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Cranes Of The World: Whooping Crane (Grus Americana), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Whooper; Big white crane; Grue de Amerique, Grue blanche Americaine (French); Schreikranich, Trompeterkranich (German); Amerikanishiy krikpivy zhuravl (Russian); Grulla griteria, Grulla blanca (Spanish).

Range:
Breeds in Wood Buffalo National Park, Northwest Territories. Migratory, wintering at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, coastal Texas. Formerly much more widespread, breeding south to North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, and Illinois, and reported from as far west as Utah, east to Cape May New Jersey, and south to coastal Louisiana. Birds hatched from eggs recently transported to Grays Lake, southeastern Idaho, have been reared by greater sandhill cranes and now winter with them in …

Cranes Of The World: Australian Crane (Grus Rubicundus), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Brolga, Native companion (Australia); Grue d'Australie (French); Australischer Kranich (German); Goshu zuru (Japanese); Australiyka zhuravl (Russian); Grulla Australiana (Spanish).

Range:
Resident in grassland habitats in lowland New Guinea and northern and eastern Australia, more rarely to southern and southeastern Australia.

Cranes Of The World: Black-Necked Crane (Grus Nigricollis), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
None in general English use; Grue á cour noir (French); Schwarzhals Kranich (German); Cheniozheuleu zhuravl (Russian); Grulla de cue110 negro (Spanish).

Range:
Breeds from Ladakh east through Tibet (Xizang Zizhiqu) to the Koko Nor Region in eastern Tsinghai (Qinghai), probably mostly between 4,300 and 4,600 meters elevation. Migratory, and reported on migration or during winter from central and eastern Sikang, Yunnan, and Tonkin (Vaurie, 1965). Also winters in small numbers in the southern Himalayas (Bhutan and Frontier Division of Subansiri Pradesh) at elevations of 1,500-3,000 meters (Ali, 1976).

Cranes Of The World: Blue Crane (Anthropoides Paradises), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Stanley crane; Bloukraan (Afrikaan); Grue bleue (French); Paradieskranich (German); Hagoromo zuru (Japanese); Chetyrekhkrydy zhuravl (Russian); Grulla azul (Spanish); Groote Sprinkhaan-vogel (Boers, Transvaal).

Range:
Resident in the upland interior of South Africa and possibly adjacent Mozambique north almost to the Zambezi, and with a small isolated population near the Etosha Pan of Namibia (South- West Africa).

Cranes Of The World: 0. Contents -- Foreword -- Preface, Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

I. Comparative Biology of Cranes
1. Classification and Evolution / 3
2. Individualistic and Social Behavior / 11
3. Vocalizations / 25
4. Ecology and Population Dynamics / 35
5. Comparative Reproductive Biology / 44
6. Aviculture and Hybridization / 51
7. Endangered Species and Conservation / 60
8. Cranes in Myth and Legend / 70

II. Natural Histories of Individual Crane Species
1. Crowned Cranes / 77
2. Blue Crane / 87
3. Demoiselle Crane / 95
4. Wattled Crane / 121
5. Siberian Crane / 131
6. Australian Crane / 141
7. Sarus Crane / 151
8. White-naped …

Cranes Of The World: 4. Ecology And Population Dynamics, Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Like other animals, cranes exist as natural populations that are dependent upon particular environmental conditions and that vary in population density between the absolute minimum numbers that have permitted survival to relatively dense populations that may approach or even temporarily exceed the carrying capacity of the habitat. Each species may also have an upper species-typical limit on population density, or "saturation point," which is independent of the carrying capacity of the habitat but which may be determined by such social adaptations as territorial requirements or individual distance characteristics. Within crane populations, individual birds or families remain within home ranges or …

Cranes Of The World: Eurasian Crane (Grus Grus), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Common crane, Crane; Huiho (Chinese); Grue cendree (French); Kranich (German); Kuro-zuru, Kurotsuru (Japanese); Seryi zhuravl (Russian); Grulla comun (Spanish).

Range:
Breeds in northern Eurasia from Scandinavia east to at least the Indigirka River, and probably to the Kolyma, and south to northern Germany, the Ukraine, the Kirghiz Steppes, Russian and Chinese Turkestan, Mongolia, and northern Manchuria, with isolated colonies in the Dobrogea, Turkey, and Transcaucasia. Migratory, wintering in the Mediterranean region to northwestern and northeastern Africa, the Persian Gulf region, peninsular India, and from southern China to northern Indo- China, Burma, and Assam (Vaurie, 1965).

Cranes Of The World: Japanese Crane (Grus Japonensis), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Manchurian crane, Redcrowned crane; Tan-ting ho, Hsien-ho (Chinese); Grue de Mandchourie (French); Mandschuren- Kranich (German): Tancho, Tozuro (Japanese); Manshuskiy zhuravl, Ussuriskii zhuravl (Russian); Grulla blanc (Spanish).

Range:
Breeds in northeastern Mongolia on the border of Manchuria (Hahlin Basin) and eastwards through northern and central Manchuria to Lake Khanka and along the Ussuri to its mouth, and in the middle Amur Valley west to the Bureya or Gorin River. An essentially resident population also occurs in northeastern Hokkaido, Japan. The continental population is migratory, wintering in Korea and in eastern China (north of the Gulf of Chihli, and …

Cranes Of The World: References, Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

The following list of more than 400 references is by no means a complete bibliography of cranes, but does include a few titles that for various reasons were not specifically cited in the text. Walkinshaw's (1973) monograph contains a large number of citations not found in the present list, and he additionally has recently (1981c) updated and supplemented his earlier bibliography. All told, his two citation lists include nearly 2,500 citations. Nearly 40 percent of the 1973 list deals with the whooping crane, 20 percent with the sandhill crane, 15 percent with the Eurasian crane, and 8 percent with the …

Cranes Of The World: Sandhill Crane (Grus Canadensis), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Canadian crane, Little brown crane; Grue du Canada (French); Kanadischer Kranich (German); Kanada-zuru (Japanese): Kanadaski zhuravl (Russian); Grulla del Canada (Spanish).

Range:
Breeds in extreme northeastern Siberia and in North America from Alaska to Baffin Island, south to northeastern Colorado, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Additional nonmigratory populations exist in Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Cuba, and the Isle of Pines. The migratory races winter from California and Baja California eastward to New Mexico, Texas, and Florida. The breeding range was formerly much more extensive in the United States, extending south to Nebraska, Indiana, and Ohio.

Cranes Of The World: Sarus Crane (Grus Antigone), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Sharpe's crane; Khur-sang, Korchan (Assam); Grue antigone tropicale, Grue á collier (French); Sarus-kranich, Halsbandkranich (German); Saras, Sirhans (Hindi); O-O zuru (Japanese); Belyi zhuravl (Russian); Grulla blanco cue110 (Spanish).

Range:
Resident in northern India, east to Burma, on the Malay Peninsula, and in Indo-Chinese countries, and in northern Australia. Probably extirpated from the Philippine Islands, and perhaps also from Burma, Thailand, and Malaysia.

Cranes Of The World: Siberian Crane (Bugeranus Leucogeranus), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Siberian white crane, Asiatic White Crane; Grue nonne, Grue blanche d'Asie (French); Nonnenkranich, Schnee-Kranich, Weisse indische Kranich (German); Sod egura-zuru (Japanese); Sterch, Belyi zhuravl (Russian); Grulla siberiana, Grulla blanco (Spanish).

Range:
Known breeding areas are currently only two. The first is from about the confluence of the Ob and Irtysh rivers north to the region of Berezovo, and the second is from the basin of the Indigirka (from its mouth south to the Moma River) west to the Khroma River and the lower Yana. Other possible breeding areas may extend the second range east to the lower …

Cranes Of The World: Wattled Crane (Bugeranus Carunculatus), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Great African wattled crane; Grue caroncule (French); Glockenkranich, Klunkerkranich (German); Hooka Zuru (Japanese); Asbrikanskiy Sorodavachaty (Russian); Mothlathomo (Sotho, Sesuto); Grulla zarzo (Spanish); Makalanga (Zambian).

Range:
Resident in eastern and southern Africa, from Ethiopia in the north southward discontinuously through southern Tanzania (apparently absent from Kenya and northern Tanzania) and Mozambique to the Transvaal and Natal, and westward to southern Angola and Namibia (South West Africa), in the latter area breeding locally only. Now extirpated from Cape Province and Orange Free State, and probably declining elsewhere (West, 1976)

Cranes Of The World: White-Naped Crane (Grus Vipio), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
Japanese white-necked crane; Ts-ang-kua (Chinese); Grue á cour blanc (French); Weissnacken-Kranich (German); Mana-zuru (Japanese); Dachkai zhuravl (Russian); Grulla de cuelle blanco (Spanish).

Range:
Breeds on the Transbaikalian steppes probably from the Onon and Argun rivers eastward through northwestern and central Manchuria to the southern Ussuri Valley, the basin of Lake Khanka, and in southwestern Ussuriland. Known recent breeding areas (Yamashina, 1978) include the marshlands around the central part of the Primorskiy Kraj (Maritime Territory), the middle drainage of the Amur River (from the upper Zeya to the Bureya and the Archara), and in northwestern Manchuria (Jaranton). Also …

Dynamic Effects Of Food Magnitude On Interim-Terminal Interaction, Alliston K. Reid, Robert H.I. Dale

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

We tested the assumption of a facilitatory relation between periodic food presentation and schedule-induced drinking by examination of (a) elicited drinking, (b) drinking in anticipation of food delivery, and (c) possible indirect effects of food delivery on drinking. We exposed rats to a fixed-time 60-second schedule in which interfood intervals ended in either one or four food pellets with equal probability. In Phases 1 and 3, a stimulus signaled the magnitude of upcoming food presentation. In Phase 2, the stimulus was eliminated. Changes in drinking and "head-in-feeder" distributions within interfood intervals demonstrated that head-in-feeder was controlled directly by food presentation, …

Water Quality Trends In The Las Vegas Wash Wetlands, F. A. Morris, L. J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

The Las Vegas Wash is a wetlands ecosystem that acts to buffer the effects of wastewater discharges on the receiving waters of Lake Mead. The wash is the terminus for the 4,144 km2 Las Vegas Valley drainage basin, emptying into Las Vegas Bay of Lake Mead (Colorado River). It is in the northern Mojave desert, which receives an average of only 10 cm of rainfall annually. The Las Vegas Wash is technically an artificial wetland supported almost entirely by the perennial flows from sewage treatment plants. These flows contribute an average of 3-7 t of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and …

The Effects Of Limited Food Availability On The Striped Bass Fishery In Lake Mead, John R. Baker, Larry J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

The original range of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) was along the Atlantic Coast. They were introduced into the lower Sacramento River in 1879 and are now also found along the Pacific Coast. A landlocked striped bass fishery was established in Santee-Cooper Reservoir, South Carolina, in 1954, and they have since been introduced into numerous other reservoirs, including Lake Havasu, Lake Mead and Lake Powell on the Colorado River. Striped bass were introduced into Lake Mead in 1969 in response to declines in the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fishery that occurred during the 1960s and in order to further utilize the …

Environmental Correlates Of Hermatypic Coral (Montastrea Annularis) Growth On The East Flower Gardens Bank, Northwest Gulf Of Mexico, Richard E. Dodge, Judith C. Lang

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Time series of annual linear growth increments from 12 Montastrea annularis (E. and S.) collected at the East Flower Gardens Bank reef in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico have a common pattern. This is best expressed in an index master chronology (average by year of the annual percentage deviations from the mean of each coral.)

Comparisons with time series of environmental data indicate that coral extension rates vary positively with seasonal (February through May - 4 months) surface water temperature and negatively with annual discharge of the Atchafalaya River. We propose that secular variations of water temperature and other parameters …

Curidia Debrogania, A New Genus And Species Of Amphipod (Crustacea: Ochlesidae) From The Barrier Reefs Of Belize, Central America, James Darwin Thomas

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

The family Ochlesidae is amended to include the new genus Curidia, which differs from all other members by possessing maxiIIipedal palps. Curidia debrogania is described and compared to other genera and species within the family Ochlesidae.

Curidia debrogania is plesiomorphic by possession of maxillipedal palps, suggesting this member of the small, cryptic family might have originated in the tropical Western Atlantic. Distribution records and ecological notes are included.

Tumor Cell Glutathione Metabolism: Therapeutic Implications, Bradley Alan Arrick

Student Theses and Dissertations

In response to oxidative injury murine tumors depend upon the GSH oxidation-reduction cycle. The susceptibility of tumor cells to lysis by a flux of H₂O₂, such as generated by granulocytes or activated macrophages, or by the enzyme glucose oxidase, was augmented by interference with the GSH redox cycle. Depletion of tumor cell GSH was by 2 methods: incubation of cells with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a nontoxic inhibitor of GSH synthesis, or with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, a substrate for GSH S-transferase. Sensitization to oxidative cytolysis correlated with GSH depletion by either method by the critera of both dose-response and …

Genetic And Biochemical Analysis Of The Bryan Strain Of Rous Sarcoma Virus, Teena Louise Lerner

Student Theses and Dissertations

Integration of Rous sarcoma virus DNA into its host genome was analyzed under conditions where secondary integration via virus spread was inhibited. This was accomplished by using the noninfectious pol^-, env^- alpha variant of the Bryan high titer strain of Rous sarcoma virus (BH-RSV). Twelve independent BHRSV-transformed chicken embryo fibroblast clones were obtained and the provirus-cell junction fragments were mapped by restriction endonuclease cleavage and Southern blotting analyses. We found that expression of the viral genes could occur after proviral integration at many sites on the chicken genome and that there was no apparent preference for specific …

Structure-Function Relationships Of Elements Of The Bacteriophage F1 Genome, Phyllis Barbara Moses

Student Theses and Dissertations

Expression of the ten genes on the small filamentous phage f1 genome must be closely regulated during the infection cycle, since this nonlytic coliphage lives in delicate balance with its host. The sequence and context requirements of specific regions involved in f1 mRNA metabolism were investigated by: 1) relocation of an intact transcription unit on the phage genome; 2) construction of a hybrid E. coli-f1 transcription unit which could be studied in a phage or plasmid context; 3) identification and characterization of a rho-dependent transcription termination signal in f1 by cloning it between the promoter and gene of an E. …

Sequence And Functional Structures Of The Extrachromosomal Rdna Minichromosome Of Physrum Polycephalum, Gerald Ray Campbell

Student Theses and Dissertations

The ribosomal RNA genes of Physarum polycephalum are encoded on multiple copies of linear, palindromic extrachromosomal DNA molecules (rDNA), which have been isolated both as a satellite DNA molecule, and as a "minichromosome" with associated chromatin proteins. The genes coding for the 19 S, 26 S, and 5.8 S rRNAs are transcribed as a single, large precursor molecule, beginning nearer the center of the palindrome and transcribing outward. The genes are in the order 19 - 5.8 - 26, and the 26 S gene contains two intervening sequences. The intervening sequences are transcribed, and later excised out. The region of …

Regulation Of Expression Of A Retroviral Transforming Gene And Its Cellular Homolog, Bernard Mathey-Prevot

Student Theses and Dissertations

This thesis has focused on the avian Fujinami sarcoma virus (FSV) and its role in transformation. Specifically, it included the biochemical characterization of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of FSV, the identification of the product of a cellular gene homologous to the transforming gene of FSV, and the isolation and characterization of phenotypic revertants of rat cells transformed by FSV. Analysis of the defect of the two ts mutants of FSV revealed that P130 is the transforming protein of FSV and that its kinase activity plays a crucial role in cell transformation by this virus. v-fps, the transforming gene of FSV is …

A Review Of The Muscle Cell Cytoskeleton And Its Possible Relation To Meat Texture And Sarcolemma Emptying, D. W. Stanley

Food Structure

A review of the muscle cytoskeleton is presented. Current evidence leads to the concept of a muscle cell cytoskeleton consisting of at least two elements - gap filaments which are located parallel to the fiber ax~s and provide intracellular elasticity and tensile strength and intermediate filameots found in the zdisc area that function to connect adjacent Z- discs and promote lateral registration. The former constituent consists of the high molecular weight protein connectin (titinl while the latter is composed of the smaller protein desmin (skeletinl. Both proteins exist in filamentous form, are susceptible to proteolysis and are insoluble in physiological …

Development Of Microstructure In Set-Style Nonfat Yogurt - A Review, Miloslav Kalab, Paula Allan-Wojtas, Beverley E. Phipps-Todd

Food Structure

The development of microstructure in natural set-style nonfat yoghurt was stud i ed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition to thin-sectioning and conventional SEM described in the literature, this review illustrates gelation of milk with micrographs obtai ned by rotary shadowing of casein micelles and their clusters. The existence of void spaces occupied by lactic acid bacteria in yoghurt was con finned by cold-stage SEM of uncoa ted specimens. The microstructure of yoghurt is affected by the preheat treatment of milk, bacterial starter cultures, total solids content , and the presence of thickening agents. …

Image Analysis Of Morphological Changes In Wiener Batters During Chopping And Cooking, A. G. Kempton, S. Trupp

Food Structure

Histological changes in wiener batters during chopping and cooking have often been illustrated with "representative" fields . The practice of selecting representative fields ignores variation and leads to word descriptions that cannot be correlated with numerical scores for functional or sensory tests . If wieners are regarded as a multi-component system, objectivity can be achieved by selecting many fields for each sample according to a rigid sampling plan. Image analysis quantified parameters of both the fat and protein components . The reduction in size of fat globules during chopping of a commercial formulation, for example, was a function of area …

An Alternive To Critical Point Drying For Preparing Meat Emulsions For Scanning Electron Microscopy, Edward J. Basgall, Peter J. Bechtel, Floyd K. Mckeith

Food Structure

A rapid sample drying technique is described which is useful for the simultaneous preparation of large numbers of samples as an alternative to critical point drying. The cryofractured face of meat emulsions was visualized after appl ying this technique . The fine structure of 1 ipids and proteins were found to be well preser ved in comparison to other reports which used critical point dried meat emulsions. Lipid was readily discerned from the protein matrix by selective fixation of the components in duplicate samples . Stereo imaging was useful in enhancing the texture of the cryofractured surface and as an …

The Foraging Behavior Of Lacewing Larvae On Vertical Rods, Alan B. Bond

Alan Bond Publications

The foraging behavior of lacewing larvae (Chrysopa carnea Stephens, Chrysopidae, Neuroptera) on vertical lucite rods was observed under a variety of experimental conditions to investigate the decision processes responsible for the distribution of foraging effort. Food deprivation increased the duration of searching on all parts of the rod, whereas contact with prey at the rod tip induced only a local enhancement of searching activity. Searching at the rod tip did not decline with repeated trials on the same rod, but the duration of searching on the rest of the rod was reduced, evidently reflecting recognition and avoidance of previously-searched …

Nickel: A Micronutrient Element For Hydrogen-Dependent Growth Of Rhizobium Japonicum And For Expression Of Urease Activity In Soybean Leaves, Robert V. Klucas, F. Joe Hanus, Sterling A. Russell, Harold J. Evans

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Soybean plants and Rhizobium japonicum 122 DES, a hydrogen uptake-positive strain, were cultured in media purified to remove Ni. Supplemental Ni had no significant effect on the dry matter or total N content of plants. However, the addition of Ni to both nitrate-grown and symbiotically grown plants resulted in a 7- to 10-fold increase in urease activity (urea amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.5) in leaves and significantly increased the hydrogenase activity (EC 1.18.3.1) in isolated nodule bacteroids. When cultured under chemolithotrophic conditions, free-living R. japonicum required Ni for growth and for the expression of hydrogenase activity. Hydrogenase activity was minimal or not …