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Nebline, April 1995

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Horticulture

Rural $ense

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4-H & Youth

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Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)

Nebraska Association for Family and Community Education News

and other extension news and events

Fisheries Research Report No 102 - A Review Of International Aquaculture Development And Selected Species In Environments Relevant To Western Australia, C. Lawrence

Fisheries Research Reports

This paper discusses aspects of aquaculture development in countries visited during an international study tour, with particular reference to implications for the developing aquaculture industry in Western Australia.

The reasons for aquaculture development, including protein production, employment, fisheries enhancement, tradition/religion, conservation and revenue are discussed from an international perspective, along with case histories and models of development undertaken outside Australia.

The potential benefits of developing an aquaculture industry within Australia are outlined and the relative costs and benefits of developing aquaculture of native aquatic species or imported species are discussed, including relevant examples of each.

A number of species of …

Ard News April 1995

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:

COMMENTS FROM THE DEAN
PROCEDURES FOR PROCESSING PROPOSALS
NEW OR REVISED PROJECTS
PROPOSALS SUBMITTED FOR FEDERAL GRANTS
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RELEVANCY ANALYSIS
URBAN EMPHASIS WITHIN ARD PROGRAMS
RESEARCH PROGRAM COMPARISON: ARD vs OTHER SAESs
ESCOP/CSREES RESEARCH INITIATIVES -1995
FY 1996 FEDERAL RESEARCH BUDGET
SIZE OF NORTH CENTRAL REGION SAES PROGRAMS
SOURCES OF SAES FUNDING IN NC REGION
FACULTY RECOGNITION

Louisiana Agriculture Magazine, Spring 1995, Lsu Agricultural Experiment Station

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Nutrition Intervention On The Outcomes Of Pregnancy: A Rural Urban Comparison, Ranjita Misra

Health Services Research Dissertations

The present study examines the effect of nutritional intervention on two outcomes of pregnancy: birth weight of the baby and gestational age. The study further examines the difference in nutritional intervention in rural and urban areas. The research method used is ex-post facto design. Data for the study is extracted from the health records and tracking sheets of women participating in the Nutrition Intervention Project in Virginia Department of Health. Path analysis and effects analysis are used to analyze the causal and direct effect of the independent variables and each of the outcome variables. A model has been developed grounded …

Three New Eimerians In Capybara (Hydrochaeris Hydrochaeris) Populations From Eastern Bolivia And Southern Venezuela, M. C. Casas, Donald W. Duszynski, L. M. Zalles

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

From June to August 1993, fecal samples were collected from the intestinal tract of 13 juvenile, 4 pre-adult, and 25 adult capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris L.) from 10 localities in eastern Bolivia; additionally, 19 fresh fecal samples were collected in 1994 from capybara herds at 2 localities in south central Venezuela. Oocysts of 3 eimerians were recovered from the capybara populations in both countries and, after study, are described here as new species. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria trinidadensis n. sp. are subspheroidal, 20.9 x 18.1 (18-23 x 16.5-21) μm with sporocysts ovoidal, 9.8 x 6.1 (8-12 x 5-8) μm. Micropyle …

Comparison Of Cell Sediment And Surface Grown "Test Plaque" Using Scanning Electron Microscopy, S. M. Mccormack, C. M. D. Maran, K. M. Scott-Anne, D. T. Zero

Scanning Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy was used to compare the morphology, integrity and distribution of bacterial cells in a test plaque grown on the surface of enamel with that of the cell sediment plaque routinely used in a short-term intraoral caries model. Cultures of S. mutans IB-1600 or S. sobrinus 6715-13 were grown in complex media supplemented with either 2.0% sucrose (glucan plaque) or 0.2 % glucose (non-glucan plaque). Cell sediment (CS) plaque was prepared by centrifuging the cultures after incubation, recovering the cell sediment, and spreading it on Metricel membrane filter paper. Surface grown (SG) plaque was prepared by suspending saliva-coated …

Effect Of Sodium Saccharin On The Neonatal Rat Bladder, Samuel M. Cohen, Martin Cano, Margaret K. St. John, Emily M. Garland, Mohamad Khachab, Leon B. Ellwein

Scanning Microscopy

In a two-generation bioassay, high doses of dietary sodium saccharin (NaSac) produce bladder carcinoma in rats, whereas acid saccharin (HSac) does not effect the urothelium. NaSac and HSac administered as 5% of the diet to F0 Sprague-Dawley (SD) and F344 rats, continued through to the weaned male rats for ten additional weeks. Control 3H-thymidine labeling index (LI) was high prior to and at birth (approximately 11%), declining rapidly by weaning (to < 0.2). Neither NaSac nor HSac increased proliferation through 7 days of age. NaSac increased the proliferation rate at later times, whereas HSac did not. The LI decreased to control levels in NaSac-fed rats switched to control diet after weaning and increased in control-fed rats switched to NaSac after birth or weaning. In a second experiment, 5% NaSac did not affect urothelial morphology of SD rats through 7 days. By 21 days post-birth, urothelial hyperplasia occurred in NaSac-fed rat. The LI in treated versus control was similar through gestation, with a slight difference by 7 days. LI was significantly different by 21 days post-birth, but was similar between males and females. These results provide additional evidence for the increased cell proliferative effects of NaSac during the neonatal period, but not during gestation.

Canola : Golden Oil For Farmers And Consumers, Paul Carmody

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

It is feasible that canola could become Western Australia's fourth largest crop after wheat, barley and lupins by the turn of the century.

Without the stigma attached to its parent crop, rapeseed, canola has also become one of the most successful international agricultural product launches, proving itself not only a useful cropping alternative but a healthy oil for consumers. State Oilseeds Adviser PAUL CARMODY sets the scene.

Value Of Saltbush Questioned, Brian Warren, Tess Casson, Ed Barrett-Lennard

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Over the last 20 years the Department of Agriculture has focused on finding plant species that can grow on salt/and to produce sheep feed, and on techniques for establishing plantations of saltbushes. Some research has been in response to farmer reports of success in using revegetated salt/and to provide autumn forage, while other work has resulted from the apparent importance of saltbushes in rangeland areas.

Objective measurements of wool production have been taken only recently. Three years research at Katanning indicates that while saltbush material is selected and eaten by sheep, its value for wool production is not high. It …

Nebline, March 1995

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Horticulture

Rural $ense

Family Living

4-H & Youth

Environmental Focus

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Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)

Nebraska Association for Family and Community Education News

and other extension news and events

Addition Of Cellulolytic Clostridia To The Bovine Rumen And Pig Intestinal Tract, Vincent H. Varel, J.T. Yen, Kelly K. Kreikmeier

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Studies were conducted to determine whether intestinal cellulolytic bacteria could be introduced into the bovine rumen or pig large intestine. In the first study, the ruminal fluid of three cows was evacuated and replaced with 20 liters of buffer and 6 liters of the ruminal or swine cellulolytic organism Clostridium longisporum or Clostridium herbivorans, respectively. The introduced organisms were the predominant cellulolytic bacterium in the fluid (>107 cells ml21) at 0 h. C. longisporum was still the predominant cellulolytic organism after 5 h, at 0.55 3 107 cells ml21; however, after 24 h the count of C. longisporum …

Yield And N Uptake Of Inbred Corn With Reduced N-Fertilizer Application, Wallace Wilhelm, B. E. Johnson, R. Koopman, W. R. Peterson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Most corn planted in the United States is a single-cross hybrid; therefore the seed is produced on inbred lines. Inbreds are known to be less productive than the resultant hybrids; however, growers and seed companies want to maximize seed production. To this end growers attempt to keep mineral nutrition, especially nitrogen, non-limiting. Low production potential and high N fertilization rates can result in the likelihood of groundwater contamination. Key to proper N application is knowledge of the N response of inbred lines. The purpose of this research was to determine the yield and N uptake response of a group of …

Bibliography On Hydrellia Griseola Fallen (Diptera: Ephydridae) And Review Of Its Biology And Pest Status, Louis S. Hesler

Insecta Mundi

A bibliography is presented on Hydrellia griseola (FallBn), a cosmopolitan species of shore fly that is an agricultural pest throughout much of its range. The literature review includes 195 references and spans 180 years: from 1813, when H. griseola was first described (as Notophila griseola), to 1993. My review updates and extends by 110 years a previous review of this species. The host plant associations, bionomics, distribution, pest status, and control of this species are reviewed. The known host plants of larval H.griseola are listed. My survey of the literature supports the hypothesis that H. griseola is increasing its …

10 Common Questions About Food Irradiation, Charlotte Brennand

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

Role Of Alfalfa In Animal Diets, Jennifer L. Garrett

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa forage use has increased in all classes of livestock - dairy, beef, horses, sheep, and swine - during the last 40 years. The highest utilization of alfalfa by livestock is found in dairy cattle diets. Additionally, the use of alfalfa as a grazing crop has also undergone a considerable increase with the use of new grazing management techniques and the development of new grazing varieties.

Alfalfa's strength as a forage crop is its high nutritional value. Alfalfa is higher in protein, minerals, and net energy than grasses and small grains. High quality alfalfa also helps to promote intake, especially …

Control Of Johnsongrass And Other Weedy Grasses In Alfalfa, Jonathan D. Green

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Johnsongrass is considered one of the major weed species that infests alfalfa in Kentucky. Other weedy grasses such as large crabgrass, foxtails, barnyard grass, and fall panicum can also interfere with alfalfa production. Low infestation levels of these grasses may not create significant concern, but high infestation levels can result in reduced yield, alfalfa hay quality, and/or shorten the life of the stand.

Community Metabolism And Nutrient Cycling In The Mississippi River Plume: Evidence For Intense Nitrification At Intermediate Salinities, Joseph D. Pakulski, Ronald Benner, Rainer Amon, Brian Eadie, Terry Whitledge

Faculty Publications

Community respiration, net nutrient fluxes and heterotrophic bacterial production were investigated in the Mississippi River (USA) plume during May 1992 using dark bottle incubations of unfiltered water. Highest rates of community O₂ consumption and dissolved inorganic carbon regeneration were observed at intermediate (10 to 27%₀) plume salinities. Plume surface 0₂ consumption rates were 2- to 4-fold greater than rates reported previously during the summer and winter. Heterotrophic bacterial production ([³H]-leucine incorporation) was also highest at intermediate salinities and 2- to 4-fold greater than rates reported from other seasons. Net regeneration of NH₄^{+ …}

Nebline, May 1995

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Horticulture

Rural $ense

Family Living

4-H & Youth

Environmental Focus

Community & Leadership Development

Extension Calendar

Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)

Nebraska Association for Family and Community Education News

and other extension news and events

Nebline, February 1995

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Horticulture

Rural $ense

Family Living

4-H & Youth

Environmental Focus

Community & Leadership Development

Extension Calendar

Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)

Nebraska Association for Family and Community Education News

and other extension news and events

Ruminal Degradation Of Switchgrass, Big Bluestem, And Smooth Bromegrass Leaf Proteins, Daren D. Redfearn, Lowell E. Moser, Steven S. Waller, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Two in situ protein disappearance experiments were conducted to determine disappearance rates of leaf protein fractions and characterize individual leaf protein fractions that escaped ruminal degradation. Fresh leaf blades of two warm-season grasses, switchgrass (Panicum uirgatum L. 1 and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), and one cool-season grass, smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), were included in Exp. 1. Only warm season grasses were used in Exp. 2. Leaves were harvested from greenhouse-grown plants, placed in polyester bags, and incubated up to 48 h in situ in three ruminally fistulated steers fed diets of warm season grass hay. …

Crude Protein Content Of Diet Of Cattle Grazing Native And Introduced Pastures, C. A. Tusler, P. S. Johnson, J. J. Wagner, B. F. Sowell

South Dakota Beef Report, 1995

Crude protein contents of diets were compared for steers grazing introduced, high condition native and low condition native grass pastures under spring-deferment or season-long grazing systems. This study was conducted at the SDSU Cottonwood Research Station near Cottonwood, SD, in 1990, 1991, and 1992. Esophageally fistulated steers were used to obtain diet samples throughout the grazing season on all treatments. Esophageal samples were analyzed for crude protein content and data were compared among grazing treatments within each year. In all three years, cattle diets were not limiting until late summer. Contrary to what was expected, diets of cattle on introduced …

Effect Of A Blood Meal/Corn Gluten Meal Supplement After Calving On Performance Of Cows Grazing Native Range, R. J. Pruitt, J. S. Heldt

South Dakota Beef Report, 1995

A spring grazing trial was conducted to determine the effect of a supplement with lower rumen degradability (sometimes referred to as escape protein or bypass protein) than soybean meal on cow and calf performance. Three supplement treatments based on corn, soybean meal and blood meallcorn gluten meal were fed to 70 Simmental-Angus crossbred cows grazing native range from early April to late May. There was no advantage to the escape protein as measured by cow weight change, reproductive performance or calf gain. Corn supplemented cows performed similar to soybean meal supplemented cows.

Sdsu Beef Cattle Teaching Herd, R. J. Pruitt

South Dakota Beef Report, 1995

No abstract provided.

Split-Root Nutrition Of Sweetpotato In Hydroponic Systems, M. A. Sherif, P. A. Loretan, A. A. Trotman, D. G. Mortley, J. Y. Lu, Lauren C. Garner

Horticulture and Crop Science

Nutrient film technique (NFT) and deep water culture (DWC) hydroponic systems were used in a split-root study of the effect of four treatments on sweetpotato yield, the translocation of assimilates, and microbial population count. ‘TU-155’ cuttings (15 cm) were prerooted for 30 days in sand using deionized water and a modified half-Hoagland (MHH) solution. After 30 days, the plants were removed, and the roots of each were cleaned and split evenly between two sides of a channel (each 15 cm deep by 15 cm wide by 1.2 m long), four plants per channel. Replicated treatments were: MHH/MHH; MHH/Air, MHH/deionized water …

Forms Of Cadmium In Sandy Soils After Amendment With Soils Of Higher Fixing Capacity, S. S. Mann, G. S. P. Ritchie

Food Science and Nutrition

Most of the Cd applied through phosphatic fertilizers in sandy soils tends to stay in mobile forms (soluble or exchangeable) and hence the risk of it leaching to underground water or its uptake by plants is higher. A sequential extraction procedure was used to assess the efficacy of amending materials (soils containing inorganic or organic adsorption components) on the re-distribution of forms of Cd in a sandy soil. Amendment of the sandy soil with each of the three soils (yellow earth, lateritic podzolic and peaty sand) was generally effective in altering the more mobile or available forms of Cd to …

Effect Of Gypsum Application Rate And Leaching Regime On Wheat Growth In A Highly Acidic Subsoil, C. D.A. Mclay, G. S. P. Ritchie

Food Science and Nutrition

A glasshouse experiment "was conducted to investigate gypsum application and leaching on the amelioration of" an aluminium (Al) toxic subsoil for wheat growth. Treatments included different rates of gypsum application and amount of leaching prior to wheat being grown. Wheat shoot growth increased when gypsum was applied in both the presence and absence of leaching, but growth was higher with leaching. Gypsum application led to a decrease in toxic Al as a result of a higher ionic strength and activity of AlSO₄⁺ion pairs in the soil solution, and increased Al leached from the soil. Root growth may …

Addressing Problems In Evaluating Health-Relevant Programs Through Systematic Planning And Evaluation, Galen E. Cole, Chester L. Pogostin, Bonita J. Westover, Nilka M. Rios

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors argue that inconsistent terminology is often a hindrance in assessing health program implementation, effectiveness and efficiency. Attending closely to this, they propose a model scheme for conducting such evaluations.

Lupin Logic Number 54

Lupin Logic

Contents

Correction

One step ahead

Seed manganese

Summer weeds

Bedtime reading

Seed testing

Lupin receivals

First bulk Albus shipments

Lupin stubbles/overgrazing

Lupin stubbles and grazing

Cyanonews (Vol. 11, No. 1, February 1995), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.