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Articles 5161 - 5190 of 114124
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
On The Cultivation And Utilization Of Floret Silvergrass (Miscanthus Floridulus) In The Southern Area Of China, Zhu Bangchang
On The Cultivation And Utilization Of Floret Silvergrass (Miscanthus Floridulus) In The Southern Area Of China, Zhu Bangchang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The plant genus Miscanthus (silvergrass) includes eight species and one variety in China. In the tropical and subtropical area of south China, the silvergrass distributed widely includes the following seven species : Floret silvergrass ( Miscanthus floridulus), Chinese silvergrass ( M. sinensis), Sugary silvergrass ( M. sacchariflorus), Short-hair silvergrass ( M. brevipilus j, Eulalia silver grass ( M. eulalioides), Szechuan silvcrgrass ( M. szechuanensis), Nepal silvergrass ( M. nepalen�� sis). One of them, Floret silvergrass, is the widest in distribution and the highest in economical value, and plays a most important role in …
Plant-Based Substitutes For Gelatin In Gummy Bears, Neisha Christensen, Tiffany Stoker, Bethany Janes, Kaiah Thomas, Maryann Schneider
Plant-Based Substitutes For Gelatin In Gummy Bears, Neisha Christensen, Tiffany Stoker, Bethany Janes, Kaiah Thomas, Maryann Schneider
Student Research Symposium
Gummy bears are typically made using gelatin. Those who choose to follow a vegan/vegetarian diet are unable to eat products that contain gelatin, since gelatin is made from the collagen found in animal tissues. Additionally, people who avoid eating pork for religious or other reasons cannot consume gelatin, as it is commonly derived from pork.
Herbage Dynamics And Plant-Animal Performance On Altered Northern Great Plains Rangelands, P O. Currie, D C. Adams, J D. Volesky
Herbage Dynamics And Plant-Animal Performance On Altered Northern Great Plains Rangelands, P O. Currie, D C. Adams, J D. Volesky
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Mechanical, chemical, and seeding treatments have been used on rangeland to increase herbage production (Griffith et al., 1985). These treatments are generally applied to rangelands in a low serial stage of succession. Improving these rangelands is of major economic importance to livestock producers attempting lo increase the efficiency of their operations. Our study evaluated 5 range improvement treatments for improving herbage and animal production efficiency
Methodology To Determine Planting Time In King Grass (Pennisetum Sp.) Using Historical Climatic Indices, J R. Ayala, M Sistachs, R S. Herrera
Methodology To Determine Planting Time In King Grass (Pennisetum Sp.) Using Historical Climatic Indices, J R. Ayala, M Sistachs, R S. Herrera
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The determination of planting time by field trials has various disadvantages. These trials should be repeated at least for 3 years comparing different months and the extension of the results is limited. The analysis of the climatic effects would allow a greater generalization with correlations between climatic and establishment indices. The season of the year in which the highest number of correlations with monthly historical climatic values are fulfilled is required so as to determine planting time. The objective of the present methodology is to select planting time by using correlations between climatic and establishment indices and the monthly characterization …
Methods For The Establishment Of Leucaena Leucocoephala In Cuba, T E. Ruiz, G Febles, N Sistachs, L E. Diaz, G Bernal, J J. Leon
Methods For The Establishment Of Leucaena Leucocoephala In Cuba, T E. Ruiz, G Febles, N Sistachs, L E. Diaz, G Bernal, J J. Leon
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Studies in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world on the factors influencing the establishment and early management of legume swards as pure cultures have not been carried out integrally. Thus, the objective of the present study was to define the best options of the main components so as to develop a technology for establishing Leucaena leucocephala under our conditions.
Studies On Seed Storage And Sowing Time Of Leucaena Leucocphala In Cuba, T E. Ruiz, G Febles
Studies On Seed Storage And Sowing Time Of Leucaena Leucocphala In Cuba, T E. Ruiz, G Febles
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Germination of stored seeds and sowing time are essential factors that must be known when a technology for pasture utilization is required (Febles and Ruiz, 1986; Ruiz and Febles, 1986). Thus, these experiments were set out to learn the performance of the seed quality of Leucaena leucocephala cv Peru stored under different conditions and to determine the influence of the sowing time of this species during the rainy season.
Factors Influencing Pasture Establishment And Persistence In The Mid-Altitude Zone, Yunnan, Southern China, Kui Jia-Xiang, R N. Glencross, Ai Hongxin, Chen Xiong
Factors Influencing Pasture Establishment And Persistence In The Mid-Altitude Zone, Yunnan, Southern China, Kui Jia-Xiang, R N. Glencross, Ai Hongxin, Chen Xiong
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The mid-altitude zone in Yunnan Province of SW China ranges from 1500-2500 m in altitude and has a climate intergrading between sub-tropical and temperate with a mean temp. of 7-10°C in the coldest month and 19-22 °C in the hottest month. The annual rainfall ranges from 800-1200 mm with 80 % falling in the monsoon period, May to September. About 80 % of the total 39.4 m ha of the province is in this very hilly mid-altitude zone. (He et al., 1982) Native grassland vegetation is dominated by Themeda trianda, Arundinella radoli, Imperata cylindrica and some other grasses such as …
Obtention Of King Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Clones From Tissue Culture. Selection And Evaluation Of Mutants, R O. Martinez, M Monzote, R S. Herraera, R Cruz, V Torres
Obtention Of King Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Clones From Tissue Culture. Selection And Evaluation Of Mutants, R O. Martinez, M Monzote, R S. Herraera, R Cruz, V Torres
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
King grass (2n = 28) is widely used in Cuba for forage production. The increase in the variability of this species is therefore of special interest in agriculture. Tissue culture as a technique to produce and select somaclones from the king grass donor was used to obtain variability. These were obtained when the apical meristems were cultivated in MS medium with 3 mg/I of 2,4 D to regenerate the plants with different hormonal combinations. Those of 0.1 mg/! of kinetine (Martinez, 1986) were prominent. The variability in the selection and evaluation processes is exposed in this paper.
The Efficacy Of A High Magnesium Italian Ryegrass Cultivar In Alleviating Hypomagnesamia, G Moseley, D M. Baker, D H. Hides
The Efficacy Of A High Magnesium Italian Ryegrass Cultivar In Alleviating Hypomagnesamia, G Moseley, D M. Baker, D H. Hides
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Hypomagnesaemia continues to cause serious economic losses in grazing livestock and recent evidence suggests that its incidence may be increasing. The disease is characterised by a drop in the concentration of magnesium in extracellular fluid and occurs in two forms, chronic and acute. Both forms give rise to classical clinical symptoms which may either result in death or drastically reduced levels of production. The body does not contain a major source of labile magnesium nor does it have a homeostatic mechanism for controlling the level of magnesium in extracellular fluid. The maintainance of normal levels therefore depends almost entirely on …
Evaluation And Selection Of The Salt-Tolerant Alfalfa, Geng Huazhu
Evaluation And Selection Of The Salt-Tolerant Alfalfa, Geng Huazhu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as a good forage has b��en popularly cultivated for a long time in China. Now it is mainly distributed in the north of the Yangtse River, and covers about 1.3 million hectares in the 14 provinces and regions. It can be planted in the saline-alkali areas, accept alluvial plains and hill regions, for instance, the North of Jiangsu, East of Hebei, North-west of Shandong and Xingjiang. The alfalfa is successfully used in improving and utilizing the saline-alkali soils for developing animal husbandry in the Gangzhou District of Hebei Province, where its planting area is increasing rapidly, …
Plant Improvement Using Endophytic Fungi, G C.M Latch
Plant Improvement Using Endophytic Fungi, G C.M Latch
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Endophytic fungi which grow intercellularly in many species of grasses have been a scientific curiosity for almost a century. The mycelium of many of these fungi never emerges from the plant and the fungus is disseminated by way of hyphae in the seed. Other endophytes such as Epichloe typhina form a mycelial weft around the developing inflorescences thus preventing seed formation. Grasses infected with endophytes usually appear healthy and the presence of the fungus can only be detected by examining tissues from leaf, sheath, culms and seed for fungal mycelium. The economic importance of these fungi was first discovered by …
Non Conventional Evaluation Of Tropical Pasture Accessions, R T. Paterson
Non Conventional Evaluation Of Tropical Pasture Accessions, R T. Paterson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Many thousands of tropical and sub-tropical grass and legume accessions are to be found in germplasm banks in Australia (Tropical Forages Genetic Resources Centre), Colombia (CIAT), Ethiopia (ILCA) and other countries, but most are poorly categorized in terms of their climatic, edaphic and biotic adaptation. In contrast, a number of ecosystems in the developing world are poorly served with pasture varieties capable of sustaining high levels of animal production. It is likely that such material exists in germplasm collections, but since it has not been tested under a range of conditions, it remains unidentified. There is an urgent need to …
Research On Distant Hybridization Between Melissutus Ruthenicus C.W Chang And Medicago Sativa Zhaodong, Wang Diankui, Li Hong, Luo Xinyi
Research On Distant Hybridization Between Melissutus Ruthenicus C.W Chang And Medicago Sativa Zhaodong, Wang Diankui, Li Hong, Luo Xinyi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Distant hybridization can be used to combine the characteristics of different species and genus to produce a new variety. By crossing the wild species Melissutus ruthenicus C.W. Chang (2n = 2x = 16) which exhibits cold-, drought- and salt-alkali resistance with the local high-yielding cultivar Medicago saliva Zhaodong (2 n = 4 x = 32), it was hoped to synthesize the fine characteristics of two parents, to obtain a new intermediate variety of alfalfa. This paper reports on the advance of the hybridization, the results of cytological studies and the tendency of variations of filial generations as a guide to …
Breeding Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.) For Stall-Feeding, B S. Sidhu, P D. Mehndiratta, R K. Batta
Breeding Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.) For Stall-Feeding, B S. Sidhu, P D. Mehndiratta, R K. Batta
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Punjab is a part oflndo-Gangetic plain with sub-tropical climate. Due to fertile alluvial soil, assured irrigation and small holdings intensive agriculture is in practice. Same plain land is suitable for forage as well as grain production, thus farmers select to grow which is profitable. Production of milk by stallfeeding of animals on multicut annual summer grasses raised under heavy nitrogen and assured irrigation is relatively economical for the farmers. Thus, a breeding programme on Guinea Grass which responds better to nitrogen than many other summer grasses, was undertaken to develop fast growing annual type which may be cultivated to produce …
Great Diversity For Increased Yield Within Narrow Grass Population, Glenn W. Burton
Great Diversity For Increased Yield Within Narrow Grass Population, Glenn W. Burton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Increasing yield of animal product per unit of input is the ultimate objective of any forage breeding project. It increases the efficiency of production and the profit of the producer. It may be achieved by screening and utilizing the world diversity of a species as has been demonstrated in Cynodon spp. (Burton, 1947, 1988). It can also be realized by recurrent restricted phenotypic selection (RRPS) within a narrow-based grass population. Pensacola bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum var. saure Parodi, a sexual diploid (2n = 20) that occupies several million hectares in the southern USA is such a grass. It originated as a …
The Study On The High Yield Property Of Billion Dollar Grass, Wan Lishong, Liu Shenglin, Geng Renren, Shao Shengrong, Jiang Wenkui
The Study On The High Yield Property Of Billion Dollar Grass, Wan Lishong, Liu Shenglin, Geng Renren, Shao Shengrong, Jiang Wenkui
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In 1964, one plant of billion dollar grass (Echinochloa crusgalli Link) was found by Wan Lisheng in artificial grassland in mid-part of the desert steppe in Ningxia, China. 50 g of seeds were collected in the same year. After 24 years' systematic selection breeding, a new variety named Hai zi-1 billion dollar grass (BDG) was developed. The characteristics of the grass were high-yield and fine quality with extraordinary plant height. The average height of the community was 180-230 cm, the highest plant could be 250 cm high. Its field yield was 16,866 t/ha DM in Ningxia plain irrigated area …
Grass Adaptation In Cuba. Ii. Regional Results With New Cultivars, J J. Paretas
Grass Adaptation In Cuba. Ii. Regional Results With New Cultivars, J J. Paretas
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Cuba, bovine feeding is based on the maximum pasture and forage utilization. Pastures occupy approximately 3.0 million hectares, the highest agricultural area of the country. From there, one million hectares are sown with improved varieties and the rest with low yielding and poor quality natural species or shrub areas with a very poor utilization area (Paretas and Carballar, 1988). On considering the high genetic potential of the animals mainly pures or with a high Holstein blood percentage, emphasis is made to transform the areas dedicated to pasture by improving the varieties yielding more and with a more stable production …
Comparative Study Of Some Varieties Of Cowpea I- Productivity And Nutritive Analysis, K M. Ghobrial, M A. Gabra
Comparative Study Of Some Varieties Of Cowpea I- Productivity And Nutritive Analysis, K M. Ghobrial, M A. Gabra
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Egypt, the serious problem of feed shortage, especially of green summer fodder suppresses the improvement of animal production. Therefore, dependence on improving local food and food resources for both animals and humans becomes a «must» for a right policy. The animal feeding system is depending on the cultivation of berseem (Trifolium alexandrium L.). It produces annually around 4.81 million tons starch value/year and could cover the requirements of animals with surplus of 0.92 million tons starch value. However, in summer period, there will be at least a deficiency of 1.50 million tons starch value and most animals are …
Early-Maturing And High-Yielding New Pea Varieties Zhongwan N1, N2, N3, And N4, Yunyue Sun, Jiakai Su
Early-Maturing And High-Yielding New Pea Varieties Zhongwan N1, N2, N3, And N4, Yunyue Sun, Jiakai Su
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pea is one of the main edible beans for the Chinese people. The total output of pea in China is third only to that of soybean and broad bean. In the main producing area, pea is a protein supplement feed for the animals and poultry next to bean meal. However, the planting area was restricted because most of the old varieties have long growing periods. The yield is low, the seed quality is poor, the plant is high, so it is easy to lodge. Therefore we selected and bred new pea varieties with earlymaturing,' high-yielding, low-plant and erect as well …
The Performance Of Wheatgrass Cultivars In Inner Mongolia Of China, Yun Jing-Feng, Mi Fu-Gui
The Performance Of Wheatgrass Cultivars In Inner Mongolia Of China, Yun Jing-Feng, Mi Fu-Gui
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron J. Gaertn) is native to Eurasia and most commonly occurs in southern regions of the U.S.S.R., northern regions of China and the P.R. of Mongolia. It is a main species component of steppe, sandy regions of steppe and mountain vegetation. Crested wheatgrass is a very winter-hardy, drought-resistant, extremely long-lived perennial bunchgrass. It regrows very early in the spring and turns yellow very late in the fall, maintaining a period of green growth more than 7 months. It is more widely used for rangeland improvement and artificial pasture establishment in the arid and semi-arid regions. There are …
Genetic Engineering For Pastures, W J. Peacock
Genetic Engineering For Pastures, W J. Peacock
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The flrst genetically engineered food products frolll hotticultural production systems are now enlering the Market and field trials of genetically engineered crop species are well advanced. We can expect that a range of crop cultivars, in which genetic engineering is n component of the breeding process, will soon go into broad ncre agriculture. Pasture species are nut far behind. Gene transfer systems are in place for a number of temperate and tropical pasture legumes and even for a few species of more dlrficult grasses. Genetic transfer systems are In place for a numoec of temperate and tropical pastvce legumes and …
Ammonia Volatilisation And Loss From Grassland Systems, S C. Jarvis, B F. Pain, D J. Hatch, R B. Thompson
Ammonia Volatilisation And Loss From Grassland Systems, S C. Jarvis, B F. Pain, D J. Hatch, R B. Thompson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
There is considerable interest in monitoring flows of nitrogen (N) through various parts of grassland systems. Until recent developments in methodology it had been particularly difficult to assess the contribution of NH3 volatilisation to N cycling. Emission rates for NH3 over Europe are thought to have increased by 50 % over the past 30-40 years and to arise largely from livestock excreta. This occurs after the hydrolysis of excreted urea and, with cattle, takes place directly from grazed swards, animal houses (during overwintering) and stored or applied slurry. As well as the economic losses, NH3 fluxes have important environmental consequences …
Nitrogen Losses From Cattle Dung, Y Sugimoto, P Roger Ball
Nitrogen Losses From Cattle Dung, Y Sugimoto, P Roger Ball
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Nitrogen (N) recylcing through animal excreta has long been considered beneficial to soil fertility in pasture. However, it was revealed recently that substantial N loss occurred via urine patches in intensively managed grass-clover pastures in New Zealand (Ball et al, 1979 and 1981; Ball and Ryden, 1984). Nitrogen flow through dung patches is another main process in N recycling, as one-third to a half ot the N excreted by cattle and sheep is voided in dung (Whitehead, 1970; Sugimoto et al, 1987). The objective of this research was to determine the nitrogen losses from cattle dung in a ryegrass-white clover …
Effect Of Nitrogen On Herbage Growth And Intake By Sheep In Continuously Grazed Swards Of Tall Fescue Genotypes, A Mazzanti, G Lemaire, F Gastal
Effect Of Nitrogen On Herbage Growth And Intake By Sheep In Continuously Grazed Swards Of Tall Fescue Genotypes, A Mazzanti, G Lemaire, F Gastal
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Relatively little is known about the growth of tall fescue under continuous grazing. Most of reported works about herb age production in such a grazing management have been done with perennial ryegrass and with relatively high levels of nitro gen fertilisation (Hodgson, 1981 ; Bircham, 1981; Parsons et al., 1983). The effect ot the level N nutrition on growth of a continuously grazing sward has not been yet studied. On intermitently defoliated swards of tall fescue, Gastal & Lemaire (1988) have shown that with non limiting level of N nutrition the increase in dry matter production could be 4 or …
Performance Of Cartenoid Pigments Of King Gras (Pennisteum Purperum) Mutants, J Lauzan, R S. Herrera, R O. Martinez, R Cruz
Performance Of Cartenoid Pigments Of King Gras (Pennisteum Purperum) Mutants, J Lauzan, R S. Herrera, R O. Martinez, R Cruz
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Previous studies from this series have indicated the variability reached in respect to yields and quality of the king grass clones obtained by in vitro tissue culture. The study of the photosynthetic pigments could contribute to explain the performance of these somaclones in respect to their growth and development. Thus, the objective of the present experiment was to learn the content and variation of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
The Effects Of Coconut Palms On Pasture Understory, R W. Snaydon, D.N S. Fernando, R Sangakkara
The Effects Of Coconut Palms On Pasture Understory, R W. Snaydon, D.N S. Fernando, R Sangakkara
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pastures are extensively grown under coconut palms, and mainly grazed by cattle (Plucknett, 1979). The main advantages of this form of mixed cropping are : (a) diversification of products, (b) additional income, (c) feed for draft animals, (d) weed control, and (e) more rapid nutrient cycling. Surprisingly little information is available on the effects of pastures and coconut palms on each other (Plucknett, 1979) ; even less is known about the mechanisms of competition between them. This study was designed to study the effects of coconut palms on pasture. A trenching technique was used to investigate the effects of below-ground …
Preliminary Rate Of Growth Curves For Legume Based Improved Pastures In The Mid-Altitude Region Of Yunnan Province Of Southern China, J R. Bruce-Smith, Yang Guo-Rong, Huang Bi-Zhi, Li Ji-Xin
Preliminary Rate Of Growth Curves For Legume Based Improved Pastures In The Mid-Altitude Region Of Yunnan Province Of Southern China, J R. Bruce-Smith, Yang Guo-Rong, Huang Bi-Zhi, Li Ji-Xin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Yunnan Province in south west China is very mountainous and has several major climatic/ecological zones ranging from tropical to alpine but all are dominated by the south Asian monsoonal rainy season. Extensive tracts of hilly depleted range lands occur in the mid-altitude zone (1800-2500 m) that are potentially suitable for developing to improved legume based pastures. Results of investigations as to suitable species and appropriate fertilizers for this purpose have been discussed previously (Mathison et al., 1985 and Wang et al., 1985). The Project has succesfully established model farms at several places throughout the Province and these carry reasonably productive …
Sustainable Poultry Farming: A Concept Of Iot-Based Poultry Management System For Small-Scale Farmers, Ayodeji Akinsoji Okubanjo, Ignatius Kema Okakwu, Olufemi Peter Alao, Nurudeen Samuel. Lawal, Ayoola Abiola Babalola, Abisola Olayiwola
Sustainable Poultry Farming: A Concept Of Iot-Based Poultry Management System For Small-Scale Farmers, Ayodeji Akinsoji Okubanjo, Ignatius Kema Okakwu, Olufemi Peter Alao, Nurudeen Samuel. Lawal, Ayoola Abiola Babalola, Abisola Olayiwola
Al-Bahir
Conventional poultry management techniques are failing to meet increased demand for poultry products as the population continues to grow. As a result, this issue has become a major concern for small-scale farmers, particularly those in low-income areas, in terms of food security. One of the main reasons for this is that the farmers rely on intensive farming methods which are inefficient for automating daily poultry operations. However, intensive farming methods pose major environmental concerns to ecosystems and poultry health. Also, the environmental conditions, welfare, and productivity of poultry operations may be harmed by the global climate crisis and poultry waste …
An In Vivo Microscopy Dataset For The Characterization Of Leukocyte Death, Alain Pulfer, Diego Ulisse Pizzagalli, Miguel Palomino Segura, Nina Germic, Tommaso Virgilio, Mauro Di Pilato, Pau Carrillo Barbera, Elisa Palladino, Paola Antonello, Marcus Thelen, Hans-Uwe Simon, Rolf Krause, Santiago F Gonzalez
An In Vivo Microscopy Dataset For The Characterization Of Leukocyte Death, Alain Pulfer, Diego Ulisse Pizzagalli, Miguel Palomino Segura, Nina Germic, Tommaso Virgilio, Mauro Di Pilato, Pau Carrillo Barbera, Elisa Palladino, Paola Antonello, Marcus Thelen, Hans-Uwe Simon, Rolf Krause, Santiago F Gonzalez
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
Recent advancements in intravital microscopy have enabled the study of cell death in vivo under various experimental conditions, such as infection and cancer. However, the limited throughput of this technology, together with a lack of openly accessible datasets, affects the development of algorithms for the automatic detection and characterization of cell death, which in turn require the integration of extensive and curated datasets. To address these needs, we present a curated dataset of microscopy videos depicting the death of neutrophils, eosinophils, and dendritic cells, acquired in the spleen and in the lymph node of mice under inflammatory conditions. The dataset …
Antioxidant Activity (2-2-Diphenil-1-Picrilhydrazil Radical-Scavenging Assay) And Phytochemicals Of Mimosa Invisa Colla And Mimosa Pigra L. Grown At Different Terrestrial Habitats, Irawati Chaniago, Ryan Budi Setiawan, Ardi, Doni Hariandi, Winda Purnama Sari
Antioxidant Activity (2-2-Diphenil-1-Picrilhydrazil Radical-Scavenging Assay) And Phytochemicals Of Mimosa Invisa Colla And Mimosa Pigra L. Grown At Different Terrestrial Habitats, Irawati Chaniago, Ryan Budi Setiawan, Ardi, Doni Hariandi, Winda Purnama Sari
Jurnal Kultivasi
Giant false sensitive plants (Mimosa invisa Colla) and giant sensitive plants (Mimosa pigra L.) are invasive plant species in the tropics and native to America. They are widely distributed in different ecosystems and soil types. Apart from being considered woody shrub weeds, these plant species can be used as herbal medicine for their antioxidant activities. An experiment to study the antioxidant activities and phytochemicals of M. invisa and M. pigra grown at 200 m from the coastline and close to the riverbank (riparian abandoned land) was carried out from March to November 2023. Weed leaves were collected as purposive randomized …