Digital Commons Network^™

Interleaving A Symbolic Story Generator With A Neural Network-Based Large Language Model, Jingwen Xiang, Zoie Zhao, Mackie Zhou, Megan Mckenzie, Alexis Kilayko, Jamie C. Macbeth, Scott Carter, Katharine Sieck, Matthew Klenk

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

Research in deep learning has recently produced models of natural language that are capable of generating natural language output which, at a glance, has strong similarities to that written by intelligent humans. However, the texts produced by deep learning-based large language models (LLMs), upon deeper examination, reveal the challenges that they have in producing outputs that maintain logical coherence. One specific application area of interest for LLMs is in fictional narrative generation, a mode of operation in which stories are generated by the model in response to a prompt text that indicates the start of a story or the desired …

New Development Of Neutrosophic Probability, Neutrosophic Statistics, Neutrosophic Algebraic Structures, And Neutrosophic Plithogenic Optimizations, Florentin Smarandache, Yanhui Guo

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This collective book presents state-of-the-art papers on new topics related to neutrosophic theories, such as neutrosophic algebraic structures, neutrosophic triplet algebraic structures, neutrosophic extended triplet algebraic structures, neutrosophic algebraic hyperstructures, neutrosophic triplet algebraic hyperstructures, neutrosophic n-ary algebraic structures, neutrosophic n-ary algebraic hyperstructures, refined neutrosophic algebraic structures, refined neutrosophic algebraic hyperstructures, quadruple neutrosophic algebraic structures, refined quadruple neutrosophic algebraic structures, neutrosophic image processing, neutrosophic image classification, neutrosophic computer vision, neutrosophic machine learning, neutrosophic artificial intelligence, neutrosophic data analytics, neutrosophic deep learning, and neutrosophic symmetry, as well as their applications in the real world.

Linguistic Matrices, W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The authors build linguistic matrices only for those linguistic variables which yield a linguistic continuum or an ordered linguistic set. Most of the properties enjoyed by real and complex matrices are satisfied by these linguistic matrices. However, we see when we try to define operations on linguistic matrices that they behave in different ways. The possible operations defined on linguistic matrices are only the maximum and minimum. Further, we have different identities for min and max operations on these matrices for linguistic variable and its associated linguistic words.

Linguistic Functions, W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book, the authors have proved the analogues of the Bolzano Weierstrass theorem for the linguistic version. Several concepts in the case of linguistic continuum are very distinct from the natural classical real continuum. Categorically, we have three linguistic variables: one leading to a continuum, some finite and orderable set, and some not orderable. We define a linguistic plane associated with linguistic variables and give graphs associated with linguistic functions.

Linguistic Graphs And Their Applications, W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The authors define the notion of directed linguistic graphs and linguistic-weighted graphs.

The second chapter discusses all types of linguistic graphs, linguistic dyads, linguistic triads, linguistic wheels, complete linguistic graphs, connected linguistic graphs, disconnected linguistic graphs, and linguistic components of the graphs. Further we define the notion of linguistic subgraphs of a linguistic graph. The third chapter also introduces the notion of Linguistic Cognitive Maps (LCMs) analogous to Fuzzy Cognitive maps (FCMs). We also propose Linguistic relational Maps, which are analogous to Fuzzy Relational Maps. These models find applications in problems whose data is unsupervised, but the values are linguistic.

Linguistic Geometry And Its Applications, W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The authors venture to define the notion of linguistic geometry in this book.

It is pertinent to keep on the record that linguistic geometry differs from the classical geometry.

Many fundamental concepts and notions of classical geometry are not valid or extendable in the case of linguistic geometry.

We discuss in dept the linguistic variables, graphs and geometry essential for social information networks.

And then develop the new notion of linguistic geometry and its related properties.

The concept of linguistic social information geometric networks is also developed.

Linguistic Semilinear Algebras And Linguistic Semivector Spaces, W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This book introduces algebraic structures on linguistic sets associated with a linguistic variable.

The linguistics with single closed binary operations are only semigroups and monoids. Authors feel it is not possible to define the notion of linguistic group.

We describe the new notion of linguistic semirings, linguistic semifields, linguistic semivector spaces, and linguistic semilinear algebras defined over linguistic semifields.

We also define algebraic structures on linguistic subsets of a linguistic set associated with a linguistic variable.

Collected Papers (On Neutrosophic Theory And Applications), Volume Viii, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This eighth volume of Collected Papers includes 75 papers comprising 973 pages on (theoretic and applied) neutrosophics, written between 2010-2022 by the author alone or in collaboration with 102 co-authors from 24 countries.

Collected Papers (On Neutrosophic Theory And Applications), Volume Vii, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This seventh volume of Collected Papers includes 70 papers comprising 974 pages on (theoretic and applied) neutrosophics, written between 2013-2021 by the author alone or in collaboration with 122 co-authors from 22 countries.

Collected Papers (On Physics, Artificial Intelligence, Health Issues, Decision Making, Economics, Statistics), Volume Xi, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This eleventh volume of Collected Papers includes 90 papers comprising 988 pages on Physics, Artificial Intelligence, Health Issues, Decision Making, Economics, Statistics, written between 2001-2022 by the author alone or in collaboration with 84 co-authors from 19 countries.

Generation Of Creative Game Scene Patterns By The Neutrosophic Genetic Cocoso Method, Aurimas Petrovas, Romualdas Bausys, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Creative procedural generation requires, by its nature, a nondeterministic result. Each set of outputs has to satisfy the required criteria and, at the same time, has to show unique results to be considered creative. One of the keys to increasing nondeterminism is to use fuzzy neutrosophic sets. A combination of a CoCoSo multi-criteria decision algorithm with a genetic algorithm to generate game scenes was proposed. The algorithm satisfies the required game rules and improves the aesthetics value of the visual game scene. The proposed approach seeks to produce a creative solution which satisfies the replayability principle, when the solution is …

Introduction To Plithogenic Sociogram With Preference Representations By Plithogenic Number, Nivetha Martin, Florentin Smarandache, R. Priya

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The theory of Plithogeny is gaining momentum in recent times as it generalizes the concepts of fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, neutrosophy and other extended representations of fuzzy sets. The relativity of the comprehensive and accommodative nature of plithogenic sets in dealing with attributes shall be applied to handle the decision–making problems in the field of sociology. This paper introduces the concepts of Plithogenic Sociogram (PS) and Plithogenic Number (PN) where the former is the integration of plithogeny to the sociometric technique of sociogram and the latter is the generalization of fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy and neutrosophic numbers that shall be used in …

Introduction To The Special Issue On Advances In Neutrosophic And Plithogenic Sets For Engineering And Sciences: Theory, Models, And Applications, S. A. Edalatpanah, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Recently, research on uncertainty modeling has been progressing rapidly, and many essential and breakthrough studies have already been done. There are various ways to handle these uncertainties, such as fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Although these concepts can take incomplete information in various real-world issues, they cannot address all types of uncertainty, such as indeterminate and inconsistent information. The neutrosophic theory founded by Florentin Smarandache in 1998 constitutes a further generalization of fuzzy set, intuitionistic fuzzy set, picture fuzzy set, Pythagorean fuzzy set, spherical fuzzy set, etc. Since then, this logic has been applied in various science and engineering domains. …

Nidus Idearum. Scilogs, Ix: Neutrosophia Perennis, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this ninth book of scilogs collected from my nest of ideas, one may find new and old questions and solutions, – in email messages to research colleagues, or replies, and personal notes, some handwritten on the planes to, and from international conferences, about topics on Neutrosophy and its applications, such as: Neutrosophic Bipolar Set, Linguistic Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Resonance Frequency, n-ary HyperAlgebra, n-ary NeutroHyperAlgebra, n-ary AntiHyperAlgebra, Plithogenic Crisp Graph, Plithogenic Fuzzy Graph, Plithogenic Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graph, Plithogenic Neutrosophic Graph, Plithogenic Real Number Graph, Plithogenic Complex Number Graph, Plithogenic Neutrosophic Number Graph, and many more.

Exchanging ideas with: Tareq Al-Shami, …

Interest Points Analysis For Internet Forum Based On Long-Short Windows Similarity, Xinghai Ju, Jicang Lu, Xiangyang Luo, Gang Zhou, Shiyu Wang, Shunhang Li, Yang Yang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

For Internet forum Points of Interest (PoI), existing analysis methods are usually lack of usability analysis under different conditions and ignore the long-term variation, which lead to blindness in method selection. To address this problem, this paper proposed a PoI variation prediction framework based on similarity analysis between long and short windows. Based on the framework, this paper presented 5 PoI analysis algorithms which can be categorized into 2 types, i.e., the traditional sequence analysis methods such as autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA), support vector regressor (SVR), and the deep learning methods such as convolutional neural network (CNN), long-short …

A Novel Framework To Estimate Cognitive Impairment Via Finger Interaction With Digital Devices, Ashley A Holmes, Shikha Tripathi, Emily Katz, Ijah Mondesire-Crump, Rahul Mahajan, Aaron Ritter, Teresa Arroyo-Gallego, Luca Giancardo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Measuring cognitive function is essential for characterizing brain health and tracking cognitive decline in Alzheimer's Disease and other neurodegenerative conditions. Current tools to accurately evaluate cognitive impairment typically rely on a battery of questionnaires administered during clinical visits which is essential for the acquisition of repeated measurements in longitudinal studies. Previous studies have shown that the remote data collection of passively monitored daily interaction with personal digital devices can measure motor signs in the early stages of synucleinopathies, as well as facilitate longitudinal patient assessment in the real-world scenario with high patient compliance. This was achieved by the automatic discovery …

Cultivation Of Industrial Hemp On And Near Airports: Implications For Wildlife Use And Risk To Aviation Safety, Bradley F. Blackwell, Page E. Klug, Lee A. Humberg, Zachary T. Brym, Bryan M. Kluever, Jenna Edwards

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.; hemp) is an emerging crop in the United States with little known about bird use or the potential for birds to become an agricultural pest. We identified birds associated with hemp fields, using repeated visits to oilseed plots in North Dakota, USA (n = 6) and cannabinoid (CBD) plots in Florida, USA (n = 4) from August to November 2020. We did not control for plot area or density; our observations were descriptive only. We observed 10 species in hemp, 12 species flying over hemp, and 11 species both foraging in and …

A Systematic Map Of Human-Carnivore Coexistence, Cassandre C. Venumière-Lefebvre, Stewart W. Breck, Kevin R. Crooks

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Carnivore populations globally have largely declined, and coexistence, where humans and carnivores share landscapes, plays a crucial role in carnivore conservation. However, the term “coexistence” is often used in scientific and popular literature without being clearly defined. Herein, we provide a global perspective on what coexistence is and how it is studied. We conducted a systematic map of 366 articles published between 1987 and 2020 to characterize human-carnivore coexistence literature according to coexistence definitions, temporal trends, geographic and taxonomic focus, and four thematic aspects of coexistence: carnivore ecology, human endeavors, social conflict and human-carnivore conflict. We used chi-squared tests and …

Harnessing The Power Of Interdisciplinary Research With Psychology-Informed Cyberbullying Detection Models, Deborah Hall, Yasin N. Silva, Brittany Wheeler, Lu Cheng, Katie Baumel

Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Cyberbullying has become increasingly prevalent, particularly on social media. There has also been a steady rise in cyberbullying research across a range of disciplines. Much of the empirical work from computer science has focused on developing machine learning models for cyberbullying detection. Whereas machine learning cyberbullying detection models can be improved by drawing on psychological theories and perspectives, there is also tremendous potential for machine learning models to contribute to a better understanding of psychological aspects of cyberbullying. In this paper, we discuss how machine learning models can yield novel insights about the nature and defining characteristics of cyberbullying and …

Application Of Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning For Hiv Prevention Interventions, John Schneider

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In 2019, the US Government announced its goal to end the HIV epidemic within 10 years, mirroring the initiatives set forth by UNAIDS. Public health prevention interventions are a crucial part of this ambitious goal. However, numerous challenges to this goal exist, including improving HIV awareness, increasing early HIV infection detection, ensuring rapid treatment, optimising resource distribution, and providing efficient prevention services for vulnerable populations. Artificial intelligence has had a pivotal role in revolutionising health care and has shown great potential in developing effective HIV prevention intervention strategies. Although artificial intelligence has been used in a few HIV prevention intervention …

Exposing And Fixing Causes Of Inconsistency And Nondeterminism In Clustering Implementations, Xin Yin

Dissertations

Cluster analysis aka Clustering is used in myriad applications, including high-stakes domains, by millions of users. Clustering users should be able to assume that clustering implementations are correct, reliable, and for a given algorithm, interchangeable. Based on observations in a wide-range of real-world clustering implementations, this dissertation challenges the aforementioned assumptions.

This dissertation introduces an approach named SmokeOut that uses differential clustering to show that clustering implementations suffer from nondeterminism and inconsistency: on a given input dataset and using a given clustering algorithm, clustering outcomes and accuracy vary widely between (1) successive runs of the same toolkit, i.e., nondeterminism, and …

A Framework Of Web-Based Dark Patterns That Can Be Detected Manually Or Automatically, Ioannis Stavrakakis, Andrea Curley, Dympna O'Sullivan, Damian Gordon, Brendan Tierney

Articles

This research explores the design and development of a framework for the detection of Dark Patterns, which are a series of user interface tricks that manipulate users into actions that they do not intend to do, for example, share more data than they want to, or spend more money than they plan to. The interface does this using either deception or other psychological nudges. User Interface experts have categorized a number of these tricks that are commonly used and have called them Dark Patterns. They are typically varied in their form and what they do, and the goal of this …

On The Documentation Of Refactoring Types, Eman Abdullah Alomar, Jiaqian Liu, Kenneth Addo, Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer, Christian D. Newman, Ali Ouni, Zhe Yu

Articles

Commit messages are the atomic level of software documentation. They provide a natural language description of the code change and its purpose. Messages are critical for software maintenance and program comprehension. Unlike documenting feature updates and bug fixes, little is known about how developers document their refactoring activities. Specifically, developers can perform multiple refactoring operations, including moving methods, extracting classes, renaming attributes, for various reasons, such as improving software quality, managing technical debt, and removing defects. Yet, there is no systematic study that analyzes the extent to which the documentation of refactoring accurately describes the refactoring operations performed at the …

The Optimal Double Bubble For Density 𝑟ᵖ, Jack Hirsch, Kevin Li, Jackson Petty, Christopher Xue

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal

In 2008 Reichardt proved that the optimal Euclidean double bubble---the least-perimeter way to enclose and separate two given volumes---is three spherical caps meeting along a sphere at 120 degrees. We consider Rⁿ with density r^p, joining the surge of research on manifolds with density after their appearance in Perelman's 2006 proof of the Poincaré Conjecture. Boyer et al. proved that the best single bubble is a sphere through the origin. We conjecture that the best double bubble is the Euclidean solution with the singular sphere passing through the origin, for which we have verified equilibrium (first variation …

Distribution, Abundance And Natural Enemies Of The Invasive Tomato Leafminer, Tuta Absoluta (Meyrick) In Kenya, G. Kinyanjui, F. M. Khamis, F. L.O. Ombura, E. U. Kenya, S. Ekesi, S. A. Mohamed

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) has become a serious menace to sustainable production of tomato in Kenya. A survey was conducted between April 2015 and June 2016 to determine its distribution, abundance, infestation, and damage levels on tomato, and associated natural enemies. Trap counts of T. absoluta moths were recorded in all surveyed 29 counties, which indicated its nationwide distribution irrespective of altitude. Tuta absoluta was present in both open fields and greenhouses. The highest moth/trap/day was 115.38 ± 15.90. Highest leaf infestation was 92.22% and the highest number of mines and larvae per leaf were 3.71 ± 0.28 and 2.16 ± …

An Open Source Direct Messaging And Enhanced Recommendation System For Yioop, Aniruddha Dinesh Mallya

Master's Projects

Recommendation systems and direct messaging systems are two popular components of web portals. A recommendation system is an information filtering system that seeks to predict the "rating" or "preference" a user would give to an item and a direct messaging system allows private communication between users of any platform. Yioop, is an open source, PHP search engine and web portal that can be configured to allow users to create discussion groups, blogs, wikis etc.

In this project, we expanded on Yioop’s group system so that every user now has a personal group. Personal groups were then used to add user …

Employee Churn Prediction Using Logistic Regression And Support Vector Machine, Rajendra Maharjan

Master's Projects

It is a challenge for Human Resource (HR) team to retain their existing employees than to hire a new one. For any company, losing their valuable employees is a loss in terms of time, money, productivity, and trust, etc. This loss could be possibly minimized if HR could beforehand find out their potential employees who are planning to quit their job hence, we investigated solving the employee churn problem through the machine learning perspective. We have designed machine learning models using supervised and classification-based algorithms like Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The models are trained with the IBM …

Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis Of Movie Reviews, Samuel Onalaja, Eric Romero, Bosang Yun

SMU Data Science Review

This study investigates a comparison of classification models used to determine aspect based separated text sentiment and predict binary sentiments of movie reviews with genre and aspect specific driving factors. To gain a broader classification analysis, five machine and deep learning algorithms were compared: Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Recurrent Neural Network Long-Short-Term Memory (RNN LSTM). The various movie aspects that are utilized to separate the sentences are determined through aggregating aspect words from lexicon-base, supervised and unsupervised learning. The driving factors are randomly assigned to various movie aspects and their impact tied to …

Reading Level Identification Using Natural Language Processing Techniques, William Arnost, Ellen Lull, Joseph Schueder, Joseph Engler

SMU Data Science Review

This paper investigates using the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) algorithm and lexical-syntactic features to measure readability. Readability is important in many disciplines, for functions such as selecting passages for school children, assessing the complexity of publications, and writing documentation. Text at an appropriate reading level will help make communication clear and effective. Readability is primarily measured using well-established statistical methods. Recent advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have had mixed success incorporating higher-level text features in a way that consistently beats established metrics. This paper contributes a readability method using a modern transformer technique and compares the results …

Alternative Methods For Deriving Emotion Metrics In The Spotify® Recommendation Algorithm, Ronald M. Sherga Jr., David Wei, Neil Benson, Faizan Javed

SMU Data Science Review

Spotify's® recommendation algorithm tailors music offerings to create a unique listening experience for each user. Though what this recommender does is highly impressive, there is always room for improvement given that these techniques are not fully prescient. This study posits that in addition to creating certain features based on audio analysis, incorporating new features derived from album art color as well as lyrical sentiment analysis may provide additional value to the end user. This team did not find that a significant difference existed between color valence and Spotify® valence; however, all other comparisons resulted in statistically significant difference of means …