Digital Commons Network^™

Le Rôle Émergent De La Justice Dans La Reconstruction De L’État De Droit : Le Cas Du Liban D’Après‑Guerre, Georges Assaf

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

No abstract provided.

Le Conseil D’État : Histoire Et Évolution, Antoine Khair

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

No abstract provided.

Genocidal Occupation And The Occupier’S Dilemma: From Lemkin’S Axis Rule To 21st Century Palestine, Martin Shaw

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

Following Israel’s campaign in Gaza after October 7, 2023, which was widely recognized as a genocide, the “ceasefire” of late 2025 introduced the prospect of a new occupation of the territory by the USA and Israel, leading to its redevelopment by them rather than the restoration of the pre-2023 Palestinian society. Together with the parallel accentuation of Palestinian dispossession under Israeli occupation in the West Bank, this development calls for a theorization of the relationship between occupation and genocide. Yet, although the concept of genocide was introduced by Raphael Lemkin in his analysis of the German occupations of European countries, …

Smart Contracts And Contractual Interpretation, Abhinav Ravi

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

This essay examines the challenges that smart contracts pose for contractual interpretation. While smart contracts are often viewed as unambiguous because they operate through deterministic computer code, disputes may nevertheless arise where the outcome produced by the code diverges from the parties’ understanding of their agreement. The essay argues that these disputes are not adequately addressed by treating code as a definitive expression of contractual intention or by adopting the ‘reasonable coder’ standard proposed by the United Kingdom (‘UK’) Law Commission. The reasonable coder standard is theoretically incoherent because it lacks alignment, generality, and reviewability and therefore cannot perform the …

Stop Blaming My Users: Illumination Of The Technocentric Mythos Bias, Ervin H. Frenzel, Richard Lightcap

Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice

 Abstract -This conceptual essay addresses the need for systemic and systematic transdisciplinary analytical techniques within cybersecurity and technical security. This conceptual essay is contingent upon recognition that cybersecurity is not simply technical in nature, it does not need an adversary, and more importantly it is based upon systems engineering and systems thinking.  The essay contributes a socio-technical attribution chain and field-specific ontology/taxonomy which distinguish user-triggered events from root causes, latent conditions, technical debt, validation failures, governance failures, and attribution bias before assigning responsibility to end users. It systematically defines an ontology inclusive of developer technical debt, organizational debt arising from …

Criminal Investigation Of Crimes Committed In A Metaverse Environment: A Comparative Analytical Study, Hussein Abdelmoaty Abdelnaby

Journal of Police and Legal Sciences

The world is undergoing a radical transformation in the nature of social spaces and human interactions, driven by the emergence of advanced virtual environments such as the "metaverse," which represents a multi-dimensional digital extension of the real world. This transformation has led to the emergence of new forms of criminal activity occurring within this immaterial space, raising fundamental questions about the adequacy of traditional legal and procedural frameworks—particularly criminal investigation mechanisms—in keeping pace with these developments.

This study aims to analyze the key legal and procedural challenges associated with crimes committed in the metaverse and assess the adequacy of the …

Ndls Communicator: Week Of 07.27.26, Notre Dame Law School

NDLS Communicator

The Latest News

• Religious Liberty Summit
• Religious Liberty Clinic, Bellwether International, and Lantos Foundation publish report reviewing campaign that contributed to release of prisoner of conscience
• Notre Dame Legal History Colloquium to Begin Third Year of Meetings

Alumni News

• Shivani Prakash ‘24 J.D.
• Jared Huber ‘24 J.D.
• Dennis Wieboldt '26 J.D.
• Justice Mary Yu ’93 J.D.

Student News

• J.S.D. candidate Valentina Salazar and Pablo González Domínguez '16 J.S.D.
• J.S.D. candidate and Kellogg Ph.D. fellow Valentina Salazar

Faculty Briefs

• Nicole Garnett
• Joh Meiser
• Roger alford 
• Diane Desierto
• Emily Bremer
• Haley Proctor
• Carter Snead
• Susan Azyndar
• Yan Yu
• Cindy Tian
• Vincent Phillip …

The Possibilities Of Constitutional Education, Mark Jia

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Constitutional scholarship has traditionally focused on formal constitutional actors: courts, legislatures, and executives. These actors are often regarded as primary sources of constitutional law, or in some cases, as final arbiters of constitutional meaning. More peripheral in this literature are actors thought to transmit what courts and high officials have established. These constitutional educators, including law professors, legal journalists, and civics planners, are often overlooked for defensible reasons: They lack the normative authorities of formal institutional actors, and they do not exercise power as it is often understood in public law.

This Article advances a general theory of constitutional education …

Judges, Speaking Of Death: Criminal Sentencing As A Socio-Cultural Practice In India’S Trial Courts, Ashna Devaprasad

Socio-Legal Review

What role does language play in legitimising the exercise of judicial discretion during sentencing? And what can a judge’s linguistic choices tell us about the wider sentencing culture of a criminal justice system? Sentencing outcomes have long attracted considerable attention in criminal law scholarship, but the process of sentencing – the logics judges use, the narratives they construct, and the audiences they seek to persuade – has received much less empirical scrutiny. Building on ideas from “law and culture” and organisational sociology literature, this Article proposes studying sentencing as a “socio-cultural” practice; one that qualitatively examines the judicial function of …

La Différence Entre Le Contrat De Franchisage Et Le Contrat De Représentation Commerciale En Droit Libanais, Mazen N. Houssami

Proche-Orient, Études juridiques

No abstract provided.

Regulatory Innovation Through Authority: An Analysis Of India’S Central Consumer Protection Authority’S Functioning (2020–2025), Gaurav Pathak, Mohit Yadav, Anush Ganesh

International Journal on Consumer Law and Practice

This article presents the first comprehensive empirical analysis of India’s Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA), since its establishment in 2020, based on an examination of 165 orders across 118 cases through 2025. The study fills a critical research gap by systematically analysing CCPA’s enforcement patterns, procedural efficiency, and regulatory evolution. The unique dataset reveals that CCPA has fundamentally transformed India’s consumer protection landscape through a distinctive dual approach that combines reactive enforcement with proactive regulation. This study finds that 72 per cent of cases were initiated suo moto, indicating a paradigm shift from complaint-driven to preventive market surveillance and that …

Pharmaceutical Drug Regulation After Loper Bright, Aleja Norton-Abad

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Supreme Court's Pragmatic Turn On The Separation Of Powers: Refining Appointments Clause And Nondelegation Doctrine, Peter Margulies

DePaul Law Review

Pragmatism is the hallmark of two recent Supreme Court

decisions on the separation of powers, Kennedy v. Braidwood

Management, Inc., and Federal Communications Commission

(FCC) v. Consumers’ Research. These cases, which dealt with the

Appointments Clause and the nondelegation doctrine (public and

private) respectively, reject a rigid, literalist approach. Instead,

these decisions strive to make government workable, in the process

facilitating implementation of Congress’s plans.

Both Braidwood and Consumers’ Research decline to require

Congress to recite “magic words” or lock in future executive branch

officials with mechanical formulas or caps on fees. Instead, each

decision looks at legislation …

Letter From The Editor, Thomas J. Stoodt Jr.

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.

Son Of Sam Laws And The Alternative Methods For Addressing The Underlying Policy Considerations: It Takes More Than Good Moral Intuition To Make A Good Law, Kyra Holzmacher

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.

Bloomington Community Brain Health Services Program: The Intersection Of Law Enforcement And Brain Health, Janet Yeats, Luke Campbell, Booker Hodges

Forensic Scholars Today

In 2023, the Bloomington Police Department launched the Bloomington Community Brain Health Services (BCBHS) program in response to increasing mental health crises, provider shortages, long wait times for services, and rising law enforcement involvement in crisis calls. The Bloomington Model integrates licensed therapists and supervised graduate-level interns directly within a police department structure. The program aims to reduce mental health-related calls, stabilize residents experiencing crisis, and eliminate cost barriers by offering up to 15 sessions of free, short-term therapy delivered in homes, schools, virtual settings, and community spaces.

This article outlines the program’s development, implementation, and early outcomes, highlighting key …

The Role Of Online Disinhibition On Social Media Users' Privacy Concerns And Behaviors, Lisa Thompson, Sinyong Choi

Faculty Articles

As social media platforms become central to digital interactions, concerns about both privacy and the disclosure of personal information have evolved. Online disinhibition—the psychological detachment users experience in digital spaces that distance their online behaviors from offline consequences—may shape perceptions of privacy risks, particularly on social media platforms like TikTok. This study examines the relationships between online disinhibition and users’ privacy concerns and protective behaviors while accounting for individuals’ sense of gratification, media awareness, identity, and experience. By exploring dimensions such as anonymity and invisibility, we investigate how these factors are linked to self-disclosure and diminished privacy caution. Findings from …

"Distributed Voice" During Deliberations: What Real Juries Tell Us, Mary R. Rose, Shari S. Diamond

DePaul Law Review

Juries are supposed to represent the views of their community,

but securing representative bodies will not meet fair cross-section

aims if deliberations fail to actually produce contributions from a

wide variety of voices. This Essay develops the concept of

“distributed voice,” or the ability of a jury to spread out talk across

more jurors. Analyses examine what factors predict a jury’s

likelihood of producing more egalitarian distributions of speaking

turns and of words spoken. Data from actual deliberations of fifty

civil juries demonstrate that talk patterns on juries are more widely

distributed when there is a greater diversity of views …

What We Should Know About The Reliability Of Empirical Legal Studies, Kathryn Zeiler

DePaul Law Review

The findings of replication studies conducted in the early 2010s

led many to declare that science was in the midst of a “replication

crisis.” Since then, a growing number of reforms have been

proposed and tested. The field of empirical legal studies seems

behind other fields such as psychology, economics, political science,

medicine, biology, and others that have taken significant steps

toward uncovering the general reliability of the field’s empirical

work, investigating the causes of observed unreliability, and

instituting and testing the effects of various reforms. The purpose of

this Article is to summarize what we know about the reliability …

Procedural Justice In Trump's America, Rebecca Hollander-Blumoff

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.

Procedural Justice And Trial By Jury, Valerie P. Hans

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.

Probabilistic Injury And Presumptions Of Prejudicial Preferences, Erik J. Girvan

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.

Subjective Due Process As A Legal Standard: Using Lay Judgments As A Basis For Evaluating Emerging Remote And Impersonal Civil Procedures, Tom Tyler

DePaul Law Review

The forums through which the civil justice system operates are

rapidly changing toward the adoption of remote and impersonal

procedures. These changes are being driven by efforts to manage

large case loads through a system which has limited resources.

Authorities supporting these evolving forums suggest that they

respond to litigant concerns for rapid and inexpensive case

management procedures. A review of research suggests that, in

contrast to this perspective, people are actually very sensitive to

whether they believe they receive due process. Such due process

concerns have been identified through the literature of procedural

justice. They reflect four judgments about …

Table Of Contents

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Contemporary Tax Journal Volume 15, No. 1 – Summer 2026

The Contemporary Tax Journal

No abstract provided.

The White Hat Hacker's Approach: A Vulnerability Analysis Of U.S. Cyber Laws, Carlissa R. Carson

Montana Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Montana Supreme Court – The Statistics, Simon Mcmahon, Bryn Sokoloski

Montana Law Review

No abstract provided.

Strategic Surveillance Against Newsgathering, Courtney C. Douglas

Montana Law Review

No abstract provided.