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A Special Case Of Second Language Acquisition: Nthla, Naomi Gurevich

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

In investigating the process of language acquisition, researchers differentiate between the acquisition of a learner’s native language (L1) and non-native language. Second Language Acquisition (SLA) has traditionally come to mean any language learned by an individual after the L1. Some researchers have started distinguishing between monolinguals acquiring a second language (2ndLA) and bi- or multi-linguals acquiring another language (NthLA). It is claimed that having undergone the language acquisition process once, multilingual individuals approach this task with a more universal understanding of the rules and forms of language. A review of four studies shows aspects of how NthLA is different from …

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 44, No. 2, Susan Kalcik, June Granatir Alexander, M. Mark Stolarik, Corinne Earnest, Klaus Stopp, Jobie E. Riley

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• Fortune's Stepchildren: Slovaks in Pennsylvania
• Slovak Churches: Religious Diversity and Ethnic Communities
• Slovak Fraternal-Benefit Societies in Pennsylvania
• Early Fraktur Referring to Birth and Baptism in Pennsylvania: A Taufpatenbrief from Berks County for a Child Born in 1751
• The Solitary Sisters of Saron

Madija Predicates, Pamela S. Wright

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

This article examines several previously-unexplained aspects of verbal morphology and syntax in Madija, an Arauan language spoken in Peru and Brazil. These include the distribution of an auxiliary verb which occurs with some predicates but not with others, the factors determining the choice among three different affixes marking third person agreement, and three different affixes indicating a plural subject.

Using the framework of Relational Grammar, a unified analysis of Madija predicate classes and verbal morphology can be given. This provides further evidence for such proposals as the Unaccusative Hypothesis, Postal's proposed analysis for antipassive, the analysis of impersonal constructions as …

Laryngeal Licensing And Syllable Well-Formedness In Quiegolani Zapotec, Cheryl A. Black

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

A number of the complex onset clusters allowed in Quiegolani Zapotec do not follow the Sonority Sequencing Generalization (Greenberg 1978, Selkirk 1984, etc). The distribution of the laryngeal features likewise does not follow the Laryngeal Constraint (Lombardi 1991, 1995a). These recalcitrant facts are analyzed here via a combination of language-specific rules and universal constraints ordered within a constraint hierarchy, which operates within a derivational phonology.

Language Typology And Reconstruction: The Prenasalized Stops Of Kisi, George Tucker Childs

Applied Linguistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The findings of language typologists can contribute to understanding synchronic variation where no diachronic facts are available. By establishing what happens universally, one can extrapolate as to the past and perhaps as to the future of a language on the basis of synchronic evidence. One approach within such a framework concentrates on a typologically unusual or marked feature on the assumption that its derivation may be established from less highly marked features. This paper discusses the typologically unusual prenasalized stops of Kisi, a Mel language belonging to the Southern Branch of (West) Atlantic. The approach adopted here is based on …

On Root Structure And The Destiny Of The Latin Second Conjugation, S. Davis, Donna Jo Napoli

Linguistics Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Structural Ambiguities And Written Advertisements: An Inventory Of Tools For More Resourceful Advertisements In English, Dallin D. Oaks

Faculty Publications

Competent writers usually avoid ambiguity, but there are some types of writing tasks such as advertising in which a writer might actually want to create ambiguous wordplays. Among the most interesting of the wordplays are those which involve structural ambiguities. In the natural course of brainstorming, advertisers will occasionally generate structural ambiguities, but a more conscious understanding of the structure of a language could make the generation of such ambiguities easier. The English language contains some characteristics and patterns which contribute significantly toward creating structural ambiguities. And if ad writers know where to focus their attention, structurally ambiguous wordplays can …

The Psychological Relevance Of Phonological Generalizations In Spanish: An Experiment, David Eddington

Faculty Publications

A psycholinguistic experiment aids in determining if the phonological generalizations which appear in the literature on Spanish phonology are psychologically significant for Spanish speakers. The experiment focuses on whether common phonological alternations play a role in native speakers' perceptions of whether two words share a morpheme. The results indicate that they are a significant factor in speakers' perceptions of morphemic relatedness. Therefore, these findings provide some evidence that these phonological generalizations are psychologically valid, and not merely descriptive in nature.

Quechua Texts Of Perception, Janis B. Nuckolls

Faculty Publications

Recent work by anthropologists, folklorists, and semioticians has made significant strides in our understanding of the dynamics and poetics of spoken utterances. Such work has been motivated, generally, by the goal of understanding verbal expression in terms of its own unique structures and expressive modalities. The following paper will contribute to this line of inquiry. It offers an analysis of a form of expression, sound symbolism, that is widely used by people whose languages have not been written down. The main advantage of this analysis is that it rescues sound symbolism from the irrational abyss into which it has often …

Teaching English Communicatively In China - Educating Teachers Is Not Enough., Bernard Hird

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

The extent to which the communicative language teaching approach is a relevant and viable methodology for English language teachers to use in China is an issue that has generated considerable interest in recent years. The conclusions drawn in this article are based on experiences of teaching in an in-service course for senior middle-school teachers of English in Hangzhou, China. The paper suggests that the communicative approach does have a role in English language teaching in China but that aspects of the approach need to be applied selectively and with caution. Some of the reasons for this stem from the nature …

Desperately Seeking Science, Francis J. Mootz Iii

Scholarly Works

In this commentary I offer a lawyer’s view of what law and linguistics interdisciplinary studies might mean for legal practice, as well as a legal theorist’s view of what importance they may hold for jurisprudence. I do not pretend to have more than cursory knowledge about linguistics, and so my remarks about what linguistics scholars might gain from an interdisciplinary exchange necessarily will be brief general.

Effective Psychotherapy, Neurolinguistic Programming, And The Grief Process, John F. Shrode

Graduate Theses

No abstract is provided.

Review Of "The Function Of Verb Prefixes In South-Western Otomí" By H. Andrews, Donna Jo Napoli

Linguistics Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Computer Networks And The Teaching Of English As A Second Language: How Networks Affect Second Language Acquisition, Kirstin J. Reed-Perez

English Theses & Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Who's Speaking Whose Language? A Study Of Contact Signing Between Deaf And Hearing Co-Workers, Marilyn K. Plumlee

Theses and Dissertations

This study documents signed communication between a deaf woman and five hearing co-workers who have worked together for periods ranging from two and a half to twenty-three years.

The study has two primary foci:

(1) to describe the linguistic features observed during contact signing between deaf and hearing interlocutors, all fluent in English, who communicate in a manual, visual channel, and

(2) to identify the dynamics affecting the linguistic choices made by both the hearing and deaf signers during contact signing.

The primary data base for this study were videotaped recordings of conversational dyads consisting of the deaf woman and …

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 44, No. 1, Charles L. Blockson, Roland C. Barksdale-Hall, Jerrilyn Mcgregory, Terry G. Jordan

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• "A Missing Link": The History of African Americans in Pennsylvania
• The Twin City Elks Lodge: A Unifying Force in Farrell's African American Community
• The Greening of Philadelphia
• The "Saddlebag" House Type and Pennsylvania Extended

Review Of "Linguistic Perspectives On The Romance Languages" Edited By W. J. Ashby, M. Mithun, G. Perissinotto, And E. Raposo, Donna Jo Napoli

Linguistics Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

The Truth And Other Irrelevant Aspects Of Nukulaelae Gossip, Niko Besnier

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Penyatiran Tema Dalam Kalimat Berstruktur Tema-Rema Bahasa Indonesia Lisan, Suparno Suparno

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya

Penyantiran tema dapat dikenali sebagai fenomena sintaksis dan semantis kalimat berstruktur tema–rema dalam bahasa Indonesia lisan. Ada tiga strategi penyantiran dalam bahasa Indonesia, yakni penyantiran dengan pronomina, baik pronomina persona maupun pronomina demonstrativa, penyantiran dengan epitet, dan penyantiran dengan konstruksi yang. Penyantiran tema tidak hanya terdapat pada rema, tetapi juga terdapat pada tema lanjutan. Kehadiran santiran sebagai unsur sintaktis merupakan tuntutan pengungkapan informasi yang diperlukan dalam kalimat.

Problematika Bahasa Indonesia Dan Alternasi Pemecahannya, I Gusti Ngurah Oka

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya

Problematik BI adalah masalah kebahasaan yang ditemui dalam bahasa Indonesia yang biasanya mengandung dan mengundang persoalan. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis menguraikan secara teknis problematika BI, meliputi penjelasan tentang wujud konkret problematik BI, kehadiran problematik BI, latar belakang munculnya problematik BI, bentuk-bentuk problematik BI, serta alternatif pemecahannya. Kehadiran problematik BI dapat diamati pada fakta pemakaian bahasa Indonesia, pada pertumbuhan bahasa Indonesia, dan pada upaya pembinaannya. Adapun faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi kehadiran problematik BI adalah kedudukan bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa kedua, kondisi objektif bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa yang relatif muda, serta perlunya perlindungan terhadap pertumbuhan bahasa Indonesia. Alternatif pemecahan yang disarankan penulis meliputi …

Masalah Leksis Dalam Bahasantara, Nur Mukminatien

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya

Leksis adalah salah satu unsur bahasa yang diperoleh oleh pembelajar bahasa pada tahap-tahap awal, baik oleh pembelajar bahasa ibu (B1) maupun bahasa kedua/asing (B2). Dalam proses pemerolehan B2, terbukti bahwa pembelajar tidak hanya menghadapi masalah kesalahan struktur bahasa, tetapi juga masalah pemilihan leksis. Namun, patut disayangkan bahwa sampai saat ini para linguis terapan belum banyak yang berminat meneliti masalah leksis, sehingga permasalahan yang timbul dalam pengajaran B2 belum banyak mendapat alternatif pemecahan yang lebih baik. Oleh sebab itu, tulisan ini berusaha menunjukkan bahwa masalah leksis penting untuk dikemukakan, sama pentingnya dengan masalah unsur bahasa lainnya. Selain itu, bahasan ini juga …

Is The Unitary Competence Hypothesis Tenable?, Gunadi Harry Sulistyo

Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya

In Oller’s view (1979), the idea that language can be broken down into smaller, isolated segments falls short of validity. Instead, Oller hypothesizes the existence of a single faculty responsible for all language processing. Although his proposal is derived from several studies, this does not provide sufficient assurance for the validity of the theory he seeks to establish.

Threats, Carol DĺYnn West Bleyle

English Theses & Dissertations

As J. L. Austin and John Searle point out in their philosophies of language, words communicate more than surface meaning. Some utterances, speech acts, actually stand for actions. A threat is a speech act, but it is difficult to define. This study reviews several examples of threats, such as ( 1) and (2) and analyzes their essential characteristics.

( 1) If you don't give me all your money, I will shoot.

(2) I have a gun.

Threats are found to have three essential features which consistently identify a threat. The threat must indicate a future world which is detrimental for …

Relative Clauses In Southern Uzbek, Benjamin Unseth

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines the structure of both finite and nonfinite relative clauses in Southern Uzbek. As such, it represents the first linguistic analysis of a topic in Southern Uzbek published in English. English research on Standard Uzbek establishes the existence of nonfinite relative clauses but does not examine them thoroughly, nor does it even sketch Standard Uzbek's uncommon finite relative clauses. In Southern Uzbek, finite relative clauses are more common than in Standard Uzbek. This research is based on texts collected from three men from Andkhuy, Afghanistan, and on elicited sentences.

A few characteristics of Southern Uzbek's relative clauses emerge …

Contributors: Vol 17 No. 2, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Contributors list of Vol. 17 (1994): Pacific Studies Full Issue 2

Vol. 17 No. 2 (1994): Pacific Studies Front Matter, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Pacific Studies is published two times a year by The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies, Brigham Young University Hawai‘i #1979, 55–220 Kulanui Street, Lāʻie, Hawai‘i 96762, but responsibility for opinions expressed in the articles rests with the authors alone. Subscription rate is US$40.00 yearly, payable to The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies. The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies (formerly The Pacific Institute) is an organization funded by Brigham Young University Hawai‘i. The Center assists the University in meeting its cultural and educational goals by undertaking a program of teaching, research, and …

Vol. 17 No. 2 (1994): Pacific Studies Full Issue, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Pacific Studies is published two times a year by The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies, Brigham Young University Hawai‘i #1979, 55–220 Kulanui Street, Lāʻie, Hawai‘i 96762, but responsibility for opinions expressed in the articles rests with the authors alone. Subscription rate is US$40.00 yearly, payable to The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies. The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies (formerly The Pacific Institute) is an organization funded by Brigham Young University Hawai‘i. The Center assists the University in meeting its cultural and educational goals by undertaking a program of teaching, research, and …

Books Received And Book Notices, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Book Listing for the Vol 17, No 2 Edition of the Pacific Studies Journal

Modeling Music With Grammars: Some Examples From Balinese Kotekan, Janet Tom Cowal

Dissertations and Theses

What is the relationship of music and language? Analogies and comparisons of music and language are plentiful in various types of literature. For researchers in the cognitive sciences, the importance of organization, patterning, and structuring of sounds is a common theme in analyzing both language and music. With the success of generative grammars for languages, a number of researchers have used similar kinds of grammars to describe or model particular aspects of music. In addition, researchers are interested in possible universals in musical grammars. However, while grammars of non-Western musics have been written, most of the work has been based …

Vocabulary Learning For Short-Term Esl Students: A Comparison Of Three Methods, Michael William Bess

Dissertations and Theses

Long-term studies with both native and non-native speakers of English have shown that vocabulary can be learned passively or "incidentally" simply through the act of reading, even through reading for pleasure. Generally, studies of incidental vocabulary learning have tested subjects' knowledge of words learned after reading novels or other longer works of prose fiction. Eighty-four students from a short-term ESL program participated as subjects in this study. Subjects were divided into three treatment groups and one control group. All subjects were given a 100-i tern word-recognition pretest, containing 45 test words and 55 dis tractors. The three treated groups were …