Digital Commons Network^™

Revolutionizing Public Safety And Criminal Justice Through Ai, Alan Saquella

Publications

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming public safety, criminal justice and security by fundamentally changing how crimes are committed, investigated and prevented. As AI tools become increasingly sophisticated, law enforcement and corporate security professionals are utilizing these advancements to enhance their capabilities. However, integrating AI into these sectors also brings significant challenges, including ethical concerns, recruitment difficulties, and the surge in crime rates. This article examines the transformative impact of AI, the ongoing efforts to unify AI applications across public safety and security sectors, and expert advice on overcoming the associated challenges.

Investigating The Intersection Of Ai And Cybercrime: Risks, Trends, And Countermeasures, Sanaika Shetty, Kyung-Shick Choi, Insun Park

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

No abstract provided.

Integrated Model Of Cybercrime Dynamics: A Comprehensive Framework For Understanding Offending And Victimization In The Digital Realm, Troy Smith Phd

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

This article introduces the Integrated Model of Cybercrime Dynamics (IMCD), a novel theoretical framework for examining the complex interplay between individual characteristics, online behavior, environmental factors, and outcomes related to cybercrime offending and victimization. The model incorporates key concepts from existing theories, empirical evidence, and interdisciplinary perspectives to provide a comprehensive framework. In contrast to traditional criminological theories, the proposed model integrates concepts from multiple disciplines to offer a holistic framework that captures the complexity of cybercrime and specifically caters for the uniqueness of cyberspace. The article will provide a detailed overview of the conceptual model, its theoretical underpinnings drawing …

Fostering Trust Through User Interface Design In Multi-Drone Search And Rescue, Johanna Ahlskog, Maria Theresa Bahodi, Artur Lugmayr, Timothy Merritt

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or drones, are increasingly used in search and rescue (SAR) missions, with pilots transitioning from manual control of single drones to more collaborative tasks orchestrating semi-autonomous fleets. Designing user interfaces to support UAV pilots effectively is crucial to improving the success of search missions. We developed two versions of a multi-drone SAR system prototype to simulate SAR missions and evaluated them with professional UAV SAR pilots in Sweden. Both versions showed the flight paths of the UAVs, yet in one version, a heatmap was overlayed to provide information from a lost person model. We evaluated situational …

Enhancing Imputation Accuracy: A Multi-Faceted Approach For Missing Data In Chicago Arrest Records, Steve Bramhall, Jae Chung, Nicholas Mueller

SMU Data Science Review

This paper introduces a novel approach to enhance the imputation process for missing data, utilizing crime records from Chicago with arrests as the target feature. Robust imputation techniques are crucial in the era of burgeoning datasets for generating reliable insights. Our core objective is to present an innovative method that improves imputation techniques, augmenting model performance and bolstering the reliability of analytical outcomes. Leveraging numeric crime data, we establish a Gradient Boosting (GBM) baseline model, then introduce ensemble methods including Random Forest and Decision Trees for further refinement. By systematically exploring multiple imputation processes, we establish a baseline for comparative …

The Foodpunk City: Advancing Portland's Food Security Through A Shared Ideology Of Adaptation & Resistance, Nickolas Hash

Dissertations and Theses

Food injustice is a form of violence perpetrated by state and corporate actors against a constituency under their governing power, particularly impacting marginalized and impoverished communities. It denies individuals access to nutritious food, perpetuating cycles of poverty, inequality, physical health risks, and social exclusion. Grassroots movements have emerged to challenge dominant paradigms and advocate for food sovereignty, agroecology, and food anarchy. In Portland, the movement represents a nontraditional approach to food security that closely resembles the reactionary ideology of urban "punk" culture. Both groups prioritize community autonomy over food systems, sustainable agricultural practices, and resistance to oppressive structures that perpetuate …

Comment Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Yard Submittals Round 2 (Dated July 25, 2024), Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Data Communication Over Power-Lines: A Review On Technical, And Applications Challenges, Abdi Abdalla

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This paper presents a review study on the data communication over power-lines, commonly referred to as power-line carrier, power-line communication (PLC), mains communications, or power-line digital subscriber line (PDSL). This study examines the technical and application advantages and challenges associated with adopting PLC as a preferred alternative technology for wideband or broadband data communication. The broader coverage area of the PLC network gives it a distinct advantage over other communication network technologies. Additionally, implementing a communication system using the existing power-line network is more cost-effective and less time-consuming compared to constructing a new network from scratch. However, the primary challenge …

Investigations Of Cell Tower Antennas Parameters On Reduction Of Radio Frequency Radiation Levels From Radio Base Stations, Florence U. Rashidi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The widespread deployment of mobile cellular base stations in populated areas has raised public health concerns due to increased exposure to radio frequency (RF) radiation emissions. Exposure to high levels of RF radiation can have potential thermal and non-thermal biological effects. Optimizing the configuration of cell tower antenna parameters is crucial for mitigating these radiation levels. This study therefore aims at systematically investigating the influence of different cell tower antenna parameters on reducing the RF radiation levels from mobile base stations. Field measurements were conducted at two cell sites shared by multiple mobile operators. Electric field strengths were measured at …

Estimating Post-Fire Flood Infrastructure Clogging And Overtopping Hazards, Ariane Jong-Levinger, Douglas Houston, Brett F. Sanders

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Cycles of wildfire and rainfall produce sediment-laden floods that pose a hazard to development and may clog or overtop protective infrastructure, including debris basins and flood channels. The compound, post-fire flood hazards associated with infrastructure overtopping and clogging are challenging to estimate due to the need to account for interactions between sequences of wildfire and storm events and their impact on flood control infrastructure over time. Here we present data sources and calibration methods to estimate infrastructure clogging and channel overtopping hazards on a catchment-by-catchment basis using the Post-Fire Flood Hazard Model (PF2HazMo), a stochastic modeling approach that utilizes continuous …

Impact Of Shale Oil And Gas Exploration In The Permian Basin: Public Finances, House Prices, Migration, And Household Income, Bamadou Ouattara

Economics ETDs

This dissertation examines the impacts of shale oil and gas exploration in the Permian Basin, focusing on housing, socio-demographics, petroleum exploration, and environmental effects. It addresses three key research areas: New Mexico's public finances, inter-county migration and household income, and the influence on house prices.

The introductory chapter reviews the boomtown impact model and advocates for its adaptation to current social, economic, and financial landscapes. The second chapter analyzes New Mexico's public finances from 2010-2021, emphasizing oil and gas tax revenues and the need for financial prudence due to industry volatility.

The third chapter uses causal effect techniques to assess …

Charlotte: A Modern Tool For Cave Surveying, Luca Tringali Mr., Giacomo Canciani Dr., Alexander Debenjak, Tecla Tripari

International Journal of Speleology

The future of cave surveying is a full 3D scan, as automatic as possible, capturing all morphologically relevant details. However, the vast majority of cavers are still using tools designed more than 15 years ago. The advancements in tools for architects, CAD designers, programmers of VR and robotics could be helpful also for the caving community. That’s why Charlotte, a cheap DIY 2.5D scanner designed for cave surveying, was developed and built. To demonstrate its capabilities, a new survey of Grotta Regina del Carso cave (cad. nr. 2328/4760VG), the biggest cave in the Gorizia Karst, has been realized and published. …

Antimicrobial And Chemical Characterization Of Cold Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas, Dalton Albert Miller

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Microbial contamination of food processing facilities is a major cause of human disease and economic loss. There are approximately 48,000,000 cases of foodborne illness in the United States annually, leading to 128,000 hospitalizations and 1,300 deaths. The total economic damages are estimated at $36 billion each year, including productive hours, medical expenses, and the disposal of contaminated foodstuffs. Current methods to reduce contamination on food processing surfaces utilize steam or concentrated chemicals (hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, strong acids, strong bases) that are hazardous to workers and required large volumes of water to remove prior to resuming contact with food. Ongoing outbreaks …

Development Of A Flow Cytometry Method For The Identification And Enumeration Of Enterococcus Faecalis, Riza Magbitang

Master's Theses

A multi-color flow cytometry method coupled with fluorescent staining was developed to detect and quantify E. faecalis concentrations in coastal waters as an alternative to the traditional membrane filtration method. The developed method was used to characterize E. faecalis during batch growth and yielded consistent results across the various physiological states of the cells. Additionally, the application of propidium iodide (i.e., a viability stain), afforded the method the ability to differentiate between cells with intact and compromised cell membranes, which raises the potential of quantifying cells that are in viable-but-non-culturable (VBNC) state. Initial field test using natural seawater samples spiked …

Path-Choice-Constrained Bus Bridging Design Under Urban Rail Transit Disruptions, Yiyang Zhu, Jian Gang Jin, Hai Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Although urban rail transit systems play a crucial role in urban mobility, they frequently suffer from unexpected disruptions due to power loss, severe weather, equipment failure, and other factors that cause significant disruptions in passenger travel and, in turn, socioeconomic losses. To alleviate the inconvenience of affected passengers, bus bridging services are often provided when rail service has been suspended. Prior research has yielded various methodologies for effective bus bridging services; however, they are mainly based on the strong assumption that passengers must follow predetermined bus bridging routes. Less attention is paid to passengers’ path choice behaviors, which could affect …

Predicting Personality Or Prejudice? Facial Inference In The Age Of Artificial Intelligence, Shilpa Madan, Gayoung Park

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Facial inference, a cornerstone of person perception, has traditionally been studied through human judgments about personality traits and abilities based on people's faces. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have introduced new dimensions to this field, employing machine learning algorithms to reveal people's character, capabilities, and social outcomes based just on their faces. This review examines recent research on human and AI-based facial inference across psychology, business, computer science, legal, and policy studies to highlight the need for scientific consensus on whether or not people's faces can reveal their inner traits, and urges researchers to address the critical concerns …

Public Realm For Enhanced Quality Of Life :Interactive Spaces Combating Climate Change, Amal M . El- Ellithy , Mohamed M. Yossef , And Mai W. Madkour

Journal of Engineering Research

Currently, facing climate change stands as a crucial focus within architecture, urban planning and design .Urban design is constructive endeavor aimed at benefiting the public. The public realm that creates the environment for individuals and communities to effectively, safely, meaningfully and permanently lead their lives .For a prolonged duration the public realm have been formulated to accommodate severe climatic conditions .the reality persists that the essence of a signification public realm continue to be widely disregarded . The aim is to clarify how exceptional quality, effectively designed, and well-managed approaches can be beneficial to implement as a strategy for climate …

Enhancing Security In Modern Medical Devices: The Medicalharm Methodology And Cyberllama2, Emmanuel Kwarteng

Dissertations (1934 -)

With the rapid growth of Modern Medical Devices (MMDs) and their increasing connectivity to enhance patient care, concerns about security, privacy, and safety are paramount. If compromised, these devices can expose sensitive patient information and harm patients. Therefore, securing MMDs against cyber-attacks is critical. Threat modeling, mandated by the FDA as a premarket submission requirement in the MMD domain, serves as the first defense mechanism. However, our investigation of 119 participants from various MMD manufacturing companies revealed a need for a tailored threat modeling methodology that considers both patient safety and device complexity. To address this, we present MEDICALHARM, a …

Single-Valued Neutrosophic Mcdm Approaches Integrated With Merec And Ram For The Selection Of Uavs In Forest Fire Detection And Management, Mai Mohamed, Amira Salam, Jun Ye, Rui Yong

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

In recent times, the world has experienced a rise in the frequency of forest fires. These fires cause severe economic damage and pose a significant threat to human lives. Therefore, it is essential to search for solutions that can help combat fires and detect them early. Once a fire reaches a certain level, it becomes challenging to control it. Various systems have been proposed to collect data and detect forest fires, such as satellites and other traditional methods. However, these solutions have been ineffective in terms of cost, coverage of large areas, accuracy, and the safety of human lives. To …

Development Of The Roadway Pothole Management Program, Dingxin Cheng

Mineta Transportation Institute

Addressing the issue of potholes is a primary concern for maintaining urban infrastructure. The research team has developed a prototype pothole management program. The program includes a mobile application and two machine learning models. The mobile app enables users to upload images of potholes, report relevant information, and provide driving directions to the pothole location. With the help of this application, the user can seamlessly capture images of the potholes, record pertinent information, and submit the data for necessary action. The mobile application is an essential tool in the Pothole Management Program (PMP), as it enhances the program's efficiency, effectiveness, …

Production V Conservation: A Policy Dilemma In The Tree Clearing Debate In Queensland, Australia, J C. Scanlan, E J. Turner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A process for developing policy for tree clearing that meets the competing goals of conservation and production has been followed. There were two levels at which policy was developed. An overall Statewide policy outlined general targets to meet commitments of the Queensland Government. Local guidelines were developed by a large number of groups containing representatives of government and interested conservation movement and industry representatives. The policy and the local guidelines are an important part of the process used to assess applications for permits to clear woody vegetation.

Trust, Transparency, And Transport: The Impact Of Privacy Protection On The Acceptance Of Last-Mile Drone Delivery, Jurgen Heinz Famula

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A common set of problems commercial delivery companies face is finding ways to increase the efficiency and reliability of the “last mile” of a package’s journey, all while reducing operating costs. This need for efficiency has driven many companies to explore using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones, to get packages to their final destination. Although UAVs have great potential to help increase efficiency in commercial package delivery, this comes at a potential cost to the privacy of people who intersect the flight paths of these unmanned vehicles. This thesis explores the effect of a mobile phone application for commercial …

Land-Use Governance And Indigenous Engagement In Arctic Alaska And Norway: Successes, Current Gaps, And Paths Forward, Ningning Sun

Environmental Studies Senior Theses

This study aims to analyze the land use governance structures and the role of Indigenous engagement in Alaska and Norway using a comparative approach, with special focus on successful practices, current gaps, and paths forward to achieve equitable governance. Extractive land uses, such as oil and gas extraction and the construction of wind farms, have mixed impacts on Indigenous communities and lead to social and legal issues such as land use conflict and environmental injustice. Previous research has studied land use governance in Arctic countries with regard to Indigenous Peoples, yet there is a lack of literature that spans Alaska …

Santa Maria Climate Action Plan Recommendations: Building Energy And Transportation, Thomas Zimmerman, Elena Blewett

City and Regional Planning

The Santa Maria Climate Action Plan Recommendations addresses GHG emissions reduction for the largest sectors in the City of Santa Maria- Building Energy and Transportation. The project includes GHG forecasts and reduction targets from the City’s Draft 2020 Community-Wide Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report. The reduction targets are met through a series of actionable measures to help the City meet aggressive reduction targets by 2030 and 2045.

Enhancing Robustness Of Machine Learning Models Against Adversarial Attacks, Ronak Guliani

University Honors Theses

Machine learning models are integral for numerous applications, but they remain increasingly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. These attacks involve subtle manipulation of input data to deceive models, presenting a critical threat to their dependability and security. This thesis addresses the need for strengthening these models against such adversarial attacks. Prior research has primarily focused on identifying specific types of adversarial attacks on a limited range of ML algorithms. However, there is a gap in the evaluation of model resilience across algorithms and in the development of effective defense mechanisms. To bridge this gap, this work adopts a two-phase approach. First, …

Maximizing Network Throughput In Heterogeneous Uav Networks, Shuyue Li, Jing Li, Chaocan Xiang, Wenzheng Xu, Jian Peng, Ziming Wang, Weifa Liang, Xinwei Yao, Xiaohua Jia, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper we study the deployment of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) network that consists of multiple UAVs to provide emergent communication service for people who are trapped in a disaster area, where each UAV is equipped with a base station that has limited computing capacity and power supply, and thus can only serve a limited number of people. Unlike most existing studies that focused on homogeneous UAVs, we consider the deployment of heterogeneous UAVs where different UAVs have different computing capacities. We study a problem of deploying K heterogeneous UAVs in the air to form a temporarily connected …

Network Slicing And Noma Enabled Mobile Edge Computing For Next-Generation Networks, Mohammad Arif Hossain

Dissertations

The advent of next-generation wireless networks ushers in a new era of potential, harnessing cutting-edge technologies like mobile edge computing (MEC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and network slicing as pivotal drivers of transformation. Within this landscape, an innovative approach is proposed by introducing a NOMA-enabled network slicing technique within MEC networks. This approach aims to achieve multiple objectives: meeting stringent quality of service requirements, minimizing service latency, and enhancing spectral efficiency. By seamlessly integrating NOMA with network slicing in edge computing environments, significant reductions in overall latency are achieved, alongside ensuring optimal resource allocation for NOMA users. To address these …

Sensing With Integrity: Responsible Sensor Systems In An Era Of Ai, David Eisenberg

Dissertations

Deep and machine learning now offer immense benefits for consumer choice, decision-making, medicine, mental health and education, smart cities, and intelligent transportation and driver safety. However, as communication and Internet technology further advances, these benefits have the potential to be outweighed by compromises to privacy, personal freedom, consumer trust, and discrimination. While ethical consequences for personal freedom and equity rise from these technological advances, the issue may not be the technology itself but a lack of regulation and policy that allow abuses to occur. A first study examines how emerging sensor-based technologies, limited to only accelerometer and gyroscope data from …

Evaluating The Impact Of Wildfires On Mixed Conifer Forest Regeneration And The Effectiveness Of Usfs Management Strategies On Restoring Ecosystem Services, Wyatt Farino

Master's Projects and Capstones

Wildfires are increasing in frequency, duration, and severity across Western North America. 20,438,720 acres (20.1%) of California has burned at least once since 2010. Projections suggest a statewide increase in burned area between 36% and 74% by 2085, with some forested areas in Northern California exceeding 100% in all modeled scenarios. Fire regimes have deviated far from their historical norm, significantly increasing the risk of type conversion from forest to other ecosystems. Californians rely on the myriad of ecosystem services produced by these forests to meet their basic needs. Access to these fundamental services will be severely reduced if appropriate …

Machine Learning: Face Recognition, Mohammed E. Amin

Publications and Research

This project explores the cutting-edge intersection of machine learning (ML) and face recognition (FR) technology, utilizing the OpenCV library to pioneer innovative applications in real-time security and user interface enhancement. By processing live video feeds, our system encodes visual inputs and employs advanced face recognition algorithms to accurately identify individuals from a database of photos. This integration of machine learning with OpenCV not only showcases the potential for bolstering security systems but also enriches user experiences across various technological platforms. Through a meticulous examination of unique facial features and the application of sophisticated ML algorithms and neural networks, our project …