Digital Commons Network^™

[Dataset] Comparison Of Intermittent Fasting And Voluntary Wheel Running On Physical And Cognitive Abilities In High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats, Chaya Gopalan, Paige Niepoetter, Carolyn Butts-Wilmsmeyer, Sai Medavaka, Avery Ogle, Sheyenne Daughrity, Elizabeth Hackmann, Saruveish Mogan, Oskar Lenz

Applied Health Faculty Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity

Regular physical activity is a proven routine for weight management in addressing obesity. Another method that has gained attention for its health benefits is intermittent fasting (IF). Physical and cognitive abilities while on these routines are poorly understood in the obese population. Sixty-five male Sprague Dawley rats at 7 weeks of age were subjected to diet-induced obesity by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) or a standard diet (SD) for 8 weeks, after which behavioral testing was performed to detect any changes in physical and cognitive abilities. Rats from the HFD-fed (now considered obese) and SD-fed groups were then subjected to …

Elongation Of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids-3 (Elovl3) Is Activated By Zhx2 And Is A Regulator Of Cell Cycle Progression, Kate Townsend Creasy, Hui Ren, Jieyun Jiang, Martha L. Peterson, Brett T. Spear

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 (Zhx2) are transcriptional regulators of liver gene expression with key functions in embryonic development as well as tissue regeneration in response to damage and disease, presumably through its control of target genes. Previous microarray data suggested that elongation of very long chain fatty acids-3 (Elovl3), a member of the ELOVL family of enzymes that synthesize very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), is a putative Zhx2 target gene. VLCFAs are core component of ceramides and other bioactive sphingolipids that are often dysregulated in diseases and regulate key cellular processes including proliferation. Since several previously identified Zhx2 …

Ignoring Clustering And Nesting Effects Are Invalid Analysis Choices In A Trial With Clustered Data In Trials Testing Causal Effects Re: "Impact Of A Montessori-Based Nutrition Program On Children's Knowledge And Eating Behaviors", Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Colby J Vorland, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Deborah H Glueck, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Vitale and Coccia conducted a study to examine the effects of a nutrition education program among school children, and reported statistically significant between-group effects for nutrition knowledge and liking tomatoes. In the study blocks of classrooms were assigned to the study conditions. Thus, with children nested within classrooms, and classrooms nested within blocks, the study has a two-level design, and block is the independent sampling unit. The analysis of the study must account for the two levels of clustering, but it did not. This render the conclusions reported in the paper unsubstantiated. For correcting the scientific record, reanalysis of the …

Inaccurate Confidence Intervals Reported In “The Healthy Kids & Families Study: Outcomes Of A 24-Month Childhood Obesity Prevention Intervention”, Xingsheng Li, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Stephanie L Dickinson, Theodore K Kyle, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Expert Panel Curation Of 113 Primary Mitochondrial Disease Genes For The Leigh Syndrome Spectrum, Elizabeth M Mccormick, Kierstin Keller, Julie P Taylor, Alison J Coffey, Lishuang Shen, Danuta Krotoski, Brian Harding, Xiaowu Gai, Marni J Falk, Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham, Shamima Rahman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are heterogeneous disorders caused by inherited mitochondrial dysfunction. Classically defined neuropathologically as subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, Leigh syndrome spectrum (LSS) is the most frequent manifestation of PMD in children, but may also present in adults. A major challenge for accurate diagnosis of LSS in the genomic medicine era is establishing gene-disease relationships (GDRs) for this syndrome with >100 monogenic causes across both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.

Methods: The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Mitochondrial Disease Gene Curation Expert Panel (GCEP), comprising 40 international PMD experts, met monthly for 4 years to review GDRs for LSS. The GCEP …

Suspected Bronchiectasis And Mortality In Adults With A History Of Smoking Who Have Normal And Impaired Lung Function : A Cohort Study, Alejandro A Diaz, Wei Wang, Jose L Orejas, Rim Elalami, Wojciech R Dolliver, Pietro Nardelli, Ruben San José Estépar, Bina Choi, Carrie L Pistenmaa, James C Ross, Diego J Maselli, Andrew Yen, Kendra A Young, Gregory L Kinney, Michael H Cho, Raul San José Estépar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Bronchiectasis in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with greater mortality. However, whether suspected bronchiectasis-defined as incidental bronchiectasis on computed tomography (CT) images plus clinical manifestation-is associated with increased mortality in adults with a history of smoking with normal spirometry and preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is unknown.

Objective: To determine the association between suspected bronchiectasis and mortality in adults with normal spirometry, PRISm, and obstructive spirometry.

Design: Prospective, observational cohort.

Setting: The COPDGene (Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) study.

Participants: 7662 non-Hispanic Black or White adults, aged 45 to 80 years, with 10 …

Risk Factors For Overweight And Obesity After Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia In North America And Switzerland: A Comparison Of Two Cohort Studies, Fabiën N Belle, Christina Schindera, Marc Ansari, Gregory T Armstrong, Maja Beck-Popovic, Rebecca Howell, Wendy M Leisenring, Lillian R Meacham, Jochen Rössler, Ben D Spycher, Emily Tonorezos, Nicolas X Von Der Weid, Yutaka Yasui, Kevin C Oeffinger, Claudia E Kuehni

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: After childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), sequelae include overweight and obesity, yet with conflicting evidence. We compared the prevalence of overweight and obesity between ≥5-year ALL survivors from the North American Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) and the Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (SCCSS) and described risk factors.

Methods: We included adult childhood ALL survivors diagnosed between 1976 and 1999. We matched CCSS participants (3:1) to SCCSS participants by sex and attained age. We calculated body mass index (BMI) from self-reported height and weight for 1287 CCSS and 429 SCCSS participants; we then compared those with siblings (2034) in …

Baseline Psychosocial, Environmental, Health, And Behavioral Correlates Of 1- And 3-Year Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery, Ming Ji, Sonya L Negriff, Jeff M Slezak, Brianna L Taylor, Silvia R Paz, Bhumi B Bhakta, Mayra Macias, David E Arterburn, Cecelia L Crawford, Adam Drewnowski, Kristina H Lewis, Darren D Moore, Sameer B Murali, Deborah R Young, Karen J Coleman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Weight loss surgery is an effective, long-term treatment for severe obesity but individual response to surgery varies widely. The purpose of this study was to test a comprehensive theoretical model of factors that may be correlated with the greatest surgical weight loss at 1-3 years following surgery. Such a model would help determine what predictive factors to measure when patients are preparing for surgery that may ensure the best weight outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Bariatric Experience Long Term (BELONG) study collected self-reported and medical record-based baseline information as correlates of 1- and 3-year % total weight loss (TWL) …

The Emerging Importance Of Mitochondria In White Adipocytes: Neither Last Nor Least, Juan Cai, Fenfen Wang, Mengle Shao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The growing recognition of mitochondria's crucial role in the regulation of white adipose tissue remodeling and energy balance underscores its significance. The marked metabolic diversity of mitochondria provides the molecular and cellular foundation for enabling adipose tissue plasticity in response to various metabolic cues. Effective control of mitochondrial function at the cellular level, not only in thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes but also in energy-storing white adipocytes, exerts a profound influence on adipose homeostasis. Furthermore, mitochondria play a pivotal role in intercellular communication within adipose tissue via production of metabolites with signaling properties. A more comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial regulation …

The Influence Of Baseline Sleep On Exercise-Induced Cognitive Change In Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults: A Randomised Clinical Trial, Kelsey R. Sewell, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Jeremiah Peiffer, Hamid R. Sohrabi, James Doecke, Natalie J. Frost, Shaun J. Markovic, Kirk Erickson, Belinda M. Brown

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: Observational studies consistently demonstrate that physical activity is associated with elevated cognitive function, however, there remains significant heterogeneity in cognitive outcomes from randomized exercise interventions. Individual variation in sleep behaviours may be a source of variability in the effectiveness of exercise-induced cognitive change, however this has not yet been investigated. The current study aimed to (1) investigate the influence of a 6-month exercise intervention on sleep, assessed pre- and post-intervention and, (2) investigate whether baseline sleep measures moderate exercise-induced cognitive changes. Methods: We utilised data from the Intense Physical Activity and Cognition (IPAC) study (n = 89), a 6-month …

The Pre-Adaptation Of A Stroke-Specific Self-Management Program Among Older Adults, Timothy Reistetter, Kimberly Hreha, Julianna M Dean, Monique R Pappadis, Rachel R Deer, Chih-Ying Li, Ickpyo Hong, Annalisa Na, Sara Nowakowski, Hashem M Shaltoni, Suresh K Bhavnani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives:

Managing multimorbidity as aging stroke patients is complex; standard self-management programs necessitate adaptations. We used visual analytics to examine complex relationships among aging stroke survivors’ comorbidities. These findings informed pre-adaptation of a component of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program.

Methods:

Secondary analysis of 2013–2014 Medicare claims with stroke as an index condition, hospital readmission within 90 days (n=42,938), and 72 comorbidities. Visual analytics identified patient subgroups and co-occurring comorbidities. Guided by the framework for reporting adaptations and modifications to evidence-based interventions (FRAME), an interdisciplinary team developed vignettes that highlighted multimorbidity to customize the self-management program.

Results:

There were five …

Bioimpedance Analysis Predicts The Etiology Of Cirrhosis In A Prospective Cohort Study, Hashem B El-Serag, Ghida Akhdar, Aaron P Thrift, Michelle Luster, Saira Khaderi, Abeer Alsarraj, Hao Duong, Fasiha Kanwal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing cirrhosis. However, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) may not be indicative of body composition parameters that predispose to cirrhosis. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is a noninvasive cost-efficient method for more detailed estimation of body composition.

METHODS: We examined patients with cirrhosis who underwent BIA as part of enrollment into a prospective cohort study. We examined the correlation between BIA variables, BMI, and WHR. We performed sex-adjusted and race-adjusted and race-specific multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine the association between anthropometric variables and risk factors [NAFLD, alcohol-associated liver disease …

Diagnosis Of Chronic Pancreatitis Using Semi-Quantitative Mri Features Of The Pancreatic Parenchyma: Results From The Multi-Institutional Minimap Study, Temel Tirkes, Dhiraj Yadav, Darwin L Conwell, Paul R Territo, Xuandong Zhao, Scott A Persohn, Anil K Dasyam, Zarine K Shah, Sudhakar K Venkatesh, Naoki Takahashi, Ashley Wachsman, Liang Li, Yan Li, Stephen J Pandol, Walter G Park, Santhi Swaroop Vege, Phil A Hart, Mark Topazian, Dana K Andersen, Evan L Fogel, Consortium For The Study Of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, Pancreatic Cancer (Cpdpc)

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic performance of parenchymal MRI features differentiating CP from controls.

Methods: This prospective study performed abdominal MRI scans at seven institutions, using 1.5 T Siemens and GE scanners, in 50 control and 51 definite CP participants, from February 2019 to May 2021. MRI parameters included the T1-weighted signal intensity ratio of the pancreas (T1 score), arterial-to-venous enhancement ratio (AVR) during venous and delayed phases, pancreas volume, and diameter. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of these parameters individually and two semi-quantitative MRI scores derived using logistic regression: SQ-MRI Model A (T1 score, AVR venous, and tail diameter) …

Dietary Intake And Quality Among Stroke Survivors: Nhanes 1999-2018, Erika R Zoellner, Mindy A Patterson, Anjail Z Sharrief, Sean I Savitz, Wesley J Tucker, Derek C Miketinas

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Nutrition is an important modifiable risk factor for prevention and treatment of stroke. However, examination of nutrient intake and diet quality in stroke survivors is limited.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate usual nutrient intake and diet quality in US adults with and without a history of self-reported stroke.

Methods: Using US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018, we analyzed demographics, health history, and dietary intake data in 1626 individuals with a history of stroke matched for age, gender, and survey cycle to respective controls (n=1621) with no history of stroke. A minimum of …

Circulating Short Chain Fatty Acids And Fatigue In Patients With Head And Neck Cancer: A Longitudinal Prospective Study, Canhua Xiao, Veronika Fedirko, Henry Claussen, H Richard Johnston, Gang Peng, Sudeshna Paul, Kristal M Maner-Smith, Kristin A Higgins, Dong M Shin, Nabil F Saba, Evanthia C Wommack, Deborah W Bruner, Andrew H Miller

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Fatigue among patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) has been associated with higher inflammation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between SCFAs and fatigue among patients with HNC undergoing treatment with radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy. Plasma SCFAs and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 were collected prior to and one month after the completion of treatment in 59 HNC patients. The genome-wide gene expression profile was obtained from blood leukocytes prior to treatment. Lower butyrate concentrations were significantly associated with higher fatigue (p = …

The Role Of Alcohol Extract Of Cranberry In Improving Serum Indices Of Experimental Metaproterenol-Induced Heart Damage In Rats, Kimia Salmasi, Ali Hassanpour, Bahram Amouoghli Tabrizi, Sina Moghaddam

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Cranberry offers numerous cardiovascular benefits. According to several studies, this fruit promotes the oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein, enhances high‐density lipoprotein, reduces platelet coagulation, and improves vascular activity. Albino male rats were divided into five groups (n = 5 per group). The control group received intraperitoneal administration of normal saline. The second group was injected with metaproterenol (MET) 3 days a week for 4 weeks. The third, fourth, and fifth groups were given cranberry extract in doses of 75, 100, and 150, respectively, along with heart‐damaging drugs. Blood samples were collected and sent to the laboratory on the fourth weekend …

Human Intestinal Organoids As Models To Study Enteric Bacteria And Viruses, Grace Adeniyi-Ipadeola, Hephzibah Nwanosike, Sasirekha Ramani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Laboratory studies of host-microbe interactions have historically been carried out using transformed cell lines and animal models. Although much has been learned from these models, recent advances in the development of multicellular, physiologically active, human intestinal organoid (HIO) cultures are allowing unprecedented discoveries of host-microbe interactions. Here, we review recent literature using HIOs as models to investigate the pathogenesis of clinically important enteric bacteria and viruses and study commensal intestinal microbes. We also discuss limitations of current HIO culture systems and how technical advances and innovative engineering approaches are providing new directions to improve the model. The studies discussed here …

Obesity Paradox Or Hypoxia Preconditioning: How Obstructive Sleep Apnea Modifies The Obesity-Mi Relationship, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Ritwick Agrawal, Vijay Nambi, Ahmed Bahammam, Javad Razjouyan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea on acute MI in hospital mortality.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study utilized Veterans Health Administration data from years 1999-2020. Participants were categorized according to their body mass index (BMI) to non-obese (BMI

RESULTS: Among 72,036 veterans with acute-MI hospitalization, individuals with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OB-SA) had the lowest in-hospital mortality rate (1.0%) compared to those without obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (nOB-nSA, 2.8%), with obesity but without obstructive sleep apnea (OB-nSA, 2.4%), and with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (nOB-SA, 1.4%). …

Guidelines On Cholangioscopy For Indeterminate Biliary Strictures: One Step Closer To Consensus, Fares Ayoub, Mohamed O Othman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Differentiates Subgroups Of Ketosis-Prone Diabetes, Deborah Osafehinti, Surya N Mulukutla, Christiane S Hampe, Ruchi Gaba, Nalini Ram, Michael N Weedon, Richard A Oram, Ashok Balasubramanyam

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D) differentiates the four Aβ subgroups of ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD), where A+ and A- define the presence or absence of islet autoantibodies and β+ and β- define the presence or absence of β-cell function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We compared T1D genetic risk scores (GRS) of patients with KPD across subgroups, race/ethnicity, β-cell function, and glycemia.

RESULTS: Among 426 patients with KPD (54% Hispanic, 31% African American, 11% White), rank order of GRS was A+β- > A+β+ = A-β- > A-β+. GRS of A+β- KPD was lower than that of a T1D …

Heart Failure Epidemiology And Outcomes Statistics: A Report Of The Heart Failure Society Of America, Biykem Bozkurt, Tariq Ahmad, Kevin M Alexander, William L Baker, Kelly Bosak, Khadijah Breathett, Gregg C Fonarow, Paul Heidenreich, Jennifer E Ho, Eileen Hsich, Nasrien E Ibrahim, Lenette M Jones, Sadiya S Khan, Prateeti Khazanie, Todd Koelling, Harlan M Krumholz, Kiran K Khush, Christopher Lee, Alanna A Morris, Robert L Page, Ambarish Pandey, Mariann R Piano, Josef Stehlik, Lynne Warner Stevenson, John R Teerlink, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Boback Ziaeian, Writing Committee Members

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

A Retrospective Review Of Social Deprivation Index And Maternal Outcomes With Placenta Accreta Spectrum From A Single Referral Center, Alison N Goulding, Karin A Fox, Christina C Reed, Bahram Salmanian, Alireza A Shamshirsaz, Kjersti M Aagaard

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective

Little is known about how community characteristics influence placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) outcomes. Our objective was to evaluate whether adverse maternal outcomes among pregnant people (gravidae) with PAS delivering at a single referral center differ by community-level measures of social deprivation.

Study Design

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of singleton gravidae with histopathology confirmed PAS delivering from January 2011 to June 2021 at a referral center. Data abstraction collected relevant patient information, including resident zip code, which was linked to Social Deprivation Index (SDI) score (a measure of area-level social deprivation). SDI scores were divided into quartiles for …

Second International Consensus Report On Gaps And Opportunities For The Clinical Translation Of Precision Diabetes Medicine, Deirdre K Tobias, Jordi Merino, Abrar Ahmad, Catherine Aiken, Jamie L Benham, Dhanasekaran Bodhini, Amy L Clark, Kevin Colclough, Rosa Corcoy, Sara J Cromer, Daisy Duan, Jamie L Felton, Ellen C Francis, Pieter Gillard, Véronique Gingras, Romy Gaillard, Eram Haider, Alice Hughes, Jennifer M Ikle, Laura M Jacobsen, Anna R Kahkoska, Jarno L T Kettunen, Raymond J Kreienkamp, Lee-Ling Lim, Jonna M E Männistö, Robert Massey, Niamh-Maire Mclennan, Rachel G Miller, Mario Luca Morieri, Jasper Most, Rochelle N Naylor, Bige Ozkan, Kashyap Amratlal Patel, Scott J Pilla, Katsiaryna Prystupa, Sridharan Raghavan, Mary R Rooney, Martin Schön, Zhila Semnani-Azad, Magdalena Sevilla-Gonzalez, Pernille Svalastoga, Wubet Worku Takele, Claudia Ha-Ting Tam, Anne Cathrine B Thuesen, Mustafa Tosur, Amelia S Wallace, Caroline C Wang, Jessie J Wong, Jennifer M Yamamoto, Katherine Young, Chloé Amouyal, Mette K Andersen, Maxine P Bonham, Mingling Chen, Feifei Cheng, Tinashe Chikowore, Sian C Chivers, Christoffer Clemmensen, Dana Dabelea, Adem Y Dawed, Aaron J Deutsch, Laura T Dickens, Linda A Dimeglio, Monika Dudenhöffer-Pfeifer, Carmella Evans-Molina, María Mercè Fernández-Balsells, Hugo Fitipaldi, Stephanie L Fitzpatrick, Stephen E Gitelman, Mark O Goodarzi, Jessica A Grieger, Marta Guasch-Ferré, Nahal Habibi, Torben Hansen, Chuiguo Huang, Arianna Harris-Kawano, Heba M Ismail, Benjamin Hoag, Randi K Johnson, Angus G Jones, Robert W Koivula, Aaron Leong, Gloria K W Leung, Ingrid M Libman, Kai Liu, S Alice Long, William L Lowe, Robert W Morton, Ayesha A Motala, Suna Onengut-Gumuscu, James S Pankow, Maleesa Pathirana, Sofia Pazmino, Dianna Perez, John R Petrie, Camille E Powe, Alejandra Quinteros, Rashmi Jain, Debashree Ray, Mathias Ried-Larsen, Zeb Saeed, Vanessa Santhakumar, Sarah Kanbour, Sudipa Sarkar, Gabriela S F Monaco, Denise M Scholtens, Elizabeth Selvin, Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu, Cate Speake, Maggie A Stanislawski, Nele Steenackers, Andrea K Steck, Norbert Stefan, Julie Støy, Rachael Taylor, Sok Cin Tye, Gebresilasea Gendisha Ukke, Marzhan Urazbayeva, Bart Van Der Schueren, Camille Vatier, John M Wentworth, Wesley Hannah, Sara L White, Gechang Yu, Yingchai Zhang, Shao J Zhou, Jacques Beltrand, Michel Polak, Ingvild Aukrust, Elisa De Franco, Sarah E Flanagan, Kristin A Maloney, Andrew Mcgovern, Janne Molnes, Mariam Nakabuye, Pål Rasmus Njølstad, Hugo Pomares-Millan, Michele Provenzano, Cécile Saint-Martin, Cuilin Zhang, Yeyi Zhu, Sungyoung Auh, Russell De Souza, Andrea J Fawcett, Chandra Gruber, Eskedar Getie Mekonnen, Emily Mixter, Diana Sherifali, Robert H Eckel, John J Nolan, Louis H Philipson, Rebecca J Brown, Liana K Billings, Kristen Boyle, Tina Costacou, John M Dennis, Jose C Florez, Anna L Gloyn, Maria F Gomez, Peter A Gottlieb, Siri Atma W Greeley, Kurt Griffin, Andrew T Hattersley, Irl B Hirsch, Marie-France Hivert, Korey K Hood, Jami L Josefson, Soo Heon Kwak, Lori M Laffel, Siew S Lim, Ruth J F Loos, Ronald C W Ma, Chantal Mathieu, Nestoras Mathioudakis, James B Meigs, Shivani Misra, Viswanathan Mohan, Rinki Murphy, Richard Oram, Katharine R Owen, Susan E Ozanne, Ewan R Pearson, Wei Perng, Toni I Pollin, Rodica Pop-Busui, Richard E Pratley, Leanne M Redman, Maria J Redondo, Rebecca M Reynolds, Robert K Semple, Jennifer L Sherr, Emily K Sims, Arianne Sweeting, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Miriam S Udler, Kimberly K Vesco, Tina Vilsbøll, Robert Wagner, Stephen S Rich, Paul W Franks

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Precision medicine is part of the logical evolution of contemporary evidence-based medicine that seeks to reduce errors and optimize outcomes when making medical decisions and health recommendations. Diabetes affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, many of whom will develop life-threatening complications and die prematurely. Precision medicine can potentially address this enormous problem by accounting for heterogeneity in the etiology, clinical presentation and pathogenesis of common forms of diabetes and risks of complications. This second international consensus report on precision diabetes medicine summarizes the findings from a systematic evidence review across the key pillars of precision medicine (prevention, diagnosis, treatment, …

Plasma Amino Acid Signatures Define Types Of Pediatric Diabetes, Mustafa Tosur, Jean W Hsu, Saima Deen, Xiaofan Huang, Danielle Guffey, Serife Uysal, Marcela Astudillo, Maria J Redondo, Farook Jahoor, Ashok Balasubramanyam

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Metabolic biomarkers with pathophysiological relevance is lacking in pediatric diabetes. We aimed to identify novel metabolic biomarkers in pediatric type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesized that (1) targeted plasma metabolomics, focused on plasma amino acid concentrations, could identify distinctively altered patterns in children with T1D or T2D, and (2) there are specific changes in concentrations of metabolites related to branch chain amino acids (BCAA) and arginine metabolism in children with T2D.

METHODS: In a pilot study, we enrolled children with T1D (n = 15) and T2D (n = 13), and healthy controls (n …

Pediatric Drug-Associated Pancreatitis Reveals Concomitant Risk Factors And Poor Reliability Of Causality Scoring: Report From Insppire, Veronique D Morinville, Sohail Z Husain, Fuchenchu Wang, Gretchen A Cress, Maisam Abu-El-Haija, Ankur Chugh, Elissa Downs, Kate Ellery, Douglas S Fishman, Alvin Jay Freeman, Cheryl E Gariepy, Matthew Giefer, Tanja Gonska, Quin Liu, Asim Maqbool, Jacob Mark, Brian Arthur Mcferron, Megha Mehta, Jaimie D Nathan, Ken Ng, Chee Y Ooi, Emily Perito, Wenly Ruan, Sarah Jane Schwarzenberg, Zachary M Sellers, Jose Serrano, David M Troendle, Michael Wilschanski, Yuhua Zheng, Ying Yuan, Mark Lowe, Aliye Uc, Consortium For The Study Of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes And Pancreatic Cancer (Cpdpc)

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: Drug-associated acute pancreatitis (DAP) studies typically focus on single acute pancreatitis (AP) cases. We aimed to analyze the (1) characteristics, (2) co-risk factors, and (3) reliability of the Naranjo scoring system for DAP using INSPPIRE-2 (the INternational Study group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE-2) cohort study of acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) in children.

METHODS: Data were obtained from ARP group with ≥1 episode of DAP and CP group with medication exposure ± DAP. Physicians could report multiple risk factors. Pancreatitis associated with Medication (Med) (ARP+CP) was compared to Non-Medication cases, and ARP-Med …

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia – Associated Pulmonary Hypertension: An Updated Review, Ahmed El-Saie, Nidhy P Varghese, Melissa K Webb, Natalie Villafranco, Bheru Gandhi, Milenka Cuevas Guaman, Binoy Shivanna

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the leading cause of chronic lung disease in infants and the commonest complication of prematurity. Advances in respiratory and overall neonatal care have increased the survival of extremely low gestational age newborns, leading to the continued high incidence of BPD. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents the severe form of the pulmonary vascular disease associated with BPD, and affects almost one-third of infants with moderate to severe BPD. PH responds suboptimally to pulmonary vasodilators and increases morbidity and mortality in BPD infants. An up-to-date knowledge of the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of BPD-PH can be helpful …

Associations Between Metabolomic Biomarkers Of Avocado Intake And Glycemia In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Alexis C Wood, Mark O Goodarzi, Mackenzie K Senn, Meghana D Gadgil, Goncalo Graca, Matthew A Allison, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Michael Y Mi, Philip Greenland, Timothy Ebbels, Paul Elliott, Russell P Tracy, David M Herrington, Jerome I Rotter

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Avocado consumption is linked to better glucose homeostasis, but small associations suggest potential population heterogeneity. Metabolomic data capture the effects of food intake after digestion and metabolism, thus accounting for individual differences in these processes.

OBJECTIVES: To identify metabolomic biomarkers of avocado intake and to examine their associations with glycemia.

METHODS: Baseline data from 6224 multi-ethnic older adults (62% female) included self-reported avocado intake, fasting glucose and insulin, and untargeted plasma proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic features (metabolomic data were available for a randomly selected subset; N = 3438). Subsequently, incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) was assessed over an …

Unveiling Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Fractures And Related Complications In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Concise Review, Palanikumar Balasundaram, Michelle H Lucena, Lan Jiang, Suhas Nafday

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) have become popular over tunneled catheters in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) due to their ease of use and convenience. Although rare, a PICC fracture can be a severe and potentially fatal complication. This narrative review aims to identify factors predisposing neonates to PICC fracture and related complications, such as catheter jamming, and explore strategies for preventing and detecting this complication. A thorough search of PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted using relevant keywords to identify articles discussing PICC fracture in neonates. The review encompassed English-language literature on PICC fracture in neonates, with additional pertinent …

The 2017 American College Of Cardiology/American Heart Association Hypertension Guideline And Blood Pressure In Older Adults, Michael C Wang, Lucia C Petito, Lindsay R Pool, Kathryn Foti, Stephen P Juraschek, John W Mcevoy, Vijay Nambi, Mercedes R Carnethon, Erin D Michos, Sadiya S Khan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association blood pressure guideline redefined hypertension and lowered the blood pressure treatment target. Empirical data on the guideline's impact are needed.

Methods: Data were analyzed from Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants who attended baseline pre-guideline (2016-2017) and post-guideline (2018-2019) visits with baseline systolic blood pressure between 120 and 159 mmHg. Participants were grouped according to baseline systolic blood pressure by change in classification under the new guideline as follows: not reclassified (120-129 mmHg), reclassified to Stage 1 hypertension (130-139 mmHg), and reclassified to Stage 2 hypertension (140-159 mmHg). Means and 95% …

Vadadustat For Treatment Of Anemia In Patients With Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis, Mark J Sarnak, Rajiv Agarwal, Neil Boudville, Pradip C P Chowdhury, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Carlos R Gonzalez, Laura A Kooienga, Mark J Koury, Kwabena A Ntoso, Wenli Luo, Patrick S Parfrey, Dennis L Vargo, Wolfgang C Winkelmayer, Zhiqun Zhang, Glenn M Chertow

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors such as vadadustat may provide an oral alternative to injectable erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for treating anemia in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. In two randomized (1:1), global, phase 3, open-label, sponsor-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled noninferiority trials in patients with dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (INNO2VATE), vadadustat was noninferior to darbepoetin alfa with respect to cardiovascular safety and hematological efficacy. Vadadustat's effects in patients receiving only peritoneal dialysis is unclear.

METHODS: We conducted a post hoc analysis of patients in the INNO2VATE trials receiving peritoneal dialysis at baseline. The prespecified primary safety endpoint was time to first major cardiovascular …