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Pygmy Shrew, Microsorex Hoyi, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Includes the description, range, habitat, life history and ecology, basis of classification, and recommendations of/for the pygmy shrew (Microsorex hoyi) in Pennsylvania, USA.

Fly Ash From Full Scale Trona Injection Studies, Raymond T. Greer, Da-Tong Zhang

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Sodium sesquicarbonate (NaHCO₃-Na2CO₃-2H₂O) and the mineral trona (NaHCO₃-Na2CO₃-2H₂O) have been utilized as effective dry sorbents for SO₂ in flue gas during fossil fuel plant full-scale injection studies conducted at the Cameo Station, Unit 1, of Public Service Company of Colorado near Grand Junction, CO. Microstructural and microchemical characterization studies of fly ash samples from these studies identify decomposition features for these carbonates that relate to the development of satisfactory reaction surface areas for combination with SO₂ from flue gas. The major features are non-sulfur bearing microspheres …

Freeze-Drying And Related Preparation Techniques For Biological Microprobe Analysis, Romuald Wróblewski, Joanna Wróblewski, Matti Anniko, Lars Edström

Scanning Electron Microscopy

An X-ray microanalytical and morphological investigation has been carried out on rapidly frozen, freeze-dried or freeze-substituted tissues. A comparison was made between different embedding and polymerisation procedures following freeze-substitution and freeze-drying. The investigation also included an analysis of specimens infiltrated, embedded and polymerised by ultraviolet irradiation at low temperatures with Lowicryl HM20. The morphological preservation of Lowicryl embedded tissue was adequate for the identification of different cell structures like nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes and different types of endoplasmic reticulum. X-ray microanalytical investigation of low temperature embedded material displayed an elemental composition of cells and organelles similar to that found in freeze-dried …

Recent Developments In Electrical Microcharacterization Using The Charge Collection Mode Of The Scanning Electron Microscope, D. B. Holt, M. Lesniak

Scanning Electron Microscopy

There are six distinguishable types of charge collection (CC) signal. Consequently specially designed CC detection systems are needed to obtain e.g. true EBIC and EBIV measurements and make quantitative electrical microcharacterization possible. EBIC and EBIV can arise from fields due to barriers such as p-n junctions or due to changes in doping e.g. p to p+. Materials, defect and device parameters are calculable from these signals. Hot-cold stages are important for temperature dependence studies of contrast, for improving signal to noise ratios and reducing leakage currents. Image processing and pattern recognition methods are vital for rapidly locating and evaluating the …

Applications Of Scanning Electron Microscopy And X-Ray Microanalysis In Inner Ear Pathology, M. Anniko, D. J. Lim, A. Sobin, R. Wróblewski

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Surface pathology of inner ear structures so far described in detail concern cochlear and vestibular hair cells and the stria vascularis. In man, surgical intervention into the inner ear is very uncommon and when performed is in general with the primary objective of destroying the diseased peripheral end organs. The vast majority of inner ear tissue available for use with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is therefore obtained from animals.

The present paper reviews the progression of surface pathology caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics, acoustic overstimulation and in a guinea pig strain with genetic inner ear disease. The primary site of onset …

Cell Movement And Contraction In Somite Development, Ellen A. G. Chernoff

Scanning Electron Microscopy

During somite formation the segmental plate mesoderm, lying on either side of the axial organs, reorganizes into roughly spherical pairs of epithelial structures. This segmentation process includes changes in cell shape and position, cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesive properties and accumulation of extracellular matrix material which proceed down the anterior-posterior axis. Later in somite development the sclerotome region "disperses", migrating around the spinal cord where it produces the cartilage model of the vertebral column. Experimental manipulation of segmentation and sclerotome dispersal with drugs affecting microfilaments, microtubules and calcium-dependent contraction suggest that cells migrate into position, elongate, and undergo apical contraction as …

Tracking Mammals With Fluorescent Pigments: A New Technique, Cliff A. Lemen, Patricia W. Freeman

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

We have developed a new technique for following the movement of small mammals at night. It entails the use of fluorescent pigments and ultraviolet light. This method allows one to gather extremely accurate information on the location of animals and to trace the movement of individuals for up to 900 m. For much of this distance a detailed record is left by the trail of pigment. It can then be determined which objects are manipulated, what plants are climbed, what burrows are entered and which items are eaten. The use of fluorescent pigments to track animals has two other major …

Ultrastructural Studies Of Crystal-Organic Matrix Relations In Renal Stones, P. -T. Cheng, A. D. Reid, K. P. H. Pritzker

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Biochemically the organic matrix of kidney stones contains mucoproteins, mucopolysaccharides, inorganic material and bound water. Morphologically, the organic matrix exists as either amorphous or fibrous forms. We have attempted to critically evaluate results from analytical and morphological studies on stone matrices using light microscopy, histochemistry, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray energy dispersive spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction.

On the surface of calcium oxalate stones, there are usually large masses of randomly deposited calcium oxalate crystals each coated with organic matrix. Transmission electron microscopy shows these large surface crystals are composed of rows of smaller crystallites …

Electron Beam Induced Damage On Passivated Metal Oxide Semiconductor Devices, S. Görlich, E. Kubalek

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Electron beam testing of integrated circuits (IC) is currently based on the electron beam induced conductivity in insulators to short the passivation layer and to enable a voltage measurement at covered conductor tracks. However, applying this technique to passivated MOS devices causes severe radiation damage, which was at first explained by primary electrons penetrating into the deep-lying gate oxide. Nondestructive electron beam testing was expected by using low electron energies that do not allow the primary electrons to reach into the gate oxide.

Therefore here the influence of nonpenetrating electron irradiation on the characteristics of passivated NMOS transistors has been …

Feed Requirements For Maintenance And Lactation Of F1 Cows Representing Diverse Biological Types, Larry D. Cundiff, Calvin L. Ferrell, Thomas G. Jenkins

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

There are significant differences in weaning weight per cow exposed to breeding among F₁ cow breed groups. (See "Characterization of Breeds Representing Diverse Biological Types: Reproduction and Maternal Performance of F₁ Cows" elsewhere in this report.) These differences are associated with variation among breeds in reproduction, milk production, and growth rate of progeny. Also, there are significant differences among F₁ cows in mature weight. Heavier mature weight is associated with more rapid growth rate of progeny, and heavier weights increase output per cow from the production system when cows are sold. However, it also increases the nutrient …

Sequence Relationships Among Soil-Borne Wheat Mosaic Virus Rna Species And Terminal Structures Of Rna Ii, Y. H. Hsu, M. K. Brakke

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Gel-separated RNAs of the wild-type (WT), Lab 1 and Lab 2 isolates of soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) were transferred to nitrocellulose filters and hybridized with specific cDNA. RNA I, but not RNA II, from all three SBWMV isolates hybridized to cDNA copied from SBWMV WT RNA I. RNA II from all three SBWMV isolates hybridized to cDNA copied from SBWMV WT RNA II, confirming the hypothesis that the Lab 1 and Lab 2 isolates arose by deletion of part of RNA II of WT virions. RNA I1 from SBWMV WT (0∙5L RNA) or from SBWMV Lab 1 (0.35L RNA) …

Pasture Manipulation And Root Diseases Of Cereals., W Macleod

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Rotation for wheat comparing pure clover ley with a pasture ley, 79E15. Pasture renovation techniques and crop production in a 1:2 rotation, 81E35. Pasture manipulation effects on take-all, 85E32

Eradicating Fruit Fly From Carnarvon, Kingsley Thomas Fisher

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Late last year the Mediteranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Weidemann) was eradicated from Canarvon, Western Australia by using an intergrated programme of sterile insect releases and bait spraying.

The eradication marked the end of a four-year study on the use and effectiveness of the Sterile Insect Technique, a biological control technique which uses an insect pest against itself. such a study can be used as a basis for treating other threatening insect pests, such as the serious cattle pest screw-worm fly, should they be found in Asustralia.

Being a biological control method, the Sterile Insect Technique is an exellent …

Water Quality For Irrigation, P R. George

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Although irrigation and salinity problems are frequently inseperable, there is a range of management methods that can be used to handle marginal quality water. Freuently these methods are simple, but require careful planning.

The wide range in tolerance of crops to salinity can be exploiter to ensure that appropriate crops are selected for the water available.

Because crops vary in their sensitivity to salt uptake in the leaves or the roots, watering methods can be changed to avoid problems. For profitable production enough water should be applied to ensure adequate water is available for plant growth as well as to …

A Survey Of Drench Resistance In Sheep Worms, J R. Edwards, R. Wroth, G. C. De Chaneet, R. B. Besier, J. Karlsson, P. W. Morcombe, D. Roberts, G. Dalton-Morgan

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Sheep worms which are resistant to chemical drenches have been detected with increasing freuency is Western Australia's south-western farming areas between 977 and 1980. These worms have anthelmintic resistance and such genetis resistance puts essential internal parasite control practices at risk.

This prompted veterinarians in the Esperance, Albany, Bunbury, Geraldton and Northam areas to survey farms to determine the prevalence of resistance to drenches and to define those sheep management practices which encourage its development.

This article describes the survey which was conducted to assess the extent of drench resistance, what causes its build-up and how it can be controlled …

Cyanonews (Vol. 1, No. 2, December 1985), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.

Cyanonews (Vol. 1, No. 1, July 1985), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.

Sensible Animals: [Dr. Donald R. Griffin], Fulvio Bardossi, Judith N. Schwartz

Rockefeller University Research Profiles

Rockefeller University Research Profiles are a series of scientific profiles that were published quarterly, from 1980-1990, by the Rockefeller University. Each issue features the research and achievements of an individual Rockefeller University scientist.

In Vivo Light Microscopy Of Organs, Robert S. Mccuskey

Scanning Electron Microscopy

High resolution, brightfield and fluorescence, light microscopic methods have been developed for examining living organs in situ. The methods permit study of the rate, duration, magnitude and direction of dynamic histologic, pathologic, physiologic and pharmacologic events. In addition, morphometric analyses of such living preparations can provide basic information needed to evaluate alterations induced by fixation and processing of these organs for electron microscopy. Most organs are amenable to such investigations. In anesthetized animals, the selected organ is trans-and/or epi-illuminated with selected wavelengths of monochromatic light, imaged with water immersion objectives and the resulting monochromatic optical images televised using silicon …

Physics Of The Preparation And Observation Of Specimens That Involve Cryoprocedures, E. Kellenberger, E. Carlemalm, W. Villiger

Scanning Electron Microscopy

With this introductory chapter we attempt a synthesis of old and new knowledge of the physical principles that govern cryomethods. Interface phenomena determine the increase or decrease of the number of particles observed in frozen-hydrated suspensions because they occupy the air-liquid interface according to their specific balance of hydrophobic versus hydrophilic properties. Biological macromolecules are surrounded by organised water, the hydration shell, that prevents them from sticking to each other. Partial or complete removal of these hydration shells by freeze-drying or freeze-substitution leads to collapses or aggregations. The solvent-induced aggregation is usually decreased by prior cross-linking with adequate chemical fixatives. …

On The Application And Possibilities Of In Vivo Microscopy In Liver Research, E. Wisse, R. S. Mccuskey

Scanning Electron Microscopy

In vivo microscopy (IVM) provides a valuable method for studying the histophysiology of the living liver. The method allows observation of living cells in the intact organ of an anesthetized animal with an undisturbed microcirculation, at a magnification and a resolution comparable to normal light microscopy of sectioned material. Due to the absence of preparative procedures, the image differs substantially from histological sections, but it has the advantage of providing us with a reference preparation free of artifacts. In the case of the liver, we have the opportunity to observe directly such details as bile capillaries, intracellular fat droplets, lysosomes, …

Fungicides For Control Of Pythium Ultimum On Greenhouse-Grown Geraniums, Nancy L. Olson, F. L. Phleger

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Subdue 2E applied by drench at 18.7 ppm to soil inoculated with Pythium ultimum and in which rooted cuttings of geranium had been planted, was found to be free of the fungus during the test period of 30 days and caused no injury to the plants. Banrot 40W at 240 ppm and Truban 25E at 145 ppm were only slightly fungistatic.

Ultrastructure Of Flagellated Chrysophytes. Iv. Chrysosphaerella, Daniel E. Wujek

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Information on the fine structure of naturally occurring cells of Chrysosphaerella brevispina and C. longispina is given and some new data are presented. The ultrastructure is generally typical for the Chrysophyceae although both perinuclear cisternae and cytoplasmic endobiotic bacteria occur. A paraflagella rod occurs in the photoreceptor area of the short, second flagellum. Siliceous scale and bristle origin are illustrated.

Acetylation-Deacetylation Of Synaptosomal Proteins: Effect Of Na+ / S. Berl, A. Colon And D. D. Clarke. Mt. Sinai School Of Medicine, New York, N.Y. 10029, Soll Berl, Arlene D. Colon, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Synaptosomes (S) when incubated with 3H-acetate (HA), are rapidly labeled. The perchloric acid (PCA) precipitable proteins contain most of the radioactivity probably as the acetyl moiety, which is released in a volatile form after acid or base hydrolysis (Berl et al., - J. Neurochem. 40:176, 1983). Much of the radioactivity was chased by addition of unlabeled acetate suggesting that the acetylation was reversible. Labeling was also decreased in the presence of veratridine/veratrine (V, 100uPt!) and this effect was prevented by tetrodotoxin (2uM). When Na was omitted from the incubation medium, the incorporation of (HA) was increased; however, the effect of …

Wpa News 7 (1985), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (January 1985), number 7

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Glutaraldehyde Fixation Chemistry A Scheme For Rapid Crosslinking And Evidence For Rapid Oxygen Consumption, Timothy J. A. Johnson

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The chemical literature suggests that pyridine derivatives are the major reaction products of amine-aldehyde reactions. A scheme is proposed for pyridine synthesis which is derived from a classic synthesis of pyridines from one amine molecule and 3 aldehyde molecules. The pyridine polymers are considered as a major class of cross-links in glutaraldehyde fixed cells. This scheme for pyridine synthesis accounts for the following observations of amine-glutaraldehyde react ions: 1) large quantities of acid are rapidly produced, 2) oxygen uptake occurs at a high rate, 3) a variety of products distinguished by molecular size are rapidly and irreversibly synthesized, and 4) …

Tandem Scanning Reflected Light Microscopy, Mojmir Petran, Milan Hadravsky, Alan Boyde, Martin Mueller

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Most attempts at optical microscopy of bulk living objects have failed because of reflections from optical components and the object surface, and overlapping of unsharp out-of-focus images with the one (weak) sharp in-focus image. The optical signal in the image plane thus consists of a strong d.c. component, a weak noise and a still weaker signal. Most of the first two components can be suppressed by scanning in concordance with both the illuminating and the image-forming rays. In the first scan the focussed-on-object plane is illuminated only in several very fine discrete spots. In the second scan only that light …

Cryofixation And Cryosubstitution For Routine Work In Transmission Electron Microscopy, H. Sitte, K. Neumann, L. Edelmann

Scanning Electron Microscopy

After a brief review of the present state of the theory of cryofixation, methods and instruments as well as criteria for the application of cryofixation and cryosubstitution in daily routine work in cell biology and medicine are described. Good results are obtainable using liquid nitrogen for impact freezing on highly polished copper surfaces or by plunging into liquefied propane. Based on these results a versatile and safe system for routine plunging and impact freezing for the majority of biomedical objects has been developed. In order to enable ultramicrotomy at ambient temperature a cryosubstitution system according to the Edelmann principle has …

Cryopreparation Of Tissue For Electron Microscopy, John G. Linner, Stephen C. Bennett, Donna S. Harrison, Alton L. Steiner

Scanning Electron Microscopy

An apparatus able to remove amorphous phase tissue water without recrystallization or rehydration has been produced. Application of this technique to biological samples achieves both the preservation of ultrastructure and the retention of cellular macromolecules and solute without redistribution or modification.

Small pieces of fresh tissue were cryofixed by the method of bounce free metal-mirror freezing on polished copper bars at liquid nitrogen temperature. Tissue samples were then placed under liquid nitrogen in a copper sample holder equipped with a thermocouple and feedback controlled heating circuit. Under liquid nitrogen the sample block was placed in a stainless steel sample chamber …

Breeding Cattle For Genetic Resistance To Disease, Roger T. Stone, Larry V. Cundiff

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

For many hundreds of years cattle with the greatest resistance to disease have probably survived to leave more offspring in succeeding generations than those less resistant to disease. Resistance to disease also may have increased indirectly through a favorable association with other characteristics, such as growth rate or milk yield, which have received major emphasis in genetic improvement programs in cattle. However, except for some selection against mastitis in dairy cattle, genetic resistance to disease has not received direct emphasis in genetic improvement programs. Greater understanding of biological mechanisms involved in disease resistance could lead to more effective selection of …