Digital Commons Network^™

Evaluating A Medical Error Taxonomy, Juliana Brixey, Todd R. Johnson, Jiajie Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Healthcare has been slow in using human factors principles to reduce medical errors. The Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) recognizes that a lack of attention to human factors during product development may lead to errors that have the potential for patient injury, or even death. In response to the need for reducing medication errors, the National Coordinating Council for Medication Errors Reporting and Prevention (NCC MERP) released the NCC MERP taxonomy that provides a standard language for reporting medication errors. This project maps the NCC MERP taxonomy of medication error to MedWatch medical errors involving infusion pumps. Of …

Discounting And Reciprocity In An Iterated Prisoner’S Dilemma, David W. Stephens, Colleen M. Mclinn, Jeffrey R. Stevens

Jeffrey Stevens Publications

The Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma (IPD) is a central paradigm in the study of animal cooperation. According to the IPD framework, repeated play (repetition) and reciprocity combine to maintain a cooperative equilibrium. However, experimental studies with animals suggest that cooperative behavior in IPDs is unstable, and some have suggested that strong preferences for immediate benefits (that is, temporal discounting) might explain the fragility of cooperative equilibria. We studied the effects of discounting and strategic reciprocity on cooperation in captive blue jays. Our results demonstrate an interaction between discounting and reciprocity. Blue jays show high stable levels of cooperation in treatments with …

Piagetian Developmental Reasoning Levels Of High School Students In Differentiated First Year Chemistry Courses, Pamela Kay Brewer-Michael

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This research studied the developmental reasoning levels of students in three different first year high school chemistry courses as related to achievement defined by cumulative grade point average and course selection. The Lawson Test of Formal Operations modified by Roy Unruh and Bruce Perry at the University of Northern Iowa was used to determine cognitive developmental level of subjects. A consumer type chemistry course, a traditional high school chemistry course, and an honors course under consideration with Marshalltown Community College for credit status were the three courses utilized in this study. Data was collected in a classroom group setting over …

Toward A Cognitive Taxonomy Of Medical Errors, Jiajie Zhang, Vimla L Patel, Todd R Johnson, Edward H Shortliffe

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

One critical step in addressing and resolving the problems associated with human errors is the development of a cognitive taxonomy of such errors. In the case of errors, such a taxonomy may be developed (1) to categorize all types of errors along cognitive dimensions, (2) to associate each type of error with a specific underlying cognitive mechanism, (3) to explain why, and even predict when and where, a specific error will occur, and (4) to generate intervention strategies for each type of error. Based on Reason's (1992) definition of human errors and Norman's (1986) cognitive theory of human action, we …

The Feasibility Of Using Propositional Analysis As A Method For Understanding Differences Between Physicians And Nurses Reading Emrs, Constance M. Johnson, Todd Johnson, Vimla L. Patel, James P. Turley

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Designing Human-Centered Distributed Information Systems, Jiagie Zhang, Vimla L. Patel, Kathy A. Johnson, Jane Malin, Jack W. Smith

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Many computer systems are designed according to engineering and technology principles and are typically difficult to learn and use. The fields of human-computer interaction, interface design, and human factors have made significant contributions to ease of use and are primarily concerned with the interfaces between systems and users, not with the structures that are often more fundamental for designing truly human-centered systems. The emerging paradigm of human-centered computing (HCC)-which has taken many forms-offers a new look at system design. HCC requires more than merely designing an artificial agent to supplement a human agent. The dynamic interactions in a distributed system …

Manipulation Of Prenatal Hormones And Dietary Phytoestrogens During Adulthood Alter The Sexually Dimorphic Expression Of Visual Spatial Memory, Edwin D. Lephart, Trent D. Lund

Faculty Publications

In learning and memory tasks, requiring visual spatial memory (VSM), males exhibit higher performance levels compared to females (a difference attributed to sex steroid hormonal influences). Based upon the results from our companion investigation, this study examined the influence of prenatal sex steroid hormone manipulations on VSM in adulthood, as assessed in the radial arm maze. Additionally, the influence of dietary soy phytoestrogens (i.e., the presence of high or low estrogen-like compounds present in the animal's diet) on VSM was examined in combination with the prenatal hormonal manipulations. Results: Radial arm maze performance on a phytoestrogen-rich diet: 1) females treated …

Visual Spatial Memory Is Enhanced In Female Rats (But Inhibited In Males) By Dietary Soy Phytoestrogens, Edwin D. Lephart, Trent D. Lund, Timothy W. West, Lilyan Y. Tian, Lihong H. Bu, Daniel L. Simmons, Kenneth Setchell, Herman Adlercreutz

Faculty Publications

In learning and memory tasks, requiring visual spatial memory (VSM), males exhibit superior performance to females (a difference attributed to the hormonal influence of estrogen). This study examined the influence of phytoestrogens (estrogen-like plant compounds) on VSM, utilizing radial arm-maze methods to examine varying aspects of memory. Additionally, brain phytoestrogen, calbindin (CALB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels were determined. Results: Female rats receiving lifelong exposure to a high-phytoestrogen containing diet (Phyto-600) acquired the maze faster than females fed a phytoestrogen-free diet (Phyto-free); in males the opposite diet effect was identified. In a separate experiment, at 80 days-of-age, animals fed the Phyto-600 …

What Are We Doing To Prevent Entry Of Potentially Catastrophic Foreign Animal Diseases Into The Usa, Gary C. Smith

Range Beef Cow Symposium

What are Foreign Animal Diseases? By definition, a Foreign Animal Disease (FAD) is one which originates in another country and can, or does, enter the USA. An agency of our federal government, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), is charged with responsibility for preventing entry of FADs into our country and is especially vigilant regarding those FADs which would have potentially catastrophic effects on farm-animal populations, the agricultural economy and/or the public (human) health. Activities of APHIS specifically related to FADs include (USDA/APHIS, 2001): (a) Guarding our borders against foreign agricultural …

The Evolution Of Animal Play, Emotions, And Social Morality: On Science, Theology, Spirituality, Personhood, And Love, Marc Bekoff

Attitudes Towards Animals Collection

My essay first takes me into the arena in which science, spirituality, and theology meet. I comment on the enterprise of science and how scientists could well benefit from reciprocal interactions with theologians and religious leaders. Next, I discuss the evolution of social morality and the ways in which various aspects of social play behavior relate to the notion of “behaving fairly.” The contributions of spiritual and religious perspectives are important in our coming to a fuller understanding of the evolution of morality. I go on to discuss animal emotions, the concept of personhood, and how our special relationships with …

Mindful Virtue, Mindful Reverence, Ursula Goodenough, Paul Woodruff

Biology Faculty Research

How does one talk about moral thought and moral action as a religious naturalist? We explore this question by considering two human capacities: the capacity for mindfulness, and the capacity for virtue. We suggest that mindfulness is deeply enhanced by an understanding of the scientific worldview and that the four cardinal virtues—courage, fairmindedness, humaneness, and reverence—are rendered coherent by mindful reflection. We focus on the concept of mindful reverence and propose that the mindful reverence elicited by the evolutionary narrative is at the heart of religious naturalism. Religious education, we suggest, entails the cultivation of mindful virtue, in ourselves and …

Examining The Effects Of Deer Antler Velvet Supplementation On Muscular Strength, Performance, And Markers Of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness., Robyn Suzanne Percival

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To examine the effects of deer antler velvet on muscular strength, performance, and markers of delayed onset muscle soreness following a 10-week resistance training period.

Participants: 16 resistance-trained males (18-35) volunteered.

Measures: DEXA, 1-RM, a power test, and a 70% performance trial were measured. Creatine kinase and self-reported soreness levels were measured following an eccentric trial.

Results: No pre-experimental significant differences existed between the groups for any of the variables measured. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding body composition, strength, muscular performance, or improvements in creatine kinase and soreness levels from pre to post-intervention. Both groups …

Proprioception, Non-Law, And Biolegal History, Owen D. Jones

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

This Article explores several advantages of incorporating into law various insights from behavioral biology about how and why the brain works as it does. In particular, the Article explores the ways in which those insights can help illuminate the deep structure of human legal systems. That effort is termed "biolegal history."

Editorial Board & Iowa Academy Of Science Officers And Directors

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Cooling Rate On Crystallization Behavior Of Milk Fat Fraction/Sunflower Oil Blends, Silvana Martini, M. L. Herrera, R. W. Hartel

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

The effect of cooling rate (slow: 0.1°C/min; fast: 5.5°C/min) on the crystallization kinetics of blends of a highmelting milk fat fraction and sunflower oil (SFO) was investigated by pulsed NMR and DSC. For slow cooling rate, the majority of crystallization had already occurred by the time the set crystallization temperature had been reached. For fast cooling rate, crystallization started after the samples reached the selected crystallization temperature, and the solid fat content curves were hyperbolic. DSC scans showed that at slow cooling rates, molecular organization took place as the sample was being cooled to crystallization temperature and there was fractionation …

Area-Level Characteristics And Smoking In Women, Marilyn Tseng, Karin Yeatts, Robert Millikan, Beth Newman

Kinesiology and Public Health

Objectives. This study examined whether area-level characteristics are associated with individual smoking behavior among women.

Methods. Analyses included 648 women enrolled as control patients in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (1993–1996). Smoking and covariate information was obtained from interviews. Area-level characteristics included census block-group education level, poverty, unemployment, car–home ownership, crowding, and, for 431 women, city-level crime rates.

Results. In multivariate logistic regression models, no area characteristics were clearly associated with a history of smoking. Among those who had ever smoked, continued smoking was associated with living in low-education areas (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = …

Interactions Between Shoal Size And Conformity In Guppy Social Foraging, Rachel L. Day, Tom Macdonald, Culum Brown, Kevin N. Laland, Simon M. Reader

Sentience Collection

Previous experimental studies have established that shoaling fish forage more effectively in large than small groups. We investigated how shoal size affects the foraging efficiency of laboratory populations of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, exposed to different foraging tasks. Experiment 1 confirmed the prediction that in open water the first fish and focal fish of larger shoals locate food faster than in smaller shoals. However, a second experiment, in which shoals of fish were required to swim through a hole in an opaque partition to locate food, found the reverse pattern: smaller shoals learned to complete the task faster than large …

Wpa News 65 [66] (2001), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (November 2001), number 65 [66]

Published by the World Pheasant Association

2001 Scholars And Artists Bibliography, Michael Schwartz Library, Cleveland State University, Friends Of The Michael Schwartz Library

Scholars and Artists Bibliographies

This bibliography was created for the annual Friends of the Michael Schwartz Library Scholars and Artists Reception, recognizing scholarly and creative achievements of Cleveland State University faculty, staff and emeriti

Football Pregame, John Owens

John Owens: Speeches and Appearances

Good afternoon! I am John Owens, and it is my good fortune to be Vice President and Vice Chancellor of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Chancellor Harvey Perlman certainly regrets that he cannot be present at today’s pregame reception. His daughter is being recognized at Ak-Sar-Ben in Omaha, and he’s celebrating this very special occasion with his family.
And speaking of family, I would like to introduce my wife, Dr. Virginia Owens. This probably is the right time for me to confess that both Virginia and I are graduates of Texas Tech. Now, we want everyone to know that “alumni loyalty” …

Familiarity With The Test Environment Improves Escape Responses In The Crimson Spotted Rainbowfish, Melanotaenia Duboulayi, Culum Brown

Sentience Collection

Animals that are familiar with their environment have been reported to have greater survivorship for a number of reasons related to their knowledge of the terrain, which they recall from memory. In an initial experiment rainbowfish significantly improved their escape response towards a novel trawl apparatus over a sequence of five runs. Escape latencies were still low during a subsequent exposure 11 months after the initial exposure. While part of the improvement in escape success was certainly due to learning associated with the location of the escape route, it is likely that this was aided by habituation to the tank …

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 43 Number 2, Fall 2001, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

4 - A GRAND WEEKEND By Adam Breen. At the Grand Anniversary Weekend in June, thousands of alumni, family, and friends gathered to celebrate 150 years of Santa Clara University.

12 - MUSICAL CHAIRS By Jacqueline Tasch. Peter Minowitz loves an audience, whether it is the students in his political science classes or the jazz lovers in local clubs.

14 - ASK THE EXPERTS By Elizabeth Kelley Gillogly '93. Santa Clara University ambassadors help recruit future Broncos.

16 - LESSONS FROM EL SALVADOR By Douglas Sweet. Faculty and students reflect on a spring break "immersion" trip, which for some was …

Ard News October 2001

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
Comments from the Dean
IANR Facility Needs: The Capital Construction Budget Request Process
Husker Genetics
CSREES Appropriations for FY 2002
National Research Initiative Funding - FY 2000
Changes in Graduate Enrollment 1993 - 1999
Grants and Contracts Received August and September 2001
Proposals Submitted for Federal Grants
New or Revised Projects

Cocaine- And Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide Modulation Of Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Signaling In Hippocampal Neurons, Elena (Olena) Petroff, Jianguo Chen, Pastor R. Couceyro, Toshinori Hoshi

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Administration of cocaine and amphetamine increases cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) expression in the rat striatum (Douglass et al., 1995). CART mRNA is highly expressed in different parts of the human and rat brain, including hippocampus (Douglass et al., 1995; Couceyro et al., 1997; Kuhar and Yoho, 1999; Hurd and Fagergren, 2000). The presence of CART peptide 55-102 immunoreactivity in dense core vesicles of axon terminals suggests that the peptide may be released and may act as a neuromodulator (Smith et al., 1997) to induce neurophysiological and behavioral effects. Little is known, however, about CART peptide-responsive cells, receptor(s), or intracellular …

Altruism, The Prisoner's Dilemma, And The Components Of Selection, Jeffrey Fletcher, Martin Zwick

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

The n-player prisoner’s dilemma (PD) is a useful model of multilevel selection for altruistic traits. It highlights the non zero-sum interactions necessary for the evolution of altruism as well as the tension between individual and group-level selection. The parameters of the n-player PD can be directly related to the Price equation as well as to a useful alternative selection decomposition. Finally, the n-player PD emphasizes the expected equilibrium condition of mutual defection in the absence of higher levels of organization and selection. Keywords: prisoner's dilemma, N-player PD, multilevel selection, altruism, Price equation, group selection

Ipsilesional Biases In Saccades But Not Perception After Lesions Of The Human Inferior Parietal Lobule, Tony Ro, Chris Rorden, Jon Driver, Robert Rafal

Publications and Research

We examined the effects of chronic unilateral lesions to either the inferior parietal lobe, or to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex including the frontal eye fields (FEFs), upon human visual perception and saccades in temporal-order-judgment (TOJ) tasks. Two visual events were presented on each trial, one in each hemifield at various stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). In the saccade task, patients moved their eyes to whichever stimulus attracted gaze first. In the perceptual-manual task, they pressed a button to indicate which stimulus was perceived first. Frontal patients showed appropriate TOJs for visual targets in both tasks. Parietal patients showed appropriate TOJs in …

Familiarity Facilitates Social Learning Of Foraging Behaviour In The Guppy, Will Swaney, Jeremy Kendal, Hannah Capon, Culum Brown, Kevin N. Laland

Sentience Collection

Previous studies have shown that guppies, Poecilia reticulata, can learn the route to a food source by shoaling with knowledgeable conspecifics, and prefer to shoal with experienced foragers and familiar fish. We tested the hypothesis that guppies would learn more effectively from (1) familiar than unfamiliar demonstrators and (2) well-trained than poorly trained demonstrators. Demonstrator fish were given experience in swimming a route to a food source and then introduced into shoals of untrained observer guppies; the spread of this foraging skill was recorded over 15 trials. The demonstrators were either familiar or unfamiliar to the observers and either well …

The Effect Of Response Contingencies On Scale Model Task Performance By Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes), Valerie A. Kuhlmeier, Sarah T. Boysen

Sentience Collection

The effects of modified procedures on chimpanzees' (Pan troglodytes) performance in a scale model comprehension task were examined. Seven chimpanzees that previously participated in a task in which they searched an enclosure for a hidden item after watching an experimenter hide a miniature item in the analogous location in a scale model were retested under procedures incorporating response costs. In Experiment 1, chimpanzees were trained under procedures that rewarded only item retrievals occurring on the 1st search attempt. During test trials, 6 chimpanzees performed above chance, including 4 that were previously unsuccessful under the original procedures (V. A. Kuhlmeier, S. …

The Use Of Landmarks By Clark's Nutcrackers: First Tests Of A New Model, Alan Kamil, Aleida J. Goodyear, Ken Cheng

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

Animals use many different mechanisms to navigate in space. The characteristics of the mechanism employed are usually well-suited to the demands of each particular navigational problem. For example, desert ants navigating in a relatively featureless environment use path integration, birds homing or migrating over long distances use compasses of various sorts, salmon returning to their natal stream home on olfactory cues. The study of navigation requires the study of many different taxa confronting different problems. One interesting case 1 involves scatter-hoarding species that use memory to relocate their hidden food. Such animals face the problem of remembering many locations simultaneously. …

New Vistas For Developmental Biology, Scott F. Gilbert, R. Tuan

Biology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.