and man-made bodies alike. These early-time forces arise primarily from added mass, peaking when the submergence is much less than one body length. We experimentally investigate a means of reducing impact forces on a rigid sphere by placing the sphere inside a jet of water so that the jet strikes the quiescent water surface prior to entry of the sphere into the pool. The water jet accelerates the pool liquid and forms a cavity into which …

Two-On-One Pursuit With A Non-Zero Capture Radius, Patrick J. Wasz

Theses and Dissertations

In this paper, we revisit the "Two Cutters and Fugitive Ship" differential game that was addressed by Isaacs, but move away from point capture. We consider a two-on-one pursuit-evasion differential game with simple motion and pursuers endowed with circular capture sets of radius l > 0. The regions in the state space where only one pursuer effects the capture and the region in the state space where both pursuers cooperatively and isochronously capture the evader are characterized, thus solving the Game of Kind. Concerning the Game of Degree, the algorithm for the synthesis of the optimal state feedback strategies of the …

The Effect Of Modeling Simultaneous Events On Simulation Results, John M. Carboni

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores the method that governs the prioritizing process for simultaneous events in relation to simulation results for discrete-event simulations. Specifically, it contrasts typical discrete-event simulation (DES) execution algorithms with how events are selected and ordered by the discrete-event system specification (DEVS) formalism. The motivation for this research stems from a desire to understand how the selection of events affects simulation output (i.e., response). As a particular use case, we briefly investigate the processing of simultaneous events by the Advanced Framework for Simulation, Integration and Modeling (AFSIM), a military discrete-event combat modeling and simulation package. To facilitate the building …

Modeling High-Altitude Nuclear Detonations Using Existing Ionospheric Models, Sophia G. Schwalbe

Theses and Dissertations

One threat to the United States is a nuclear weapon being detonated at high altitude over the country. The resulting electromagnetic pulse (EMP) could devastate the nation. Despite its destructive nature, the response of the ionosphere to such an event is poorly understood. This study assesses if existing ionospheric models, which are used to nowcast and forecast ionospheric changes, can be used to model the response to a high-altitude nuclear detonation (HAND). After comparing five ionosphere models, the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) was selected and modified to incorporate an array of F10.7 indices to serve as a proxy for …

Cyber-Attack Drone Payload Development And Geolocation Via Directional Antennae, Clint M. Bramlette

Theses and Dissertations

The increasing capabilities of commercial drones have led to blossoming drone usage in private sector industries ranging from agriculture to mining to cinema. Commercial drones have made amazing improvements in flight time, flight distance, and payload weight. These same features also offer a unique and unprecedented commodity for wireless hackers -- the ability to gain ‘physical’ proximity to a target without personally having to be anywhere near it. This capability is called Remote Physical Proximity (RPP). By their nature, wireless devices are largely susceptible to sniffing and injection attacks, but only if the attacker can interact with the device via …

Imitating Human Responses Via A Dual-Process Model Approach, Matthew A. Grimm

Theses and Dissertations

Human-autonomous system teaming is becoming more prevalent in the Air Force and in society. Often, the concept of a shared mental model is discussed as a means to enhance collaborative work arrangements between a human and an autonomous system. The idea being that when the models are aligned, the team is more productive due to an increase in trust, predictability, and apparent understanding. This research presents the Dual-Process Model using multivariate normal probability density functions (DPM-MN), which is a cognitive architecture algorithm based on the psychological dual-process theory. The dual-process theory proposes a bipartite decision-making process in people. It labels …

Self Organized Multi Agent Swarms (Somas) For Network Security Control, Eric M. Holloway

Theses and Dissertations

Computer network security is a very serious concern in many commercial, industrial, and military environments. This paper proposes a new computer network security approach defined by self-organized agent swarms (SOMAS) which provides a novel computer network security management framework based upon desired overall system behaviors. The SOMAS structure evolves based upon the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) formal model and the more complex Interactive-POMDP and Decentralized-POMDP models, which are augmented with a new F(*-POMDP) model. Example swarm specific and network based behaviors are formalized and simulated. This paper illustrates through various statistical testing techniques, the significance of this proposed …

A New Way To Detect Cyberattacks Extracting Changes In Register Values From Radio-Frequency Side Channels, Ronald A. Riley, James T. Graham, Ryan M. Fuller, Rusty O. Baldwin, Ashwin Fisher

Computer Science Faculty Publications

The Internet of Things (IoT) and the Internet of Everything (IoE) have driven processors into nearly every powered de- vice, from thermostats to refrigerators to light bulbs. From a security perspective, the IoT and IoE create a new layer of sig- nals and systems that can provide insight into the internal opera- tions of a device via analog side channels. Our research focuses on leveraging these analog side channels in IoT/IoE processors to detect intrusions. Our goal is to defend against cyberattacks that insert malware into IoT devices by detecting deviations in the code running on their processors from known …

International Nuclear Cyber Security Threat Landscape, Shannon Eggers, Charles Nickerson

Purdue Workshop on Nonproliferation: Technology and Approaches

The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Nuclear Cyber Team (NCT) is a recognized leader in international nuclear cyber program assessments as well as nuclear cyber training development and delivery. This paper discusses how the NCT is implementing their vision to protect global nuclear infrastructure from cyber threats. Also outlined is the team’s perspectives on the global nuclear cyber threat landscape and the top ten approachable cyber security measures that can be applied to immediately improve a country’s nuclear cyber security posture.

Chip-Off Success Rate Analysis Comparing Temperature And Chip Type, Choli Ence, Joan Runs Through, Gary D. Cantrell

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

Throughout the digital forensic community, chip-off analysis provides examiners with a technique to obtain a physical acquisition from locked or damaged digital device. Thermal based chip-analysis relies upon the application of heat to remove the flash memory chip from the circuit board. Occasionally, a flash memory chip fails to successfully read despite following similar protocols as other flash memory chips. Previous research found the application of high temperatures increased the number of bit errors present in the flash memory chip. The purpose of this study is to analyze data collected from chip-off analyses to determine if a statistical difference exists …

Water Entry Of Spheres At Various Contact Angles, Nathan B. Spiers, Mohammad M. Mansoor, Jesse Belden, Tadd T. Truscott

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

It is well known that the water entry of a sphere causes cavity formation above a critical impact velocity as a function of the solid-liquid contact angle (Duez et al. 2007). Using a rough sphere with a contact angle of 120^◦, Aristoff & Bush (2009) showed that there are four different cavity shapes dependent on the Bond and Weber numbers (i.e., quasi-static, shallow, deep and surface). We experimentally alter the Bond number, Weber number and contact angle of smooth spheres and find two key additions to the literature: 1) Cavity shape also depends on the contact angle; 2) …

Parameter Estimation Of Lfmcw Signals Based On Improved Sm Method, Jiang Li, Junni Zhou, Runling Yang, Liu Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The parameter estimation of linear frequency modulation continuous wave (LFMCW) signal is a research hotspot in electronic reconnaissance systems. In this paper, the time frequency distribution feature of LFMCW signals is studied first. Based on the improved S-method (SM), an algorithm for parameter estimation of LFMCW signals is proposed. It uses short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to calculate the SM with adaptive window width, which can suppress the crossterm interferences and improve the time-frequency resolution. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiment results demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm under low SNR.

Research On Parametric Modeling Of Radar Electronic Warfare Visual Simulation, Jinliang Guo, Zhang Yang, Xiaoyan Li, Xue Yuan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to improve the versatility of electronic warfare scene simulation and reduce the repeated development, a parametric modeling approach was proposed. Based on the visual simulation development model of Vega Prime, the modular simulation architecture was designed to provide a unified design structure for parametric modeling. The method of parameter extraction and description was researched to standardize the design of simulation model parameters. Parameter constraint rules were researched to associate model parameters, avoid the conflict between parameters, and simplify parameter instantiation. A parametric visual simulation system of electronic warfare was designed and implemented. The parametric modeling process …

Progress And Challenge On Military System Analysis And Modeling, Mingzhi Zhang, Peng Jun

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the data of openly published related research papers from 2001 to September 2016, the research progresses on military system analysis and modeling were summarized. The concerning theory and method, research contents, annual developing stage, researchers and institutes, and related journals were analyzed, which contributed to making a knowledge map of the area. A series of challenging issues in the research area was discussed to prompt further research on military system analysis and modeling.

Modeling And Realization Of Acoustic Signal Separation Simulation System Based On Systemvue, Xiaorong Tong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the practical requirements of blind separation process of acoustic signals, a modeling method of acoustic signals separation simulation system based on SystemVue simulation platform is proposed according to specific mode of signal separation and acoustic sensor network layout in the practical work. It provides a novel signal separation algorithm based on signal single source detection which is the improvement of FastICA algorithm. It also can obtain the source acoustic signals without the information of signal source numbers. The SystemVue software is used to model the net of acoustic sensors, and the target simulation information is generated at …

Spatial Target Localization Using Fuzzy Square-Root Cubature Kalman Filter, Haoshen Lin, Xiaojun Yang, He Bing

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The tracking of spatial target based on bearing-only measurements belongs to the nonlinear model of serious. Uncertain statistical characteristics of noise, which is caused by complex space environment, leads to reduced accuracy of traditional methods. The fuzzy square-root cubature Kalman filter was presented (FS-CKF) by introducing the thought of fuzzy in square-root cubature Kalman filter (SCKF). The algorithm which uses trapezoid subordinate function to describe noise gets rid of the limitations of traditional methods and broadens the range of SCKF. The result of simulation shows that the convergence speed of FS-CKF was 32.52% and 18.28% faster than SCKF …

Improved Hybrid Devs-Based Equipment Modeling Method, Jianchun Zhang, Yanyang Zeng, Wenpeng Xu, Fengju Kang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the shortcoming of model reuse and extensibility in the existing underwater warfare simulations, a hybrid modeling method based on improved hybrid DEVS (IHDEVS) is proposed. By analyzing the characteristics of combat in the underwater warfare, the event driven engagement process is constructed. From the two dimensions of entity function and behavior abstraction, a model classification strategy based on separation of concerns is designed, and a universal entity model framework is built based on the IHDEVS modeling theory, including layers of the interaction architecture, the coupling model and the atomic model. A typical example shows that this …

Extensible Battle Management Ontology Language, Zaijiang Tang, Xiangzhong Xue, Xue Qin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The interoperability of command and control system with combat simulation system is an important and difficult problem in the construction of practical training environment. Aiming at the existing problems of semantic interoperability of language description, the battle management language, web ontology language and extensible markup language are studied. Based on ontology theory, the extensible battle management ontology language (XBMOL) is proposed. The syntax structure and semantic annotation of XBMOL are analyzed as an extension to the C-BML. The XBMOL 6W1H architecture is designed, and the extensible grammatical structure and semantic tagging are described. An example with XBMOL is given …

A Practical Approach For Building The Model Family’S Framework Of A Simulation System, Xiaocheng Liu, Bin Chen, Xiaogang Qiu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The model architecture of a simulation system is derived from its family’s framework, and the building approach is the first issue to be tackled to build a simulation system. Considering the experience for building model family’s framework of some typical simulation systems and the recent development of modeling technology, this paper gives a measure-centred guidable procedure for building the model family’s framework of a simulation system, summarizes its basic rules, as well as lists some key technologies and supporting tools. The approach describes step-by-step the process of framework building by two phases (eight steps). Our proposed approach has been …

Research On Battle Damage Assessment Method Of Aggregating Target In Theater-Level, Qihao Hou, Yiping Yao, Cao Xiang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The damage adjudication model in the theater-level combat simulation is the key to judge the target damage status and evaluate the attack process. The current research mainly focuses on the abstract modeling of single ground target, and the needs of the damage assessment of ground aggregation targets in large-scale joint operations cannot be met. The ground aggregation target is decomposed into different sub-targets through the structure tree, and the sub-target value is given to determine the main attacked target. Standard sub-targets are created based on the sub-target's shape and presence or absence of protection. The mapping relationship between …

Analysis Of Key Issues In Building Joint Operation Analytic Simulation System, Gensheng Hu, Shiguang Yue, Xiaogang Qiu, Zhao Kai

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The significance and reasons of key problems including the simulating efficiency, the model systems, the standard specification and system application are analyzed. On this basis, we discuss how to use techniques of high performance simulation engine, system modeling focused on C4ISR, artificial intelligence, and warfighting experimentation to solve these problems. We propose “two-line & three-layer” model VV&A management, “three-in-one” cooperative working pattern, and standard operation process of simulation analysis. Our works provide references for construction and application of the future joint operations simulation system.