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Variation In Population Sex Ratio And Mating Success Of Asexual Lineages Of Alsophila Pometaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), Lawrence G. Harshman, Douglas J. Futuyma

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

Populations of Alsophila pometaria (Harris) are largely gynogenetic and composed of asexual females that must mate with a conspecific male to reproduce. Within this asexual contingent, there are a variety of electrophoretically defined multilocus genotypes. In this study we found that populations differ in sex ratio. We also found that there is an indication of differential mating success among asexual genotypes in a population of A. pometaria.

Characterization Of A New Freshwater Methanogen, Methanogenium Wolfei Sp. Nov., Theodore B. Moore

Dissertations and Theses

A recently isolated freshwater methanogenium species, Methanogenium wolfei, is characterized. Cells were irregular cocci, measuring 1.5 to 2.0 micrometers in diameter. No motility was observed, but 1 to 2 flagella per cell were observed after staining with Gray's Flagella Stain. Colonies formed by this species were small, shiny, and green-brown in color. Formate or hydrogen plus carbon dioxide served as substrates for growth. The optimal temperature for growth was found to be 45 degrees centigrade with minimal growth below 30 degrees centigrade and above 55 degrees centigrade. The optimal pH for growth was determined to be 6.8. Optimal growth was …

Acetylcholinesterase In The Neonatal Rat Brain: The Effects Of Prenatal Ethanol Exposure, Linda M. Boland

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the neonatal rat brain was determined by histochemical localization and quantitative biochemical analysis. AChE-positive perikarya were concentrated in the neostriatum, globus pallidus, medial habenular nucleus, amygdaloid complex, various hypothalamic nuclei, gigantocellular and paragigantocellular reticular nuclei, raphe nuclei, locus coeruleus, and motor nuclei of cranial nerves III-VII and IX-XII. Some areas stained differently or not at all when compared with the adult rat brain. The effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on regional AChE activity were assessed by comparing enzyme levels in offspring exposed via maternal consumption of a liquid diet containing 35 percent ethanol derived calories. This …

The Relationship Between Habitat Structure And Small Mammal Communities In Southeastern Virginia And Northeastern North Carolina, Roger Keith Everton

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A variety of terrestrial habitats was pitfall trapped in the vicinity of the Great Dismal Swamp of eastern Virginia and North Carolina to evaluate the small mammal community within the region. Habitat variables were measured at the end of the growing season on 21 0.25 ha grids. Four multivariate tests were used to examine the small mammal communities, their relationship with habitat structure, and the role of habitat selection in community structure.

Cluster and ordination analysis revealed the existence of two distinct associations of small mammals, and their habitat types, within the region. The small mammal associations were interpreted as …

A Biochemical And Genetic Analysis Of The American Shad Alosa Sapidissima Migrating Into The Chesapeake Bay, Edward Norbert Sismour

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Seven enzymes extracted from heart and liver tissues of American shad Alosa sapidissima captured during migrations into the Chesapeake Bay and Nansemond River were electrophoretically surveyed. Malate dehydrogenase and nonspecific esterase displayed polymorphic loci. The esterase polymorphism was used as a biochemical genetic marker to analyze the shad migration through the southern Chesapeake Bay. The genetic composition of the shad migration changed significantly over time indicating that this migration is probably composed of multiple, genetically divergent spawning populations. Results of this study are subject to differing interpretations. Observed temporal heterogeneity may result from separation of northern and James River stocks …

The Distribution Of Ceratia Over The Mid-Atlantic Bight, Paul V. Zimba

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The distribution and concentration of Ceratium species, between Cape Hatteras, North Carolina and Long Island, New York ls discussed in relation to specific physical factors and the development of a phytoplankton bloom. The progression of high Ceratium counts Is discussed for the Bight areas of New York, Delaware, and the Chesapeake Bay (April through June). The concentration of Ceratium species declined after June, with highest concentrations along the New York and Delaware coast-lines. Coastal regions (less than 12 km from shore) were associated with high concentrations of several species. Path and regression analysis were used to relate physical factors and …

X-Ray Microanalysis Of Urinary Stones, A Comparison With Other Methods, K. M. Kim, H. B. Alpaugh, F. B. Johnson

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A previous study of urinary stones by a combined electron microscopy demonstrated the potential of scanning electron microscopy and X- ray analysis as an analytic tool for urinary stones. Electron diffraction was chosen for the final confirmation of crystals in the study. Although electron diffraction is highly accurate for this purpose, it is desirable to establish the sensitivity of X-ray analysis for the identification of stone components relative to the more commonly used methods. Eighty six consecutive urinary stones were analyzed by X-ray analysis and the findings were compared with those of X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrometry and chemical analysis. The …

Delineation Of Emitter-Collector Shorts In Bipolar Test Structures By Voltage Contrast Scanning Electron Microscopy, A. H. Carim, R. Sinclair, W. T. Stacy

Scanning Electron Microscopy

In examining emitter-collector shorts and their relationship to structural defects, we desire a nondestructive method for locating the short-circuited devices in large test arrays. Voltage contrast scanning electron microscopy (VC-SEM) and an established electrochemical anodization technique have been used to identify electrically faulty bipolar transistors. Direct comparison of these approaches was achieved by examining the same emitters with each method. The results indicate that VC-SEM may serve as a useful technique for delineating E-C shorts because of its nondestructive and purely electrical nature. In our qualitative investigation, the sensitivity and voltage resolution available by VC-SEM were not sufficient to differentiate …

Ion Discrimination Effects In The Laser Microprobe Mass Analyzer, Eric Michiels, Marc De Wolf, Renaat Gijbels

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Different discrimination effects have been observed for atomic and polyatomic cluster ions when varying the ion lens potential of the laser microprobe mass analyzer. This is attributed to the chromatic aberration of the einzel lens, leading to different effects on ions with different energy distributions. Ion kinetic energy distributions were measured using the cut-off property of an ion reflector. The energies of elemental ions are higher and the energy distributions broader than those of polyatomic ions. Chemically different ion species have different energy distributions. An attempt is made to correlate the instrumental effects with results from ray tracing computer programs.

Collagen Deposition During Wound Repair, Charles J. Doillon, Michael G. Dunn, Richard A. Berg, Frederick H. Silver

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Collagen fiber diameters, amount of birefringent collagen (brightness) and birefringence retardation were measured in implanted collagen-based sponges containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and fibronectin (FN). In the presence of HA and FN, increased number of fibroblasts and brightness were observed 6 days after wounding. Increased brightness in the presence of HA and FN reflected increased deposition of oriented collagen fibers. From days 9 to 12, increased fiber diameters were similar in implanted collagen-based sponges with or without HA and FN. Increased birefringence retardation in sponges containing HA and FN was consistent with increased packing density of collagen fibers observed by scanning …

Amphibian Lampbrush Chromosome Loops: Correlative Light Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, And Scanning Electron Microscopy Observations, M. L. Bonnanfant-Jais, E. N'Da, M. Penrad-Mobayed, N. Angelier

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The RNP matrix of landmark loops in Pleurodeles waltlii lampbrush chromosomes have been examined by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. This study shows that in normal loops as well as granular, globular and dense loops, the RNP matrices are composed of one basic structure: an RNP particle with a diameter of 30 nm. The scanning electron microscope study also clarified the spatial arrangement of the various types of RNP matrices. The specific morphology of the RNP matrices is due to i) the progressive packaging of transcription products and ii) a concomitant and gradual coiling of the loop axis.

Approach To A Stable Field Emission Electron Source, H. Adachi

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Field emission occurs at the sharp apex of a metal needle, so that it can be considered as providing a point electron source, which is a desirable feature for a fine focused electron beam. The disadvantage is its low stability. It is shown that the current fluctuations occur mainly due to the interaction with the residual gas in the vacuum; thus reduction of the interaction with the residual gas is essential for a stable field electron source. The stringency of the vacuum requirement has prevented wide application of the field emission electron source. New materials which have low work functions …

Application Of Chelex Standard Beads In Integrated Morphometrical And X-Ray Microanalysis, W. C. De Bruijn, M. I. Cleton-Soeteman

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Chelex ion exchange beads loaded with a known amount (18.3% weight percentage (w/w)) of platinum, have been co-embedded with a mouse peritoneal cell population. To establish the influence of the various deconvolution methods applied, upon the platinum concentration in cytoplasmic granules and erythrocytes these cross-sectioned beads are used as a standard. It is concluded that irrespective of the deconvolution method chosen 1) the Pt concentration inside the particles is identical when the particles and the co-embedded Chelex Pt standard, are analysed strictly under the same instrumental conditions 2) the Pt concentration outside the particle is zero, or virtually zero when …

Development Of Fungal Calcium Oxalate Crystals Associated With The Basidiocarps Of Geastrum Minus (Lycoperdales), H. T. Horner, L. H. Tiffany, A. M. Cody, G. Knaphus

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Calcium oxalate crystals were observed on facing peridial surfaces of developing basidiocarps of Geastrum minus. Five crystal forms were characterized by their outward shapes and X-ray diffraction patterns: Form One, small bipyramids (COD); Form Two, crystals with split tips (COD); Form Three, crystals with oriented overgrowths (COD); Form Four, large bipyramids (COD); and Form Five, rosettes of plate-like crystals (COM). Forms One and Two were first to appear after peridia separated in unopened basidiocarps, whereas Forms Three, Four and Five were present on exposed peridia of opened basidiocarps. Based on time of appearance …

Scanning Electron Microscopy As An Analytical Tool For The Study Of Calcified Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices, S. R. Khan, E. J. Wilkinson

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Within the endometrial cavity intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) become encrusted with cellular, acellular, and fibrillar substances. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the crust. Cellular material consisted mainly of blood cells and various types of bacteria. The fibrillar material appeared to be fibrin which was omnipresent in the crust and formed a thin layer immediately over the IUD surface. X-ray microanalysis of the acellular component of the crust revealed the presence of calcium. No other major peaks were identified. Near the IUD surface characteristic calcium phosphate crystals were present. Their microanalysis showed peaks for calcium and phosphorus. X-ray diffraction …

The Pleurograms And Seed Surface Patterns Of Some Mimosoideae (Leguminosae) Genera, Randy T. Baker, Terry L. Bridges, Louis H. Bragg

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Seeds of twenty species representing eight mimosoid genera were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine if variations in the pleurograms and seed topographies exist and if these variations might have taxonomic potential. The pleurogram has been previously considered a feature of many mimosoid seeds but has not been adequately described and critically evaluated as to its shape and other features. The pleurogram shapes of the examined seeds can be placed in four general categories: elliptic, ovate, obovate, lanceolate. If the length/width ratio of the pleurogram is considered as well as the extent of the openness of the pleurogram …

Recent Advances In X-Ray Microanalysis In Dermatology, Bo Forslind, Thomas G. Grundin, Magnus Lindberg, Godfried M. Roomans, Ylva Werner

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Electron microprobe and proton microprobe X-ray analysis can be used in several areas of dermatological research. With a proton probe, the distribution of trace elements in human hair can be determined. In contrast to sulfur, which is homogeneously distributed, calcium, iron, and zinc appear to be non-homogeneously distributed over the hair cross-section.

Electron microprobe analysis on freeze-dried cryosections of guinea-pig and human epidermis shows a marked gradient of Na, P and K over the stratum granulosum. In sections of freeze-substituted human skin this gradient is less steep. This difference is likely to be due to a decrease in water content …

The Endangered Species Act And Western Water Projects, Lawrence J. Macdonnell

Western Water Law in Transition (Summer Conference, June 3-5)

20 pages.

Contains references.

Post-Mortem Storage Of Tissue For X-Ray Microanalysis In Pathology, Godfried M. Roomans, Joanna Wroblewski

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Possible alternatives to rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen of tissue for X- ray microanalysis of electrolytes at the cellular level were investigated. These alternatives might be used in cases where tissue becomes available for examination, e.g., at autopsy, but liquid nitrogen is not immediately available. Rat submandibular gland was used as a test tissue. Freezing of pieces of tissue in a conventional freezer at -80°C or even at -20°C retained the elemental distribution at the cellular level, and also retained the difference between a 'normal' and a 'pathological' (mimicked by an inject ion of a high dose of isoproterenol) situation. …

Federal And State Regulation Of Activities Affecting Water Quality, Julia B. Epley

Western Water Law in Transition (Summer Conference, June 3-5)

54 pages.

The Application Of Physico-Chemical Procedures In The Analysis Of Urinary Calculi, Allen L. Rodgers

Scanning Electron Microscopy

All physico-chemical techniques used in the analysis of urinary calculi have inherent advantages and limitations. Al though x-ray powder diffraction can identify constituents unambiguously, certain minor components can be missed. Infrared spectroscopy is more sensitive but band assignment at low concentrations is difficult. Scanning electron microscopy together with energy dispersive x-ray analysis permits the simultaneous investigation of morphology and chemical microstructure. However, microanalysis of elements lighter than sodium is not possible and constituents are prone to irradiation damage. With the electron microprobe, minor constituents can be detected but tedious sample preparation procedures are required. Transmission electron microscopy is extremely useful …

Administering Water Rights: The Colorado System, Raymond L. Petros

Western Water Law in Transition (Summer Conference, June 3-5)

140 pages (includes illustrations and maps).

Contains bibliography.

Current Concepts Of Metabolic Functional Imaging With Positron Emitters, John W. Keyes Jr.

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Positron emitting radionuclides have unique properties that make them nearly ideal as radioactive tracers for in vivo metabolic studies. Using positron emission tomographic (PET) scanning and positron-labeled radiopharmaceuticals, one can study local glucose metabolism in tissues, blood flow, oxygen utilization, protein synthesis, and many other functions noninvasively in normal subjects and patients who have various diseases. A review of some of these techniques and the relative advantages and problems associated with the PET approach is presented.

Survivorship And Growth Of Sexually And Asexually Derived Larvae Of Alsophila Pometaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), Lawrence G. Harshman, Douglas J. Futuyma

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

A substantial body of theory is devoted to understanding the relative advantages of sexual and asexual reproduction. It is generally understood that asexual forms potentially have a higher rate of reproduction because they save the cost of producing males. The micro-evolutionary consequences of sexual and asexual reproduction are less clear. Sexual reproduction generates abundant genotypic diversity which may be adaptively advantageous (Williams 1975; Maynard Smith 1978). Asexual reproduction may perpetuate combinations of genes that are co-adapted (Templeton 1979), heterotic (Suomalainen et al. 1976; White 1979), or specialized (Vrijenhoek 1979, 1984). Thus, it is possible that the fitness of a sexual …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 17, No. 2. June 1985

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A CHECKLIST OF TEXAS ANTS ▪ G. C. Wheeler and J. Wheeler

HABITAT SELECTION BY SMALL MAMMALS OF THE TALL-GRASS PRAIRIE: EXPERIMENTAL PATCH CHOICE ▪ S. K. Peterson, G. A. Kaufman, and D. W. Kaufman

CORN CONSUMPTION BY WINTERING MALLARDS DURING MORNING FIELD-FLIGHTS ▪ R. J. Whyte and E. G. Bolen

CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA - 1984 ▪ R. N. Randall

MOUNTAIN PLOVER FOOD ITEMS ON AND ADJACENT TO A PRAIRIE DOG TOWN ▪ S. L. Olson

ECOLOGICAL DISTURBANCE IN …

Possible Addition Of The Prairie Skink To The Diet Of The Common Grackle, Louis A. Somma

Nebraska Bird Review

On 8 June 1984, at the intersection of California Street and the Union Pacific railroad tracks, just west of Saddle Creek Road in Omaha, a Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscala) was seen flying approximately 2 m above the observer, with a large adult prairie skink, (Eumeces septentrionalis) (Reptilia; Sauria) in its bill. The Grackle had difficulty flying, since the skink was somewhat heavy and struggling violently, The Grackle dropped to the ground about 7 m away and released the lizard. The skink lay on its back, twitching slightly. The distal half of its tail was missing. The …

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Current And Future Clinical Applications, Jerry W. Froelich, David O. Hearshen, Robert D. Halpert, Suresh Patel

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Nuclear magnetic resonance has evolved from a laboratory analytical tool to become a rapidly developing discipline in clinical medicine. We present a brief historical overview, an introduction to the basic principles of the phenomenon, and a statement of the current status of clinical imaging. We have elected to use the traditional terminology nuclear magnetic resonance to refer to the imaging component of the field rather than the American College of Radiology (ACR) modification magnetic resonance. We do this out of respect for the founders of the field.

A Behavioral And Ecological Study Of The Fiddler Crab Uca Crenulata, Magali Hantson-Parker

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The social interaction and behavioral activities of a population of fiddler crabs, Uca crenulatat located in the "Aqua Hedianda" lagoon in Carlsbad, California, is the subject of this study.

Variations in environmental factors as well as seasonal behavioral changes cause an important fluctuation in the male to female ratio and in population density.

A daily and seasonal variation is observed in the different behavioral activities displayed by the crab colony and are caused by biotic and abiotic environmental factors and by intrinsic hormonal changes.

A male color variation from dark to light is related to behavioral changes during the breeding …

Cryptosporidiosis In The Immunosuppressed Mouse And In Cell Culture, Mercy Prabhu Das

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic infection primarily of animals that has been recently recognized as an important disease in immunocompromised humans. Most cases to date have occurred in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Persons with abnormal humoral or cellular immune function, and even normal subjects, have also been affected.

To determine whether or not mice, when experimentally immunosuppressed, would develop cryptosporidiosis, a test was designed using the AKR/J strain. This strain was selected because, it was previously reported that it was the strain shown to respond most readily to the production of disease caused by the opportunistic protozoan, Pneumocystis carinii …

Nebraska Bird Review (June 1985) 53(2), Whole Issue

Nebraska Bird Review

The Historic Breeding Distribution of the Least Tern in Nebraska … 26

Possible Addition of the Prairie Skink to the Diet of the Common Grackle … 36

Observations of the Barred Owl in Southeastern Nebraska … 37

The Eighty-fourth Annual Meeting … 38

Notes … 39