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Sodium, Georgia C. Lauritzen, Kris Saunders

Archived Food and Health Publications

Publication discusses the health effects of sodium in the diet.

Utah Peaches, Georgia C. Lauritzen Ph. D.

Archived Food and Health Publications

Publication gives information on selecting, freezing, canning, drying, and consuming peaches.

The Fibers, Georgia C. Lauritzen Ph. D.

Archived Food and Health Publications

Publication gives information on the different types of fiber and how the body uses each of them. It also lists common foods that provide fiber for the body.

The Estimation Of Free Aluminium And The Competition Between Fluoride And Humate Anions For Aluminium, G. S.P. Ritchie, M. P. Nelson, M. G. Whitten

Food Science and Nutrition

Three equations for estimating the concentration of free aluminium, [Al³⁺], from the activity of free fluoride, (F^-), were compared to assess their suitability for estimating [Al³⁺] in acid soil solutions and in competition studies. We then studied the ability of humic acids to compete with F for Al by comparing the behaviour of the humic acids in the presence of F and Al with that of several carboxylic acids under the same conditions. All three methods of estimating [Al ] were limited in their applicability to acid soil solutions but were uitable for estimating …

Maternal Iron Parameters And Diet: Influence On Infant Iron Parameters And Development, Janet Bradshaw Anderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the dietary intake of pregnant women living in this geographical area, evaluate how their diets related to their iron status, how their nutrient intakes compared with other studies, and how their iron status and diet affected infant iron status and development, as assessed by the Bayley Scale of Infant Development.

The study involved 32 pregnant women who were between 8 to 14 weeks gestation and 20 to 35 years of age. They were followed through pregnancy and their infants were followed until three months of age.

Three-day dietary records, a …

The Bioavailability Of Iron From Meat, Spinach, Soy Protein Isolate, Meat:Spinach And Meat:Spi Mixtures Fed To Anemic And Healthy Rats, Dejia Zhang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of iron status and iron source on iron bioavailability using the rat model. Beef was proportionally mixed with spinach (Experiment I) or soy protein isolate (Experiment II) to test if meat enhances the absorption of iron from spinach or SPI. Five diets with the iron from meat:spinach (or SPI) ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 were prepared and fed to rats. FeS04 was used as a reference. Two trials of rats were used in Experiment I. In trial I, half of the rats were made severely iron deficient (Hb 6.3 …

Using Adaptive Conjoint Analysis And Market Simulations To Determine The Effect And Usefulness Of Nutrition Label Information In Consumer Purchase Decisions, Constance J. Geiger

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nutrition labeling research suggests consumers want nutrition information on the label; however, many do not comprehend it. The purpose of Phase I was to determine the effect of: 1. two levels of nutrition label formats; 2. three levels of nutrition information load on consumers' preference for product choice using adaptive conjoint analysis. A computer interactive interview was conducted on 252 consumers in Crossroads Mall, Salt Lake City, Utah. label alternatives were printed on soup cans to realistically portray the information. The conjoint analysis compared the attributes, nutrition information format, and nutrition information load in addition to brand and price and …

A Preliminary Evaluation Of Resin Extractable Molybdenum As A Soil Test, G. S.P. Ritchie

Food Science and Nutrition

Resin extractable Mo explained 72% of the variation in yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown on ten acid soils as measured by the relative yield of the tops or by the uptake of Mo by the youngest emerged blade.

Eat A Healthful Diet- An Absolute Cure, Georgia C. Lauritzen Ph.D

Archived Food and Health Publications

Publication gives tips and suggestions for eating a healthful diet.

Patricia K. Townsend's Review Of Leslie B. Marshall's Infant Care And Feeding In The South Pacific, Patricia K. Townsend

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Nutrition Myths And Misinformation, Charlotte P. Brennand

Archived Food and Health Publications

Publication discusses common myths involving nutrition. It also discusses what information to trust and what information to question.

Phosphorus Leaching In Sandy Soils. Ii. Laboratory Studies Of The Long-Term Effects Of The Phosphorus Source, D. M. Weaver, G. S.P. Ritchie, G. C. Anderson

Food Science and Nutrition

Long-term phosphorus (P) losses and gains in sandy soils continuously fertilized with either ordinary superphosphate or coastal superphosphate (a granulated mixture of superphosphate, rock phosphate and elemental sulfur) or previously fertilized with superphosphate were investigated under leaching conditions in columns in the laboratory. The soils were subjected to 10 consecutive cycles designed to simulate the mediterranean weather conditions in the Harvey region of the Coastal Plain of Western Australia. Each cycle consisted of a wet phase during which the equivalent of 850 mm of rainfall was leached through the soil and a drier phase during which the soil was incubated …

Phosphorus Leaching In Sandy Soils. I. Short-Term Effects Of Fertilizer Applications And Environmental Conditions, D. M. Weaver, G. S.P. Ritchie, G. C. Anderson, D. M. Deeley

Food Science and Nutrition

The consequences of previous as well as current environmental conditions and management practices on the potential for phosphorus (P) to be lost by drainage from sandy soils in the short term (< 1 year) were studied in the laboratory and the field. The potential for P losses by drainage was estimated by measuring soil solution P levels and rapidly released P. Rapidly released P was measured by determining the concentration of dissolved inorganic P contained in filtered (µm) soil solutions after incubating soil at saturation for 15 min at ambient temperature. In the laboratory, sandy soils were incubated with ordinary superphosphate, coastal superphosphate (a granulated mixture of equal parts of superphospate, rock phosphate and elemental sulfur) or lime-superphosphate (a lime-reverted superphosphate with 18% kiln dust) and sequentially desorbed with deionized water. The effects of the extent of leaching, fertilizer type, application rate and the time of contact with the soil on soil solution P levels were investigated. The influence of annual pasture death and summer rainfall on rapidly released P in soils that had been pre-treated by leaching were also investigated.

Phosphorus concentrations decreased logarithmically in the successive supernatants of the sequentially desorbed soils. More P was desorbed from soils incubated with superphosphate and lime-superphosphate than soil incubated with coastal superphosphate. At each level of pre-leaching, the P concentrations in the soil solution increased with increasing time. The level, to which the P concentration in the soil solution increased at each time, decreased with increased extent of pre-leaching. The …

Maternal And Umbilical Plasma Lipids Obtained During Elective Cesarean Section As Predictors Of Macrosomia In Diabetic Pregnancy, Dianne Greive Butler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Twenty-five pregnant women were recruited for this study as they presented for elective cesarean section at term. Comparison was made between 10 diabetic women and 15 nondiabetic women: 13 nondiabetic women with normal weight babies and six diabetic women with macrosomic babies. Radial artery, uterine vein, umbilical vein, and umbilical artery blood samples were analyzed in the fasting state for lipoprotein composition. Diabetic and diabetic-macrosomic infants had greater birth weight and skinfold measurements but not greater birth length.

It appears that higher triglyceride (TG) levels found A in diabetics (p=0.035) are transferred to the fetus more efficiently (p=0.009) than in …

Insulin And Glucagon Responses To Dietary Protein In Diabetic And Nondiabetic Men, Monica L. Blomstedt

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Five men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and fourteen nondiabetic men, were given test meals with soy protein, casein or additional carbohydrate in place of protein. Blood levels of insulin, glucagon, glucose and lipids were measured at fasting, one-half hour and two hours postprandial. To all meals, the nondiabetic subjects responded with a quick rise of the insulin level which decreased at two hours. In contrast, the diabetics showed a significantly lower insulin response at one-half hour (p < 0.05), but a tendency to higher levels at two hours. The same pattern was observed in the insulin to glucagon ratio. No significant difference between the meals was found in regard to insulin or glucagon responses, suggests that a sustained, although delayed postprandial insulin response, may be a precursor to the higher cholesterol and increased risk for cardiovascular disease among diabetics.

Effect Of Disulfiram On The Urinary Excretion Of The Serotonin Metabolites 5-Hydroxytryptophol And 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid In Problem Drinkers, Mark D. Harding

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Problem drinkers (N=7) were given 500mg disulfiram daily for one week. Urine was collected before and after disulfiram intake. 5-Hydroxytryptophol (5-HTOL) was determined by a modification of the method of Davis et al. and adapted to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an electrochemical detector setting of 0.75V. 5-Hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5- HIAA) was determined using the HPLC method of Shihabi et al. (1980). Urinary excretion of 5-HTOL in ug/gm creatinine before and after disulfiram was 25.4± 3.3 and 110.5± 27.1 respectively, p < 0.02. 5-HIAA in mg/gm creatinine before and after disulfiram was 4.9±0.9 and 3.6±0.8 respectively, p > 0.16. The data shows that disulfiram administration alters serotonin metabolism resulting in increased 5-HTOL which is known to increase …

An Analysis Of The Effects Of A Low Glycemic Diet On The Antisocial Behavior Of Juvenile Offenders, James Edward Longhurst

Dissertations

The objective of this study was to determine if a low glycemic diet contributes to a reduction in the incidence of antisocial behavior among male juvenile offenders.

One hundred forty juvenile offenders at a residential treatment center were randomly divided into treatment and nontreatment groups. The treatment group ate from a diet which contained foods low in glycemic characteristics. There was no dietary alteration for the control group.

Three instruments were used to measure differences between groups in antisocial behavior following a 5-week experimental period. These instruments include: (1) the Unusual Incident Report--a systematic and objective observer report form, (2) …

Vitamin A Status, Anthropometric Measurements, And Food Practices Of Women Of Childbearing Age And Their Preschool Children In Northeast Brazil, Susan Ahlstrom Henderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Vitamin A nutrition status was evaluated in 110 pairs of women and their preschool children at rural health posts in two different ecological regions of Northeast Brazil. Serum retinol and carotene, weight, height, tricep skinfold and mid-arm circumference were measured from each mother and child. Nutrition knowledge of mothers, socioeconomic living conditions and consumption of retinol and carotene food sources were assessed.

Nine children (8 percent) and one mother had less than acceptable serum retinol (less than 20 μg/dl). Additionally, 21 percent of the children and six percent of the mothers had "low" serum carotene levels. Thirty-seven percent and 57 …

Effects Of Starter Cultures On Short-To Medium-Chain Free Fatty Acid Content And Sensory Properties Of Mutton Summer Sausage, Robert M. Essiaw-Quayson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of starter cultures on short- to medium-chain free fatty acid contents am sensory attributes of different batches of summer sausages were determined. The summer sausages were from range ram mutton, and formulated after grinding to contain 23% fat. Commercial starter cultures from different sources, including Micrococcus varians or Micrococcus species and Lactobacillus plantarum, commercial microbial lipase, an indigenous Micrococcus isolate or encapsulated lactic acid were used to prepare the summer sausages. Three batches were made, each batch receiving six different treatments.

Three consumer panels evaluated the sausages for acceptability and a trained screened panel evaluated the products …

Effects Of Exercise And Cheese Supplemented Diet On Cholesterol And Lipoprotein Fractions In Free-Living Young Human Subjects, Kathleen A. Gabel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ten young adults were divided into an exercising group (n = 6) and sedentary group (n = 4). Smoking, ingestion of alcohol, drugs and oral contraceptives were prohibited during 9 weeks of study. Diets were prepared by university food service. Food consumed was recorded and nutrient intakes were assessed. Cheese was consumed in 84 to 112 gram portions every day for two separate 14 day periods. All other dairy products were prohibited in the diet except 240 ml of two percent milk per day. When cheese was consumed, daily diets contained ca 400 kcal, 100 mg cholesterol, and 700 mg …

Cholesterol-Lowering Of Pantethine Is Due To The Hydrolysis Product Cysteamine, Caran Graves

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Pantethine, a precursor of coenzyme A, has been shown to reduce serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The enzyme pantetheinase rapidly hydrolyzes pantethine to the vitamin pantothenic acid and the amino thiol cysteamine.

This study was designed to compare the effect of cysteamine and pantothenate supplementation with that of pantethine on hypercholesterolemic rabbits. New Zealand white rabbits were fed a 0.5% cholesterol diet for 5 weeks; treatment groups received only the high cholesterol diet (control), or a high cholesterol diet supplemented with 1% pantethine, or an equimolar amount of pantothenic acid or cystamine (the disulfide of cysteamine). Blood samples were …

Fluoride Content In Home-Canned Fruits In Utah, Sydney Ann Mcdonald

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not canning fruit using fluoridated water made a difference in the fluoride contents of the juice and the pulp. Four cities in Utah were chosen. Two cities were fluoridated (Brigham City and Helper) and two cities were not fluoridated (North Ogden and Price). Three homes were chosen within each city, and three jars of canned fruit (one jar each of apricots, cherries, and peaches) were selected from each home. The fruit samples were freeze-dried, and then the fluoride was measured with a fluoride ion electrode. A difference was found in …

Iron Bioavailability Of Meat:Bread Mixtures And Meat Loaves Fed To Anemic And Healthy Rats, Abdullah M. Thannoun

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

To study the effect of meat (beef) on dietary iron bioavailability from enriched white bread (EWB) or whole wheat bread (WWB), diets were prepared in which the ratios of beef iron to bread iron were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 or 0:100. Hemoglobin regeneration efficiency (HRE), apparent iron absorption, and dry matter absorption were determined using weanling anemic and healthy male rats.

Meat iron was more available than EWB or WWB. Fortification iron in EWB was less available than the iron naturally present in WWB. At the iron dose given, HRE was similar for both anemic and healthy rats. Although healthy …

Fasting Plasma Amino Acids In Relation To Serum Lipids In Human Male Subjects, Helen G. Mendiola

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The association of fasting plasma amino acids with serum lipids was studied in 23 healthy human male subjects with ages ranging from 31 to 62 years (45±9, mean± SD). There were 12 normocholesterolemic (serum cholesterol = 183±17 mg/dL) and 11 hypercholesterolemic (271±27 mg/dL) subjects. Venous blood samples were drawn three times at weekly intervals. Plasma amino acids were determined by ion-exchange chromatography, and serum cholesterol and triglycerides by enzymatic methods. Hypercholesterolemic subjects had significantly higher lysine and lower serine levels than normocholesterolemic subjects (p < .05). Serum cholesterol levels were positively correlated with plasma levels of lysine, ornithine and the lysine/arginine ratio (p < .04); and negatively correlated with phenylalanine and urea (p < .05). Serum triglyceride levels were positively correlated with plasma levels of lysine, glutamic acid, and valine (p <. 02); and negatively correlated with serine, glutamine, and asparagine (p < .04). These results add support to the hypothesis that specific plasma amino acids are associated with the metabolism of serum lipids.

The Effectiveness Of Lime-Based Amendments And Bauxite Residues At Removing Phosphorus From Piggery Effluent, D. M. Weaver, G. S. P. Ritchie

Food Science and Nutrition

Piggery effluent may contribute to the eutrophication of waterways, if it is not treated before disposal, because of high levels of phosphorus. Limes and red muds (a residue from bauxite refining) were used to remove phosphorus from piggery effluent (41 mg litre^-1 total P). Lime-based amendments were more effective than the red muds at removing phosphorus when compared at the same liquid: solid ratios. Based on laboratory data, the cost of treating effluent increased rapidly as the final required phosphorus concentration decreased to less than 4 mg litre^-1. Kiln dust was the cheapest amendment tested down to …

Analysing Feeds For Cattle, Sheep And Goats, D J. Barker

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The Department of Agriculture's Feed Evaluation Unit at Bunbury provides a service for farmers and allied industries on a fee-for-service basis, and conducts analyses for research officers, advisers and organisations such as the University ofWestern Australia. It also analyses feedstuffs for Departments of Agriculture in other States.

The Unit analyses about 5000 samples each year. The work load is high because no other laboratory in Western Australia provides the same service. Results are recorded on a computer which makes it easy t6o retrieve results of analyses of particular types of feedstuffs or froma particular owner or district.

Production From Heifers And First Calvers, G J. Sawyer

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Heifers and first calvers present the major problems of the beef breeding herd. Reproduction rates, calf growth and survival of first calvers are generally much poorer than those of adult breeders.

Early successful reproductive performance is important in beef herds because of the high overhead cost of keeping breeding beef heifers or cows, Where possible, beef producers should aim to join heifers at 14 to 15 months of age. To achieve this goal, producers should set production targets for those animals. These targets will differ from farm to farm depending on when calves are turned off and the seasonal feed …

Running Endurance In 27-Hour Fasted Humans, Kristin A. Carlson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Nine male marathon runners were exercised to exhaustion to determine the effects of a 27-hour fast on endurance performance. Each subject completed two exercise tests at 72% peak oxygen uptake (Vo₂max), one following a 27-hour fast and one three hours after a pre-exercise meal, in random order. Fasting caused a 44.7±5.8% (±SE) decrease in endurance performance (p2(9.3±2.0%), heart rate (8.4±2.4%), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and psychological fatigue, evident within the first 60 minutes of exercise. There was no difference in plasma glucose or epinephrine levels. Muscle glycogen degraded at the same rate (0.48±.15 vs 0.47±.28 u moles …

Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed Milk Or Beef Protein : Differences In Response To 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Carcinogenesis, Stanley W. L. Ng

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Colon cancer is responsible for a high percentage of cancer deaths in developing countries, and there is convincing epidemiological evidence that meat protein and fat in the diet increase the incidence of this form of cancer. An animal tumor model which has been used by many investigators interested in colon cancer is the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-rat or DMH-mouse tumor model. In previous work done in this laboratory the DMH-BALB/c mouse tumor model was used to compare the production of colon tumors in mice fed a diet using non-fat powdered milk as a source of protein with those in mice fed beef …

Relationship Between Dietary Intake And Reproductive Hormones In Premenopausal Vegetarian And Nonvegetarian Seventh-Day Adventist Women, Joan M. Spuehler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

There is evidence that specific nutrients may modify hormonal balance and contribute to breast cancer etiology. To investigate the relationship between dietary nutrients and plasma reproductive hormones and to determine hormone-nutrient interrelationships, we measured plasma estrogens, androgens. progesterone and prolactin levels in 10 premenopausal Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) vegetarian and 10 premenopausal SDA nonvegetarian women. Over three days in each of three consecutive months. diet records and fasting midluteal blood samples were collected. The nonvegetarians consumed significantly more protein, total and saturated fats, oleic and linoleic acids, and cholesterol than did the vegetarians. Hormonal status of the two groups did not …