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The Effect Of Mild Cognitive Impairment On Anxiety In Older Adults In American And Ukraine, Eleanor Ryan

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

With the growing population of elderly individuals throughout the world, the study of their emotional distress is ever poignant to society. This is especially true when these individuals have cognitive impairment. The research, in regards to Eastern European individuals, is lacking. To gain a better understanding of this understudied population, elderly people with Mild Cognitive impairment (MCI) from both Ukraine and the United States were studied. It was found that the anxiety rates of the Ukrainian MCI group were significantly higher than both the United States MCI group and the Ukraine control (p = 0.004). Purpose The purpose of this …

Validity Of The Falls Risk For Older People In The Community (Frop‑Com) Tool To Predict Falls And Fall Injuries For Older People Presenting To The Emergency Department After Falling, Marlon Mascarenhas, Keith D. Hill, Anna Barker, Elissa Burton

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

The aims of this study were to (1) externally validate the accuracy of the Falls Risk for Older People in the Community (FROP-Com) falls risk assessment tool in predicting falls and (2) undertake initial validation of the accuracy of the FROPCom to predict injurious falls (requiring medical attention) in people aged ≥ 60 years presenting to emergency departments (EDs) after falling. Two hundred and thirteen participants (mean age = 72.4 years; 59.2% women) were recruited (control group of a randomised controlled trial). A FROP-Com assessment was completed at a home visit within 2 weeks of ED discharge. Data on falls …

The Role Of Sirt1 In Skeletal Muscle Function And Repair Of Older Mice, Matthew John Myers

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Human skeletal muscle is a highly metabolic tissue necessary for mobility and coordination. Responsible for approximately one-fifth of the resting human metabolism, skeletal muscle is also an important regulator of metabolites like glucose and contributes to the regulation of body temperature. Although there is a gradual decline in muscle mass associated with aging, a certain percentage of the population suffer from severe muscle mass and strength deterioration, classified as sarcopenia (5-13% for people aged 60-70 years old, 11-50% for those 80 or older). Sarcopenia is linked to increased morbidity and mortality rates in the elderly population, while annual healthcare costs …

Intraindividual Variability Of Neuromotor Function Predicts Falls Risk In Older Adults And Those With Type 2 Diabetes, Steven Morrison, Karl Newell

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

The current study was designed to examine the effect of increasing age and type 2 diabetes on the average responses and inter- and intra-individual variability of falls risk, reaction time, strength, and walking speed for healthy older adults and older persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Seventy-five older individuals (controls) and 75 persons with T2DM aged between 50-79 years participated in the study. Assessments of falls risk, reaction time (RT), knee extension strength and walking speed were conducted. The results revealed that advancing age for both control and T2DM groups was reflected by a progressive increase in falls risk, decreased …

Age-Related Changes To Bone Microarchitecture In A Non-Weight Bearing Bone, Tyler Hicks, Janna M. Andronowski, Reed Davis

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This study explored the relationship between age, sex and bone microarchitecture. Using high-resolution images, we may better understand the factors affecting different aspects of bone microstructure. Statistical support was provided for the quantitative differences in bone microarchitecture between the sexes. The significant differences noted in Canal Volume (Ca.V), Cortical Porosity (Ca.V/TV), Canal Surface (Ca.S) and Canal Surface to Tissue Volume (Ca.S/TV) offer several interesting points when compared with pre-existing literature. All four parameters listed above that reported significance did so with respect to sex, in that each parameter differed between sexes.

However, no significant difference was noted among age within …

Old Age-Associated Impairment Of The Rat Liver Antioxidant Defense System: The Basis For Affirmation Of The Experimental Model, Marko Miler, Vladimir Ajdzanovic, Jasmina Zivanovic, Ivana Jaric, Branka Sosic-Jurjevic, Milica Potrebic, Verica Milosevic

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

No abstract provided.

A Possible Correlation Between Diet, Serum Oxytetracycline Concentration, And Onset Of Reproductive Disturbances In Bitches: Clinical Observations And Preliminary Results, Alessandro Di Cerbo, Gianandrea Guidetti, Sergio Canello, Raffaella Cocco

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Based on the increase of food-related disturbances in animals and the recent findings concerning the toxicity of oxytetracycline (OTC) presence within pet food, we compared the effectiveness of two commercially available diets in 36 bitches suffering from reproductive disturbances. We ran a randomized clinical evaluation over a 90-day period. Bitches were randomly assigned to receive a control diet (CD) or a nutraceutical diet (ND) and were assessed for the presence of OTC in their sera before and at the end of the study. Sixteen of 18 bitches in the ND group went into heat within an average of 35.5 ± …

Differential Relationship Between Physical Activity And Intake Of Added Sugar And Nutrient-Dense Foods: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Karsten Koehler, Julie B. Boron, Teresa M. Garvin, Matthew R. Bice, Jeffrey R. Stevens

Jeffrey Stevens Publications

A curvilinear relationship exists between physical activity (PA) and dietary energy intake (EI), which is reduced in moderately active when compared to inactive and highly active individuals, but the impact of PA on eating patterns remains poorly understood. Our goal was to establish the relationship between PA and intake of foods with varying energy and nutrient density. Data from the 2009–2010 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to include a Dietary Screener Questionnaire for estimated intakes of added sugar, fruits and vegetables, whole grains, fiber, and dairy. Participants (n = 4766; 49.7% women) were divided into …

Arsenite Exposure Suppresses Adipogenesis, Mitochondrial Biogenesis And Thermogenesis Via Autophagy Inhibition In Brown Adipose Tissue, Jiyoung Bae, Yura Jang, Heejeong Kim, Kalika Mahato, Cameron Schaecher, Issac M. Kim, Eunju Kim, Seung-Hyun Ro

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Arsenite, a trivalent form of arsenic, is an element that occurs naturally in the environment. Humans are exposed to high dose of arsenite through consuming arsenite-contaminated drinking water and food, and the arsenite can accumulate in the human tissues. Arsenite induces oxidative stress, which is linked to metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Brown adipocytes dissipating energy as heat have emerging roles for obesity treatment and prevention. therefore, understanding the pathophysiological role of brown adipocytes can provide effective strategies delineating the link between arsenite exposure and metabolic disorders. Our study revealed that arsenite significantly reduced differentiation of murine brown …

Growth And Survival Of Wild And Head-Started Blanding’S Turtles (Emydoidea Blandingii), Callie Klatt Golba

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Blanding’s Turtles (IUCN Endangered) are long-lived reptiles with delayed sexual maturity. Anthropogenic landscape changes have increased threats to juvenile turtles, resulting in unnaturally low recruitment. Head-starting has become a popular conservation strategy that aims to increase juvenile recruitment by avoiding the increased predation of the vulnerable nest and hatchling age-class. However, there is still debate about whether or not it is an effective management tool. Assessments of head-starting are becoming more prevalent, but long-term studies are needed to critically evaluate the success of such interventions. In particular, information is needed on how head-starts fare compared to wild-born turtles. The Lake …

Television Viewing And Markers Of Physical Fitness And Body Composition In College-Aged Students, James Peterson

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Television viewing is one of the most popular sedentary activities in America. Sedentary behavior has been linked to increased risk of obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortalities. While many studies have focused on associations in children and middle aged to older adults, there is a dearth of literature regarding young college aged students. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between daily television screen time viewing and markers of physical fitness and body composition in young college aged students. METHODS: The sample population consisted of 141 Northern Illinois University young college aged students. Subjects completed …

Elevated Serum Homocysteine Levels Have Differential Gender-Specific Associations With Motor And Cognitive States In Parkinson’S Disease, Megan C. Bakeberg, Alexa Jefferson, Maddeson Riley, Michelle Byrnes, Soumya Ghosh, Frank L. Mastaglia, Malcom K. Horne, Sarah Mcgregor, Rick Stell, Jade Kenna, Sue Walters, Dana Hince, Ryan S. Anderton

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Studies attempting to elucidate an association between homocysteine and symptom progression in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have had largely discrepant findings. This study aimed to investigate elevated serum homocysteine levels and symptom progression in a cohort of PD patients.

Methods: Serum homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 levels were measured in 205 people with PD and 78 age-matched healthy controls. People with Parkinson’s disease underwent a battery of clinical assessments to evaluate symptom severity, including motor (MDS-UPDRS) and cognitive (ACE-R) assessments. Multivariate generalized linear models were created, controlling for confounding variables, and were used to determine whether serum markers are associated …

Dentistry: Are Stem Cells The Future?, Tova Zemel

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Stem cell research is currently advancing in every area of medicine. New information about regenerating stem cells is being uncovered on a daily basis. An area of stem cells that has not been focused on until recently is the use of dental stem cells. The objective of this paper is to elucidate the most current research about dental stem cells. Much of what is discussed in this paper has not been implemented yet, and is still in clinical trials. Dental stem cells are important because they could be an alternative way of treating caries, performing root canals, and other traumas …

The Effects Of Aging On Skeletal Muscle Atp Production, Chaya Abboudi

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The study of the aging process and its prevention is an incredibly popular field; the natural course of the human body is to age and theories abound on how to avoid it. Age affects every system and pathway of the body and alters many of the bodily functions. This paper, using articles from Touro’s library database examines the different areas in which aging negatively affects ATP production. The multifaceted process associated with the production of ATP in the human body was analyzed. Several features such as the mitochondria, physical activity, and hormones are linked to ATP production and the relationship …

Effects Of Microwave On Free Radical Production And Oxidative Properties Of Model Protein, Wang Tingting, Yuan Jiangfeng, Wang Lunji, Zhang Bin, Qiu Zhijun, Gong Minggui, Yin Qihang

Food and Machinery

Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), a model protein, was used to study the relationship between the free radical production and oxidative properties in the microwave field. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) trapping with 5,5-dimethyl-l-pyrrolin N-oxide (DMPO) was used for the detection of free radical produced by BSA under different microwave treatment conditions. The signal intensity of free radicals arose from BSA solution via the increasing of power, temperature, and time after microwave irradiation. By measuring the carbonyl, thiol and surface hydrophobic oxidative properties of BSA under different microwave temperatures. It was showed that the carbonyl content increased, the thiol content decreased, and …

Proteomic Profile Of Carbonylated Proteins Screen Regulation Of Apoptosis Via Camk Signaling In Response To Regular Aerobic Exercise, Wenfeng Liu, Li Li, Heyu Kuang, Yan Xia, Zhiyuan Wang, Shaopeng Liu, Dazhong Yin

Health Sciences & Kinesiology: Faculty Publications

To research carbonylated proteins and screen molecular targets in the rat striatum on regular aerobic exercise, male SpragueDawley rats (13 months old, n = 24) were randomly divided into middle-aged sedentary control (M-SED) and aerobic exercise (M-EX) groups (n = 12 each). Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) gradually increased from 50%–55% to 65%–70% for a total of 10 weeks. A total of 36 carbonylated proteins with modifed oxidative sites were identifed by Electrospray IonizationQuadrupole-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometer (ESI-Q-TOF-MS), including 17 carbonylated proteins unique to the M-SED group, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta (CaMKII�), and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (Hnrnpa2b1), …

The Effects Of Diet And Mating System On Reproductive (And Post‐Reproductive) Life Span In A Freshwater Snail, Josh R. Auld

Biology Faculty Publications

The length of the reproductive life span, along with the number/frequency/magnitude of reproductive events, quantifies an individual’s potential contribution to the next generation. By examining reproductive life span, and distinguishing it from somatic life span, we gain insight into critical aspects of an individual’s potential fitness as well as reproductive and somatic senescence. Additionally, differentiating somatic and reproductive life spans can provide insight into the existence of a post‐reproductive period and factors that shape its duration. Given the known importance of diet and mating system on resource allocation, I reared individual freshwater snails (Physa acuta) from 22 full‐sib families under …

Motivations And Satisfaction Of North Dakota Deer Hunters During A Temporal Decline In Deer Populations, Kristen E. Black, William F. Jensen, Robert Newman, Jason Boulanger

Biology Faculty Publications

Achieving state wildlife agency biological goals for deer (Odocoileus spp.) management may often conflict with hunter desires. Concomitantly, better information is needed to optimize agency deer herd management goals with hunters’ social goals. In 2016, we surveyed 3,000 North Dakota, USA, resident deer hunters using a self-administered mail survey to gain a better understanding of motivations, satisfaction, and hunter demographics that may be used to inform hunter recruitment and retention (HRR) efforts during a period of reduced statewide deer populations. With deer-gun license availability strictly limited, we explored the possibility that some gun hunters may have been engaging …

Preparing An Effective Poster Presentation, Christopher N. Jacques

The Prairie Naturalist

Greetings GPNSS members! By the time you read this editorial, many of have been experiencing the fury unleashed by ‘Old Man Winter’ and may find yourself counting the days until warmer spring temperatures return once again to the Great Plains. Until then, just a couple more months of bitter cold temperatures, strong winds, and blowing and drifting snow. But not to worry, winter also provides the cold weather enthusiasts among us a chance to enjoy a range of outdoor recreational opportunities, a chance to reflect on the previous year in review, exciting professional and personal opportunities ushered in by the …

The Prairie Naturalist: The Journal Of The Great Plains Natural Science Society Volume 50 No. 2

The Prairie Naturalist

TABLE OF CONTENTS

43 EDITOR’S NOTE

RESEARCH ARTICLES

46 Metabolic Gas Emissions from Prairie Soil Containing Foraging Termites Charles E. Konemann, B. M. Kard, Tom A. Royer, and Mark. E. Payton

59 Comparison of northern flying and red squirrel phylogenies with focus on the insular United States Alyssa M. Kiesow, and Hugh B. Britten

NOTES

70 Two-Headed White-Tailed Deer Fetus

72 Red-Bellied Snake (Storeria occipitomacilata) Copulation in South Dakota

74 New Breeding Record and Location for Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor) in the Nebraska Great Plains, USA

BOOK REVIEWS

76 Sedges and Rushes of Minnesota: The Complete Guide to Species Identification. …

Actuarial Senescence In A Dimorphic Bird: Different Rates Of Ageing In Morphs With Discrete Reproductive Strategies, M. L. Grunst, A. S. Grunst, Vincent A. Formica, M. L. Korody, A. M. Betuel, M. Barcelo-Serra, R. A. Gonser, E. M. Tuttle

Biology Faculty Works

It is often hypothesized that intra-sexual competition accelerates actuarial senescence, or the increase in mortality rates with age. However, an alternative hypothesis is that parental investment is more important to determining senescence rates. We used a unique model system, the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), to study variation in actuarial senescence. In this species, genetically determined morphs display discrete mating strategies and disassortative pairing, providing an excellent opportunity to test the predictions of the above hypotheses. Compared to tan-striped males, white-striped males are more polygynous and aggressive, and less parental. Tan-striped females receive less parental support, and invest more into parental …

Examining Delayed Onset Of Dementia In The Bilingual Geriatric Population, Erica Brown, Elizabeth Hartman

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Background: Dementia is the largest cause of dependency and disability in older adults, affecting nearly 50 million people worldwide with about 10 million new cases every year. Presently, there are no cures for dementia. Consequently, a growing body of evidence suggests that bilingualism may delay the onset of clinical dementia symptoms by several years.

Objectives: The purpose of this review is to summarize and analyze current evidence from studies that examined how bilingualism delays the onset of dementia. Evidence is reviewed suggesting that bilingualism may delay the dementia symptoms due to an increase in cognitive reserve, which refers to an …

Association Of The Haptoglobin Gene Polymorphism With Cognitive Function And Decline In Elderly African American Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From The Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk In Diabetes–Memory In Diabetes (Accord-Mind) Study, Michael Beeri, Hung-Mo Lin, Mary Sano, Ramit Ravona-Springer, Xiaoyu Liu, Barbara B. Bendlin, Carey E. Gleason, Elizabeth Guerrero-Berroa, Laili Soleimani, Lenore J. Launer, Scott Ehrenberg, Orit Lache, Yaakov K. Seligman, Andrew P. Levy

Publications and Research

IMPORTANCE African American individuals have higher dementia risk than individuals of white race/ethnicity. They also have higher rates of type 2 diabetes, which may contribute to this elevated risk. This study examined the association of the following 2 classes of alleles at the haptoglobin (Hp) locus that are associated with poor cognition, cardiovascular disease, and mortality: Hp 1-1 (associated with poor cognition and cerebrovascular disease) and Hp 2-1 and Hp 2-2 (associated with greater risk ofmyocardial infarction and mortality). An additional polymorphism in the promoter region of the Hp 2 allele, restricted to individuals of African descent, yields a fourth …

Optic Flow Improves Step Width And Length In Older Adults While Performing Dual Task, Taylor Leeder, Farah Fallahtafti, Molly Schieber, Sara A. Myers, Julie Blaskewicz Boron, Jennifer M. Yentes

Journal Articles

Background

Dual-task paradigms are used to investigate gait and cognitive declines in older adults (OA). Optic-flow is a virtual reality environment where the scene flows past the subject while walking on a treadmill, mimicking real-life locomotion.

Aims

To investigate cost of environment (no optic-flow v. optic-flow) while completing single- and dual-task walking and dual-task costs (DTC; single- v. dual-task) in optic-flow and no optic-flow environments.

Methods

Twenty OA and seven younger adults (YA) walked on a self-paced treadmill in 3-min segments per task and both environments. Five task conditions included: no task, semantic fluency (category), phonemic fluency (letters), word reading, …

A Scientifc Note On Validation Of Housekeeping Genes For The Primitively Eusocial Bee Euglossa Viridissima Friese (Apidae: Euglossini), S. Boff, A. Friedel, A. Miertsch, J. J.G. Quezada-Euán, R. J. Paxton, H. M.G. Lattorff

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Studies on the expression of genes in different contexts are essential to our understanding of the functioning of organisms and their adaptations to the environment. Gene expression studies require steps of normalization, which are done using the stable expression pattern of reference genes. For many different eusocial bees reference genes have been discovered, but not for the primitively eusocial Euglossini bees. We used available genomic resources of Euglossini species and the gene information of Apis mellifera Linnaeus to develop a set of reference genes for the primitive eusocial bee Euglossa viridissima Friese. We tested nine genes, in distinct developmental stages, …

Late-Career Unemployment Has Mixed Effects In Retirement, Maren Wright Voss, M. Beth Merryman, Lisa Crabtree, Kathy Subasic, Wendy Birmingham, Lori Wadsworth, Man Hung

Extension Research

Paid work forms a pattern of occupational engagement that shifts during both unemployment and retirement. Similar to unemployment, the occupational disruption associated with involuntary retirement has been linked to poorer physical and mental health outcomes. To better understand the health impact of work transitions during the pre- and post-retirement years, 24 retired individuals with late-career unemployment were interviewed at the Huntsman World Senior Games in October 2016. Demographic data were collected. Braun and Clarke’s (2006) approach was utilized to thematically analyse the interview data and interpretations were evaluated against existing theory. Themes identified included struggle, freedom, and transition, followed by …

Quantification Of Daily Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior Of Claudicating Patients, Hernan Hernandez, Sara A. Myers, Molly Schieber, Duy M. Ha, Sarah Baker, Panagiotis Koutakis, Kyung-Soo Kim, Constance Mietus, George P. Casale, Iraklis Pipinos

Journal Articles

Background

Methods

Short-Term Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone 1-34 Administration And Bone Vascular Alterations In C57bl/6 Mice, Seungyong Lee

Kinesiology Dissertations - Archive

Advancing age is associated with progressive bone loss, declines in vasodilator capacity of blood vessels, vascular rarefaction and bone marrow blood vessel ossification. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration augments bone volume and is an anabolic agent used to treat osteoporosis in a duration-dependent manner. In animal research, at least 15 days of intermittent PTH administration is required to achieve bone accrual. However, physiological stimuli such as intermittent PTH administration effects the bone vascular system more rapidly; i.e., changes in the bone vascular system precede alterations in bone. Intermittent PTH administration also increases vasodilator capacity of bone blood vessels; however, data …

The Effect Of Midsole Cushioning On The Kinetics, Kinematics, And Control Of Running, Brian Joseph Prejean

Kinesiology Dissertations - Archive

The incidence of musculoskeletal injuries associated with the stress of running, known as running-related injuries (RRIs), has risen in conjunction with the resurgence of running as a health-related physical activity approximately half a century ago, with some reports giving an annual prevalence as high as 79% of practitioners surveyed. Running shoes with increased amounts of midsole cushioning have been promoted to reduce the risk of sustaining RRIs by absorbing some of the high magnitude and frequency ground reaction forces (GRFs) imposed on the leg with every stride. However, individual variability, as well as the ability of the motor system to …

Overexpression Of Cyb5r3 And Nqo1, Two Nad+-Producing Enzymes, Mimics Aspects Of Caloric Restriction, Alberto Diaz-Ruiz, Michael Lanasa, Joseph Garcia, Hector Mora, Frances Fan, Alejandro Martin-Montalvo, Andrea Di Francesco, Miguel Calvo-Rubio, Andrea Salvador-Pascual, Miguel A. Aon, Kenneth W. Fishbein, Kevin J. Pearson, Jose Manuel Villalba, Placido Navas, Michel Bernier, Rafael De Cabo

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Calorie restriction (CR) is one of the most robust means to improve health and survival in model organisms. CR imposes a metabolic program that leads to increased stress resistance and delayed onset of chronic diseases, including cancer. In rodents, CR induces the upregulation of two NADH‐dehydrogenases, namely NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1) and cytochrome b₅ reductase 3 (Cyb5r3), which provide electrons for energy metabolism. It has been proposed that this upregulation may be responsible for some of the beneficial effects of CR, and defects in their activity are linked to aging and several age‐associated diseases. However, …