Digital Commons Network^™

Energy And Fluid Balance During A 214-Km Winter Ultraendurance Race: A Case Study, Kyle W. Wehmanen, Brent C. Ruby, Timothy C. Shriver, Michele N. Ravelli, Shalaya Kipp, John Mcdaniel, Erich Petushek, Steven J. Elmer

Michigan Tech Publications

The upper limits for total energy expenditure (TEE) and water turnover (rHO) in humans have been reported during several continuous single-day ultraendurance races (running, cycling, and triathlon). Currently, the upper limits for TEE and rHO during continuous single-day activity in cold weather (< 0 °C) remain unknown. The Arrowhead Ultra is one of the coldest ultraendurance races in North America and provides a unique opportunity to answer these questions. Racers select a bicycle, cross-country skis, or foot travel to traverse a 214-km snow-covered trail (altitude range: 345-426 m, 2,030-m elevation gain). Historically, approximately one-half of the racers complete the event. In this case study, we assessed TEE and rHO from the racer [cyclist: age: 22 yr, height: 1.84 m, body mass: 87.7 kg, and maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o): 5.0 LO·min] who won the 2025 Arrowhead Ultra (17.9 h, -13 to -1 °C) using the doubly labeled water method. Total energy and fluid intake were recorded to assess energy and fluid balance. Mean heart rate was 141 beats·min (71% of maximum heart rate). TEE was 63.9 MJ (15,273 kcal, 9.6 times basal metabolic rate) while total energy intake was 33.2 MJ (7,941 kcal). Mean carbohydrate intake was 88 g·h. Water turnover was 17.7 L, yielding a rHO/TEE ratio of 0.28 L·MJ for the race. The cyclist demonstrated high TEE and rHO that were comparable to values from other ultraendurance athletes competing in a range of temperatures (3-34°C). Notably, rHO from this cyclist was higher compared to athletes performing other ultratype endeavors in cold weather conditions (-25 to -19 °C). Our observations shed light on energy and fluid demands during continuous single-day activity in the cold and have endurance training and performance implications. In this short report, we detail new data on the upper limits of human energy expenditure (9.6 times basal metabolic rate) and water turnover (10.5 L·12 h) during continuous single-day exercise in the cold. Our results indicated elevated energy use, and impressively, water turnover comparable to exercise in warmer conditions. These findings have implications for training and endurance performance of strenuous exercise in cold weather environments.

Impaired Arginine, Citrulline And Glutamine Metabolism In Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From A Stable Isotope Study, Mustafa Tosur, Raven A Wierzchowska-Mcnew, Nicolaas E P Deutz, Mariëlle P K J Engelen

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Context: Arginine (Arg) is an important amino acid in T2D as a potent insulin secretagogue and precursor for nitric oxide (NO). Citrulline (Cit), the substrate for de novo Arg synthesis, is mostly produced from glutamine (Gln).

Objective: We aimed to investigate their metabolism in T2D using novel stable isotope tracer approach.

Methods: We studied 42 individuals (21 with T2D, 21 controls). After overnight fasting, blood samples were collected following pulse administration of stable amino acid tracers. Plasma concentrations and isotopic enrichments were measured by LC-MS/MS, and compartmental analyses were performed to calculate their whole-body production (WBP) rates and kinetics.

Results: …

Itbs Stimulation Of The Bilateral Ifg/Ipl Alters The Oscillatory Pattern In Asd, Mitra Assadi, Reza Koiler, Ryan Ally, Richard Fischer, Rod C. Scott

Farber Institute for Neuroscience Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication, reciprocity, and adaptive behavior. Converging neurobiological evidence suggests that these clinical features arise from aberrant connectivity and dysregulated neuronal oscillations across distributed brain networks. In particular, dysfunction within the mirror neuron regions, concentrated in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL), has been implicated in deficits of imitation, empathy, and social cognition in ASD. Non-invasive neuromodulation using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown modest behavioral benefits in ASD. However, most studies apply the conventional protocols targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The …

Bull Shark (Carcharhinus Leucas) Jaw, Roman Devlin, Jade A. Mells, Rileigh Gonzalez, Nicholas D. Burchett, David W. Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

No abstract provided.

Assessing Climate Adaptation Among Canada Lynx (Lynx Canadensis) Populations At The Trailing Edge, Tanya Lama, Blair P. Bentley, Warren E. Johnson, Lisa M. Komoroske, Stephen Destefano, Jennifer Vashon, Kaela Beaulerc, Jason M. Kamilar, Giulio Formenti, Andrea Batista, Andrew G. Spencer, Olivier Fedrigo, Erich D. Jarvis, Jeff S. Bowman, Paul Wilson, John F. Organ

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Species must acclimate, shift their distributions, or adapt in place in response to anthropogenic climate change. Populations at low-latitude trailing edges of species distributions typically experience thermal conditions closest to the upper limit of their thermoregulatory capacity. Landscape and functional genomic approaches provide quantitative measures of risk and adaptive capacity which can inform and prioritize conservation actions. Using low-coverage whole genomes from Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), we characterized population genomic structure and identified putatively adaptive loci using genotype-environment association analyses across the eastern extent of their distribution. We detected genetic breaks across two previously identified biogeographical barriers, the St. Lawrence …

Yield And Size Of Direct-Seeded Onions In Southern Minnesota With Three Row Arrangements, Charlie Rohwer, Jesen Hosch

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Dry bulb onions are a minor crop in Minnesota, grown mostly by small-scale market farmers. Most onions are grown as transplants, likely due to the shorter growing season and easier weed control. We undertook a study to understand yield potential of four direct-seeded (unpelleted) onion varieties, and the impacts of between-plant spacing at a single population on onion yield, size, and size variability. Four onion varieties were seeded on 9 April using a Jang JP6 push seeder in one of three row arrangements: four evenly-spaced rows, two double-rows, or three rows with seeds scattered in the middle row. All were …

Genome And Transcriptome-Wide Analyses Identify Multiple Candidate Genes And A Significant Polygenic Contribution In Bicuspid Aortic Valve, Sébastien Thériault, Jacob A Holdcraft, Dinara Sharipova, Adèle Faucherre, Radoslaw M Debiec, Gina M Peloso, Baravan Al-Kassou, Sary Aranki, Elena Ashikhmina Swan, Andrea Ballotta, Michele Bellino, Hanna M Björck, Anne Sophie Boureau, Peter S Braund, François Corriveau, François Dagenais, Lasse Folkersen, Amalia Forte, Michael D Francke, Alessandro Frigiola, Svetlana Gorbatov, Dongchuan Guo, Karam M Habchi, Mahyar Heydarpour, Eric M Isselbacher, Chris Jopling, Fabien Laporte, Solena Le Scouarnec, Zhonglin Li, Peter Lichtner, Carlo Maj, Hasanga D Manikpurage, Christopher P Nelson, Thy B Nguyen, Russell A Norris, Chin Siang Ong, Philippe Pibarot, Tanmoy Roychowdhury, Berardo Sarubbi, Floriane Simonet, Thoralf Sundt, Ida Surakka, Idit Tessler, Cristen J Willer, Susanne Wittmann, Bo Yang, Igor Berezovets, Stefanie A Doppler, Martina Dreßen, Katharina Knoll, Thomas Puehler, Heribert Schunkert, Jean-François Avierinos, Malenka M Bissell, Aidan P Bolger, Yohan Bossé, Eduardo Bossone, María Brion, Rodolfo Citro, Carlo De Vincentiis, G Michael Deeb, Alessandro Della Corte, Christian Dina, Ronen Durst, Stephan Ensminger, Per Eriksson, Arturo Evangelista, Anders Franco-Cereceda, Dan Gilon, Betti Giusti, Simon L Hetherington, Gordon S Huggins, Markus Krane, Thierry Le Tourneau, Giuseppe Limongelli, Patrick Mathieu, David Messika-Zeitoun, Hector I Michelena, Dianna Milewicz, Jochen D Muehlschlegel, David R Murdock, Georg Nickenig, Stefano Nistri, Markus M Nöthen, Francesca Pluchinotta, Siddharth K Prakash, Nilesh J Samani, Jean-Jacques Schott, Tom R Webb, Stéphane Zaffran, Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried, Kim Eagle, Johannes Schumacher, Teresa Trenkwalder, Simon Body

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a frequent congenital heart defect with a high heritability. Despite this, only a limited number of genes have been associated with the disease, and the molecular mechanisms remain unexplained in most cases. This study aimed to further understand the genetic architecture of BAV.

Methods: A genome-wide association study meta-analysis including 9631 cases among 65 677 participants was performed. Genes were prioritized using transcriptomic analyses based on RNA sequencing in relevant tissues, including human fetal and adult aortic valves. The impact of the knockdown or knockout of 4 candidate genes on cardiac development was verified …

Tracking Focal Adhesion Turnover: A Novel Reporter For Fa-Phagy Flux, Kuizhi Qu, Mengjun Dai, Ying Jiang, Sophie Liu, John P Hagan, Louise D Mccullough, Zhen Xu, Yan-Ning Rui

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Focal adhesions (FAs) are critical multi-protein complexes regulating cell adhesion, migration, and survival, and their dysregulation contributes to cancer metastasis and vascular diseases. Despite extensive research on FA formation, little is known about FA turnover, particularly its regulation by autophagy. This study introduces a novel tandem fluorescence reporter capable of tracking the entire FA-phagy flux, from autophagosome formation to lysosomal degradation. The reporter, based on a red–green fluorescence system with a lysosome-specific cleavage site, integrates seamlessly into endogenous focal adhesion complexes, demonstrating sensitivity and specificity to autophagy stimuli. Validated in multiple cell lines, the tool revealed dynamic FA-phagy responses to …

Obesogenic Behaviors During Structured Periods Among Children And Adolescents With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Keagan P. Kiely, Keith Brazendale, Mckenna Hill, Sarah Burkart, Michael Beets Med, Mph, Phd, Elizabeth L. Adams Phd, Bridget Armstrong, Christine St. Laurent, Abigail L. Hogan Ph.D., James W. White Iii, Olivia Finnegan, Joshua Culverhouse, Anthony Holmes, Robert Glenn Weaver Med, Phd

Faculty Publications

Background:

Children and adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are at greater risk for obesity and poor obesogenic behaviors (e.g., physical activity, screen time, diet, sleep) than their typically developing counterparts. The Structured Days Hypothesis (SDH) suggests that in typically developing children and adolescents, obesogenic behaviors worsen during periods of reduced structure (e.g., weekend or summer vacation). However, children and adolescents with IDD have unique factors that may alter how structure (i.e., pre-planned, segmented, adult supervised, out-of-home programs) influences obesogenic behaviors. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine obesogenic behaviors during periods of more …

Computational Tools For Tandem Repeat Detection Using Long-Read Sequencing, Qian Liu, Jincheng Li

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Tandem repeats (TRs) play essential roles in a variety of biological functions, and their abnormal expansions are significantly implicated in phenotypic variation and cause >60 human diseases. However, long TR regions cannot be reliably detected using short-read sequencing, and long-read sequencing enables accurate genome-wide detection of TRs. In recent years, various computational tools have been developed to detect and genotype TRs from long-read data. In this survey, we systematically categorize and review 39 computational tools designed for TR detection, visualization and functional interpretation. We discuss their strengths and limitations for TR detection from long-read sequencing data, highlighting current challenges and …

What Is Happening In The World Today And Why: Humanity’S Evolving Consciousness And The Role Of Archetypal Energies As Guides During An Unfolding Weeding Out And Alignment Process, Carroy U. Ferguson

Psychology Faculty Publication Series

What is happening in the world today and why? Humanity is evolving its consciousness at individual and collective levels. Given these seemingly tumultuous times, as of this writing (January 2026), to make such a statement may sound like a strange thing to say. However, I suggest that if you are alive today and if you are reading these words, these are the very times for which you were born--to assist Humanity as it evolves its consciousness with your unique gifts, whatever they may be. That is, this period of our individual and collective human being-ness may be characterized as an …

Ecologic Factors Contributing To West Nile Virus Hyperendemicity In Central South Carolina: An Integrated Vector–Human–Environmental Study, Elba S. Fridriksson, Ahayla Muraleedharan, Kyndall C. Dye-Braumuller, Madeleine M. Meyer, Kia Zellars, Hiuxuan Li, Melissa S. Nolan Ph.D., Mph

Faculty Publications

West Nile virus (WNV) is an endemic arboviral infection in the United States that has undergone phyloge-netic evolution since its introduction 25 years ago. An integrated vector–human–pathogen study was conducted in the summer of 2023 to unearth contemporary Culex quinquefasciatus habitat patterns and human transmission spillover foci in South Carolina, a state with historically little WNV data. A serosurvey revealed WNV seroprevalence 10 times the national average (22% versus 2%, respectively), with unusual epidemiologic risk factors. Female Culex quinquefas-ciatus WNV positivity was low (2.7%), with viral phylogenetics 100% homologous to the WN02 clade. Mosquito vectors clustered in affluent urban neighborhoods …

Intense Solar Radiation Constrains Plant Species Richness In Global Grasslands, Marie Spohn, Carlos Alberto Arnillas, Jonathan D. Bakker, Elizabeth T. Borer, Kari Anne Bråthen, Marc W. Cadotte, Erika I. Hersch-Green, Et Al.

Michigan Tech Publications

The search for predictors of plant diversity has challenged scientists for decades. Here we identify intense photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) as a major factor constraining plant species richness in global grasslands. We show that the strength of the negative relationship between species richness and PAR increases with increasing elevation and that species richness is more strongly correlated with intense PAR than with UV-B radiation, climate variables, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition. In addition to species richness, plant biomass was also negatively correlated with PAR at higher elevations, indicating that intense PAR also constrains plant biomass in montane grasslands. Furthermore, we show …

Green Technology: A Systematic Review Of Ai And Iot Solutions For A Sustainable Future, Nesma Abd El-Mawla, Mohamed A. Berbar, Nawal A. El-Fishawy, Mohamed A. El-Rashidy, Mahmoud Badawy

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Green technology offers a solution to the pressing environmental crisis. It can change the structure and generation of waste so as not to harm the earth, and people can become environmentally friendly. To address complex environmental challenges like climate change and pollution, innovative Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) and Internet of Things (IoT) solutions are essential. These technologies can help optimize resource use, reduce waste, and promote sustainable development. However, it's crucial to balance economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection when implementing green technologies. This survey paper systematically examines the landscape of Green Technology, focusing on its pivotal components: Measures of …

Transient Protein Structure Guides Surface Diffusion Pathways For Electron Transport In Membrane Supercomplexes, Chun Kit Chan, Jonathan Nguyen, Corey F Hryc, Chitrak Gupta, Kevin Redding, William Dowhan, Matthew L Baker, Alberto Perez, Eugenia Mileykovskaya, Abhishek Singharoy

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The exact biological role of mitochondrial supercomplexes remains debated, particularly their role in guiding redox proteins across membranes during energy conversion. We integrate multiscale modeling and single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to examine electron transfer in mitochondrial supercomplexes composed of complexes III and IV (CIII and CIV). Using bioinformatic and entropy-based methods, we generated structural ensembles capturing conformations of CIII's disordered QCR6 hinge within the yeast CIII2CIV2 supercomplex. Molecular and Brownian Dynamics simulations reveal that these negatively charged hinge states electrostatically couple with redox proteins, promoting their binding and directional diffusion across the membrane on millisecond timescales. Rather than hindering …

The Setd2 L1609p Mutation Found In Leukemia Disrupts Methyltransferase Activity And Reduces Histone H3k36 Trimethylation, Christina Michail, Jérémy Berthelet, Ariel E Mechaly, Linh-Chi Bui, Haopeng Yang, Duo Cai, Amira Al Mahi, Aowei Xie, Valeria Bisio, Valentina Sirri, Jean-Marie Dupret, Fabien Guidez, Ximing Xu, Nicolas Joly, Leslie Regad, Mireille Viguier, Frédérique Deshayes, Nicolas Dulphy, Michael R Green, Ahmed Haouz, Fernando Rodrigues Lima

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

SETD2 is the primary methyltransferase responsible for generating H3K36me3, an epigenetic mark that is essential for transcriptional regulation and chromatin integrity. SETD2 mutations are frequently observed in various cancers and tend to cluster within its catalytic SET domain. Despite the clinical relevance of SETD2 missense mutations in cancer, their biochemical and structural consequences remain insufficiently characterized. Here, we present the enzymatic and structural characterization of the SETD2 L1609P mutant enzyme identified in leukemia. The L1609 residue is located in the SET domain within a conserved hydrophobic pocket that is involved in substrate H3K36 recognition. Interestingly, site-directed mutagenesis of residues within …

Phase I Study Of Bevacizumab And Temsirolimus Combination Therapy In Advanced Malignancies: Safety, Efficacy, And Ovarian Cancer Expansion, Sarina A Piha-Paul, Chieh Tseng, Emily Thompson, R Jason Stafford, Hung Le, Lei Kang, Siqing Fu, Apostolia Tsimberidou, George Blumenschein, Jordi Rodon Ahnert, John M Slopis, David Hong, Aung Naing, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Chaan S Ng, Shannon Westin, Anil K Sood

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Bevacizumab and temsirolimus target angiogenic and mTOR pathways in cancer progression.

Methods: This phase I study enrolled 48 heavily pretreated patients with advanced solid tumors, including an ovarian cancer expansion cohort. Patients received bevacizumab biweekly plus temsirolimus weekly in a 3 + 3 design to assess safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Exploratory analyses included tumor genomic profiling and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI).

Results: Patients had a median age of 59 and median four prior therapies. Common tumor types were ovarian (27%) and head and neck (15%). Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 93.8%, with 31.3% ≥grade …

Zingiber Officinale-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria, Maureen Bakor Tabe, Ovgu Isbilen, Jennifer N Walker, Ender Cinar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: The fight against infectious diseases has transformed over the past century with the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, where pathogens that exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotic classes leading to significant challenges to modern medicine. Zingiber officinale is well-documented to exhibit diverse biological activities, including strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Zinc oxide nanoparticles can be synthesized cost-effectively and are widely utilized in biomedical applications, including their use as anticancer agents and drug-delivery systems, as well as for their intrinsic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we aimed to take a combinatorial approach to investigate the antimicrobial effects of Z. …

Pain Prevalence And Pain Management At The End Of Life: Regional And Urban-Rural Differences From A National-Representative Survey Of Chinese Older Adults, Yaolin Pei, Xiang Qi, Zexi Zhou, Yifan Lou, Jing Wang, Yang Li, Bei Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Effective pain management is essential for improving quality of life at the end of life. However, challenges persist globally, particularly in China, where palliative care remains underdeveloped. This study investigates pain prevalence and the associations between pain severity, place of death, and the quality of pain management among older adults in China, with a focus on regional and urban-rural disparities.

Methods: We used data from the 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020 waves of the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey. The final sample included 1,525 older adults who died during the study period. We conducted OLS regression analyses to examine …

Comparative Analysis Of Ctdna Monitoring Strategies In Advanced Nsclc With Met Exon 14 Skipping Mutations Treated With Ensartinib, Mo Zhou, Yin Zhu, Xuqi Sun, Ying Han, Rui Jin, Panwen Tian, Jun Zhao, Yang Jin, Zhiyuan Guo, Yongchang Zhang, Yiran Meng, Fei Liu, Wen Li, Xiuning Le, Haifeng Shen, Yang Xia

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Mesenchymal-epithelial transition exon 14 skipping mutations (METex14) define a targetable molecular subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but optimal circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) biomarkers to guide MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy remain undefined. Within the EMBRACE trial of ensartinib, we conducted a prospective biomarker analysis with plasma collected at baseline (V0) and 4 weeks after treatment initiation (V1). ctDNA was profiled using a hybrid-capture next-generation sequencing panel covering 229 cancer-related genes, and mutations were classified into three monitoring paradigms: MET-specific alterations, canonical alterations (tier I/II), and pan-alterations (any variant in any gene on the panel). Baseline ctDNA positivity rates …

Recommendations From The Blue Ribbon Panel On Fluoroscopy Safety, Dustin A Gress, M Mahesh, Kevin W Dickey, John F Angle, D Duane Baldwin, Stephen Balter, Wayne Batchelor, Lisa Bruedigan, Christopher Davis, Deirdre Elder, R Paul Guillerman, Maged N Guirguis, David Hardwick, Carrie M Hayes, Jeremy J Heit, A Kyle Jones, Melissa Kirkwood, Andrew Kuhls-Gilcrist, Bonnie Martin-Harris, William W Mayo-Smith, Sarah E Mckenney, Richard Miguel, Donald L Miller, Eric Monroe, Kristi Moore, Thomas L Morgan, Kari J Nelson, Kathryn Petrovic, Shellie Pike, Carlos A Pino, Travis Prowant, Jonathan W Revels, Vinil Shah, Andrew Y Wang, David B Weiss, Darcy J Wolfman, Kevin A Wunderle, Jessica Zarzour, Michael E Zychowicz, Alan H Matsumoto

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

There are many challenges associated with the safe use of fluoroscopy. These challenges include but are not limited to highly variable regulatory requirements, scope of practice concerns, inconsistent education and training, and lack of staff empowerment. Challenges are further compounded by the increasing use of fluoroscopy across a wide range of medical specialties. To facilitate consensus on how to address the issues, the ACR convened the multidisciplinary Blue Ribbon Panel on Fluoroscopy Safety (BRP-FS), with 32 organizations represented. The goal of the BRP-FS is to establish multi- and interspecialty consensus standards for the safe use of fluoroscopy in health care, …

Identification Of A Cytokine Biomarker For Prognostic Modeling Of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema, Alison J Wu, Neil Lin, Jie Su, Cherie Lin, Madison-Shira Hossack, Wei Shi, Farnoosh Abbas-Aghababazadeh, Wei Xu, Benjamin Haibe-Kains, Simona F Shaitelman, Melissa B Aldrich, Fei-Fei Liu, Jennifer Y Y Kwan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Lymphedema is a chronic complication of breast cancer treatment, and early intervention is crucial to reduce morbidity. This study evaluated the role of blood-based cytokine biomarkers in the prognostication of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) to improve risk prediction. A secondary analysis of inflammatory biomarkers for BCRL was performed using a previously published cohort of 147 breast cancer patients who had undergone serum cytokine profiling during their treatment at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre from 2010-2014. Prognostic cytokine variables for lymphedema were selected by regression analysis and independence from known clinical risk factors. Regression-based modeling was employed to integrate prognostic variables …

Endothelial Oncogenic Kras Mutation Drives The Dynamics Of Microglia And Macrophages In Brain Arteriovenous Malformation, Hyejin Park, Jung-Eun Park, Bridger H Freeman, Bosco Seong Kyu Yang, Shun-Ming Ting, Alexander K Suh, Jude Pj Savarraj, Shuning Huang, Jakob Körbelin, Huimahn Alex Choi, Sean P Marrelli, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Peng Roc Chen, Eunhee Kim, Eun S Park

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Mutation of KRAS in endothelial cells (KRAS-EC) leads to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM), resulting in severe disabilities or even death. However, it is unclear what causes this hemorrhagic conversion of bAVM. Here, using a locally established, clinically-relevant sporadic bAVM mouse model, created by overexpressing mutant KRAS (KRASG12V) in the brain EC, we demonstrate that KRAS-EC act as trigger for microglia (MG) activation and infiltration of macrophages (Mϕ). Using three-dimensional immunostaining approach with cleared human and mouse bAVM tissues, we demonstrate an abundance of MG/Mϕ around the bAVM nidus. The presence of MG/Mϕ are correlated to the …

Mutations Altering The Dna Binding Domains Of The Human Rad52 Protein Exert Distinct Effects On Homologous Recombination Repair In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Glenn M. Manthey, Elise W. Wolf, Jason Xu, M. Cristina Negritto, Renee A. Bouley, Ruben C. Petreaca, Adam M. Bailis

College of Health Professions Faculty Papers

RAD52 is a conserved member of the homologous recombination repair (HRR) apparatus from yeast to humans. Mutating conserved amino acids in the internal and external DNA binding domains of the human RAD52 protein (HsRAD52) has discrete effects in vitro. Previous studies have shown that HsRAD52 supports multiple mechanisms of HRR in budding yeast, suggesting the utility of this model system for exploring the correspondence between losses of HsRAD52 function in vitro and their impact in vivo. We report that disrupting the internal and external DNA binding domains of HsRAD52 produced distinct effects on the repair of genomic DNA double-strand breaks …

Mitigating Salmonella In Poultry Using Probiotics: Mechanisms, Challenges, And Opportunities, Oluwaseun D. Adeyemi, Samuel N. Nahashon

Food and Animal Sciences Faculty Research

The global poultry industry continues to face significant challenges due to Salmonella infections, which pose severe public health concerns and economic losses. Recently, the reemergence of antimicrobial resistance has led to the restriction of antibiotic use in poultry, especially as growth promoters, thus accelerating the search for sustainable alternatives. Among these, probiotics have gained attention as potential candidates for improving poultry health and mitigating Salmonella colonization in the gut. This review summarizes the key mechanisms through which probiotics exert anti-Salmonella effects, including competitive exclusion, production of antimicrobial substances, reinforcement of the intestinal barrier, and modulation of host immune responses. Commonly …

Geochemical Fate Of Lead In Contaminated Residential Soils Following Application Of Amendments For Lead Immobilization, Hadeer Saleh, Washington Braida, Zhiming Zhang, Rupali Datta, Dibyendu Sarkar

Michigan Tech Publications

Background: Lead (Pb) persists in urban soils, where its partitioning among geochemical fractions governs mobility, bioavailability, and human health risk. These fractions are strongly controlled by soil physicochemical properties, necessitating site-specific remediation strategies. Methods: This study developed a site-specific Pb immobilization framework linking amendment selection to soil geochemistry and sustainability considerations. Pb-contaminated residential soils from three U.S. cities, San Antonio (alkaline), Baltimore (acidic), and Detroit (near-neutral), were treated with gypsum, biochar + lime, and alum, respectively. Changes in Pb speciation were tracked using sequential extraction over 7, 30, and 90 days. Results: All amendments significantly reduced exchangeable Pb (F1) and …

Comparison Of Surgical Treatment Patterns And Temporal Trends For Stage I-Iii Invasive Rectal Adenocarcinoma Among Regions In The United States, Whitney Elks, Declan Feery, Celina Cosme, Kavita Batra, Lance Horner, Charles St Hill, Ovunc Bardakcioglu

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Background: Practice patterns of surgical management of rectal adenocarcinoma vary among US regions. Nationwide, there has been an overall trend toward the performance of anterior resection (AR) over abdominoperineal resection (APR) in the surgical management of invasive rectal adenocarcinoma when feasible. It is suspected that this trend is adopted at a slower rate in underserved regions of the United States. Methods: Data from the NCDB for 2004–2019 was queried for patients with stage I-III rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent anterior resection (AR) or abdominoperineal resection (APR). Comparisons of AR versus APR were made among year, region, approach, and stage. Results: Of …

New Host And Distributional Records For Helminth Parasites (Monogenoidea, Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda) Of Arkansas Reptiles (Testudines, Ophidia), C. T. Mcallister, C. R. Bursey, T. J. Fayton, S. E. Trauth, H. W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Over the last decade or more, our collaborative research has provided noteworthy information on the helminth parasites of reptiles of Arkansas. Because several species still need to be surveyed from the state, some for the first time, there has been a general void of information on their parasites. We therefore examined 10 reptiles, including seven species/subspecies of turtles, as well as three species/subspecies of snakes for helminth parasites. Found were 24 taxa of parasites, including two monogeneans, 14 digeneans, one tapeworm, and seven nematodes. We document several new host and distributional records for these parasites from some reptiles of the …

Agricultural Water Management In A Changing Maryland: Stakeholder Experiences And Attitudes Towards Weather Variability, Alternative Water Sources, And Related Factors, Michele Romolini, Alexa C. Siglar, Paul T. Leisnham, Amanda K. Rockler, Masoud Negahban-Azar, Adel Shirmohammadi

Center for Urban Resilience Scholarship

The state of Maryland has experienced significant but commonly overlooked impacts on water quality and quantity. Future climate change is predicted to further reduce water availability, with nontraditional water sources such as treated recycled wastewater (TRW) as one potential way to mitigate impacts. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 Maryland stakeholders—including farmers, extension agents, state agency personnel, and academics—to explore their perceptions and experiences with 1) past, existing and future weather variability; 2) freshwater and reusable water use and management in agriculture; and 3) related factors impacting agricultural water management. Qualitative coding of interview transcripts produced 27 categories containing 291 …

Gene Regulatory Programs Of Nk Cells Show That Ncam1 (Cd56) And Kirs Are Controlled By Genetically Polymorphic Distal Regulatory Elements, Mariam A. Salem, Aditi Varkey, Matthew D. Estrada, Kruthika Sharma, Caprice D. Eisele, Nitin Chakravarti, Dean A. Lee, Aharon G. Freud, Bethany L. Mundy-Bosse, Patrick L. Collins

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

Owing to their immunoprotective properties, natural killer (NK) cells are critical for the innate immune response to pathogens, as well as a new wave of cancer immunotherapy that harnesses natural cytotoxicity. We sought to study the genetic and epigenetic drivers behind human-specific NK cell receptors, so that we can better understand the underlying cellular function. Here, we present a transcriptomic, proteomic (CITE-seq), and chromatin (single nuclei ATAC-seq) profiling of human peripheral NK cell subsets, which was then compared with genomic databases. Through integrative multi-omics, we demonstrate that CD56^bright versus CD56^dim NK cell subsets have differential distal regulatory element …