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The Prairie Naturalist Volume 14, No. 1. March 1982

The Prairie Naturalist

LEGUME DISTRIBUTION AND NODULATION IN ARAPAHO PRAIRIE, ARTHUR COUNTY, NEBRASKA ▪ L. A. Kapustka and J. D. DuBois

BREEDING BIRDS IN TWO DRY WETLANDS IN EASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ D. E. Hubbard

RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF THREE SMALL-MAMMAL TRAPS IN PRAIRIE WETLANDS G. W. Pendleton and R. P. Davison

WHITE PELICAN POPULATIONS AT CHASE LAKE, NORTH DAKOTA, EVALUATED BY AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY ▪ J. G. Sidle and E. L. Ferguson

MOSQUITOES (DIPTERA:CULICIDAE) CONSUMED BY BREEDING ANATINAE IN SOUTH CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA ▪ M. I. Meyer and G. W. Swanson

BOOK REVIEWS:

Peterson's revised field guide ▪ J. M. Andrew

Midwestern turtles ▪ …

The Probe, Issue 20 - March 1982

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE National Animal Damage Control Association March, 1982
The Endangered Species Act(ESA)is in the process of being amended.
Executive Committee meeting
NADCA meeting
CDC reports two recent cases of humans contracting tularemia from their cats.
TULAREMIA,WHERE ARE YA WHEN WE NEED YA?
DOG OWNERS - REMEMBER IT'S TRAPPING SEASON
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN MAMMALOGISTS
ANIMALS HAS GOT AS MUCH RIGHTS AS HUMANS
NATIONAL WOOLGROWERS ANNUAL MEETING
EPA 1080 HEARINGS
The Research & Special Programs'Administration (U.S. Dept. of Transportation) has ruled that pyrotechnical devices like Shellcrackers come under the Class A explosives category which makes them practically impossible to transport.
RICH …

Sunlight Induced Movement Of Planktonic Organisms And Their Relationships To Water Movements, John Calkins, Ed Colley, Jay Wallingford, Carol Hulsey, Kathy Lohr, Marc Bolling

KWRRI Research Reports

Previous studies have shown the planktonic organisms of various natural water bodies to be quite sensitive to the levels of solar ultraviolet radiation incident at the water surface in summer. It has been assumed that the majority of the phytoplankton are simply carried about in the mass of the water which they inhabit with little control of their position or sunlight exposure. Photosynthetic microorganisms must strike a delicate balance with regard to solar radiation; they must obtain enough visible light for adequate photosynthesis while avoiding an excessive exposure to the injurious solar UV-B radiation.

It is proposed that the circulation …

Predator Problems When Using Sheep And Goats In Managing Brush On Rangelands, James E. Bowns

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Rangelands occupy a large portion of the western United States and the world. Grazing by ruminant animals provides the only means of obtaining usable products from these lands. Sheep and goats are more efficient producers, better adapted to many ranges, and are useful in controlling or manipulating shrubs and other undesirable vegetation which results in improved range conditions and increased water yields. There has been a general decline in sheep and goat numbers and a shift toward cattle. Predation has been a major factor in the abandonment of many sheep and goat operations and the shift to other livestock. A …

Pulsed Baiting —A New Technique For High Potency, Slow Acting Rodenticides, Adrian C. Dubock

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The disadvantages of the acute, fast-acting, rodenticides are well understood by the specialist. However, despite poison-shyness and consequent short-lived, low efficacy rodent control, many users prefer "acutes" such as zinc phosphide to "first-generation" anticoagulants of the warfarin type. The techniques necessary for efficient use of the first-generation anticoagulants are often inappropriate, particularly in agriculture. High labour and bait inputs required are unacceptable and are, together with the need for area coordinated control programs, significantly responsible for lack of widespread use of anticoagulants, even in those countries with a long history both of disastrous rodent damage to crops and rodent damage …

Monofluoroacetic Acid (Compound 1080), Its Pharmacology And Toxicology, Ernest Kun

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The molecular mechanism of toxic action of fluoroacetate is analyzed in the perspective of scientific developments of the past 30 years. Stereospecific enzymatic conversion of fluoroacetate via fluoroacetyl –CoA + Oxalacetate to (-)-erythrofluorocitrate in mitochondria is the metabolic pathway that converts the nontoxic fluoroacetate to the toxic intra-cellular effector molecule. The mode of toxic effect of (-)-erythrofluorocitrate cannot be equated with its reversible inhibitory effect on a mitochondrial enzyme (aconitase) as had been originally thought by Peters (1963) and is still propagated in textbooks. Instead, the chemical modifications of inner mitochondrial membrane proteins by (-)-erythrofluorocitrate, comprising a novel, as yet …

Guard Dogs And Gas Exploders As Coyote Depredation Control Tools In North Dakota, William K. Pfeifer, Michael W. Goos

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Guard dogs and gas exploders have been successfully used in North Dakota to protect sheep from coyote (Canis latrans) depredation since the mid-1970s. They have been used in addition to other lethal and nonlethal control tools. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service gathered information from field testing and landowner interviews to measure their effectiveness. Guard dogs reduced the rate of depredation by 93 percent on the 36 ranches surveyed. Gas exploders deterred coyotes from depredating on 30 ranches an average of 31 days during the 1980 and 1981 grazing seasons. An increasing number of sheep producers are using these control …

Aluminum Phosphide (Phostoxin) As A Burrow Fumigant For Ground Squirrel Control, Terrell P. Salmon, W. Paul Gorenzel, Walter J. Bentley

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) is widely distributed throughout California. It causes serious damage to agricultural crops. Tests were conducted to evaluate the fumigant aluminum phosphide (Phostoxin®) and to compare it to the commonly used gas cartridge. Treatments consisted of applying either a single-dose (two 3-gm tablets) or double-dose (four 3-gm tablets) of aluminum phosphide, or 1 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service gas cartridge in each burrow in the study plots. The burrow opening was then plugged with 1 sheet of newspaper and sealed with soil. Burrows in the control plot were plugged with newspaper and sealed in the …

Mountain Lion Predation On Domestic Livestock In Nevada, H. Russell Suminski

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The mountain lion has long been considered a serious predator on domestic livestock, primarily sheep, in the state of Nevada. For the past five years (FY77-81), documented losses to lions have averaged 375 animals. While this number is not large, most losses are sustained by only a few individual livestock operators, and the losses constitute a serious economic hardship for these individuals. An average of 23 lions have been taken in response to livestock depredation complaints during each of these five years. Controlling livestock loss to mountain lions is the responsibility of the Animal Damage Control branch of the U.S. …

The Use Of Fences For Predator Damage Control, Dale A. Wade

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The development of exclusion fencing has been extensive in Australia in attempts to reduce losses of crops and livestock to rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), dingos (Canis familiaris Var. dingo) and other species. Restrictions on other damage control methods have led to increased efforts in the United States to utilize such fences for protection of crops and livestock from dogs (Canis familiaris), coyotes (Canis latrans) and other species. Electric fences have occasionally been used to protect apiaries from black bears (Ursus americanus) and to protect some wildlife species from carnivores. Varied fence types include conventional net-wire or combinations of net and barbed …

Green Chopped Bait For The Control Of The Oregon Ground Squirrel, Kenneth W. Wright

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

In 1972 at the Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference, my predecessor, Loring White, described "The Adaptation to a Changing Environment of the Oregon Ground Squirrel." Today, ten years later, I will bring you up-to-date on what we are doing to control this persistent ground squirrel to a point where we can keep our farming operations going in spite of this pest. Bait-shyness or poor bait acceptance has forced us to use a green bait. For efficiency, aircraft broadcasting has become the common method of application. So that you might have a better perspective of our ground squirrel operations, I will illustrate …

Rodent Control In Barbados, Charley O. Browne

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

As a result of an increase in the number of cases of the disease, leptospirosis, occurring between the years 1961 and 1971, the Government of Barbados became concerned about this health problem. With assistance from Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) surveys were carried out with a hope of ascertaining the possible cause of the problem and to determine subsequent remedial action.

Dispersal And Some Implications For Control Of The California Ground Squirrel, Dennis C. Stroud

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Data from current research and from the literature indicate that a knowledge of dispersal of the California ground squirrel can help to develop control strategy. An understanding of the rate and extent of dispersal may help reduce poor results due to patchy control. A knowledge of dispersal distance can help to determine the size of a buffer zone of control which may reduce the rate of reinvasion. The seasonal timing of dispersal is predictable in the California ground squirrel, and this can help to establish follow-up control.

Volume 6, Numbers 1 & 2 (February & March 1982), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

Note that this issue should be Numbers 2 & 3, not Numbers 1 & 2.

The Probe, Issue 19 - February 1982

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE National Animal Damage Control Association February, 1982
The NATIONAL W1LDLIFE FEDERATION (Newsrelease 1/7/82) listed animals that made the news for 1981.
The explosion of predation, primarily by the coyote, that has forced thousands of sheep growers out of business over the past decade.
OL’ TIMER'S CORNER
THE 1080 CONTROVERSY
AUDUBON NEWSLETTER, January 4. 1982
All-out chemical warfare.
1080 is most lethal and destructive.
Death of thousands of non-target animals including eagles.
Kill the Industry, Not the Animals
HUNTER HARASSMENT

Resource Management Thrusts And Opportunities: Blm-Administered Public Lands, D. Dean Bibles

United States Bureau of Land Management: Staff Publications

Management of public land wildlife resources is facing its greatest challenge. It will be a monumental task to provide for wildlife's needs and maintain a viable species diversity and abundance in view of the many conflicts and strong competition from other uses. I believe it can be done, but only through an appropriate emphasis on well-planned priorities, management innovations, and an even higher level of cooperation between the federal land managers, the State wildlife agencies, and the concerned private organizations and individuals.

Land Use Inventory Of Salt Lake County, Utah From Color Infrared Aerial Photography 1982, Kevin P. Price, Reynold D. Willie, Douglas J. Wheeler, Merrill K. Ridd

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Salt lake County, Utah's major population center, continues to experience rapid urban growth. The Impacts of urbanization on land use patterns and natural resources in the county are of particular Interest to both state and local policy makers and planners. The effect of urban development on a dwindling agricultural land base and water resources must be assessed to allow a rational basis for future water allocation and land use planning .

A Preliminary Assessment Of Nutrient Loading Into Narragansett Bay Due To Urban Runoff, Lynne Carter Hanson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study is a component of a more comprehensive investigation at the Marine Ecosystems Research Laboratory, (MERL), University of Rhode Island, that was undertaken in order to assess the potential for eutrophication in both its meanings as a natural and man-induced process occurring in the upper portions of Narragansett Bay and its watershed. This assessment required identification and quantification of the various inputs in order to establish the annual loading and eventual effects of the four important nutrients; ammonia, nitrate-nitrite, silicate and phosphate.

Fisheries Report No 51 - 'Taiyo Maru 71" Demersal Trawling Cruise In Western Australian Coastal Waters South Of 21 S, July-September, 1979, D. I. Heald, M. H. Walker

Fisheries Research Reports

A Japanese demersal trawler, 'Taiyo Maru 771' was given special permission to conduct exploratory trawling in the period 73.7.79-16.9.79 off the Western Australian coast between 21°S Latitude and 35°30'S Latitude, an area which partly overlapped the fishing grounds for the western rock Lobster. The vessel was required to complete a catch, fishing effort and species composition log book issued by the Commonweath Department of Primary Industry. Two Western Australian Department of Fisheries and Wildlife observers on board monitored fishing operations for the entire duration of the cause and undertook research.

Details of each trawl conducted are given and discussed. Catch …

Utah Geothermal Institutional Handbook, A User's Guide Of Agencies, Regulations, Permits And Aids For Geothermal Development, L. Ward Wagstaff, Stanley Green

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The purpose of this handbook is to assist interested persons in understanding and complying with the various laws, regulations, and procedures associated with the development of geothermal resources in Utah. Included in the Handbook are lists of the main permits required and the names of agencies and persons associated with permits; a summary of pertinent laws, regulations, and permits; and charts outlining typical development and permitting procedures. The Handbook is intended as a general guide; the best and most reliable guidance for a prospective developer is through direct interaction with the respective regulatory agencies.

In Situ And Laboratory Geotechnical Test Results From Borehole Gd-1 In Southeast Utah, United States Department Of Energy

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

In situ testing was conducted in the Gibson Dome No. 1 (GD-1) borehole in southeastern Utah at depths ranging from 954 to 1,507 m (3,130 to 4,945 feet). These tests were made in a number of salt strata to measure (1) stress-strain behavior of the borehole (hole "squeeze"); (2) short-term borehole creep; and (3) in situ stresses in salt strata. Laboratory triaxial strength and creep tests were conducted on core removed from GD-1 to provide engineering data under a variety of test conditions (stress state, strain rate, and temperature). Results of in situ and laboratory tests will be used to …

Lake Powell Water Quality Programs And Associated Files, A Users' Guide To Programs Powell And Powplot, United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation

Water

During the summer of 1980, work began at the Engineering and Research Center, Bureau of Reclamation, to develop a computerized method for analyzing Lake Powell water quality data. Lake Powell, in southeastern Utah is formed by Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River at Page, Arizona. This work was carried out by Mr. Greg A. Keller under the supervision of Mr. David H. Merritt in the Colorado River Water Quality Office. By July of 1981, two computer programs, named POWELL and POWPLOT, had been produced. This document is intended to provide guidance for the user of these programs.

The River Of Sorrows: The History Of The Lower Dolores River Valley, U.S. Department Of The Interior

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

The Probe, Issue 18 - January 1982

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE National Animal Damage Control Association January, 1982
We must admit the first elections for NADCA did seem a bit rigged as there were only two candidates suggested for Secretary/Treasurer and no opponents for the incumbent RDs in Regions I and VII.
TREASURER'S REPORT FOR 1981.
WHAT PRICE RABIES ?
ADC AND THE RELATED PROFESSIONS
1980 IRS returns
CALLING ALL COYOTES
Eli Lily & Company is supposed to seek registration for this new chemical from EPA this year .
The pallia, a small bird of the honeycreeper family, lives on the upper slopes of Hawaii's dormant volcano, Mauna Kea. …

Restoring Natural Conditions In A Boreal Forest Park, Glen F. Cole

United States National Park Service: Publications

Voyageurs National Park is located in northern Minnesota (Figure 1). Its northern and eastern boundaries parallel a historic fur trade route that influenced the location of the boundary between the United States and Canada. About two-thirds of the park's 344-square-mile (891 km²) area is land, and the remainder is made up of numerous small and large lakes. The interspersion of forested land, massive rock outcrops and lakes make the park very scenic. It is also somewhat unique because it is the only U.S. park on the mainland in a southern boreal forest region. Isle Royale National Park is …

A Multiobjective Branch-And-Bound Method For Planning Wastewater And Residual Management Systems, Masahisa Nakamura, Suraj M. Alexander, James M. Riley, Robert Simon, Susan Meyer, Kenneth F. Bloemer

KWRRI Research Reports

A multiobjective branch-and-bound algorithm is proposed for use in analysing multiobjective fixed-charge network-flow problems which are found commonly in water resources planning situations. Also proposed is a multiobjective imputed value analysis which makes use of the branch-and-bound tree structure and allows the comparison of the importance of facilities in the network as represented by individual arcs or sets of arcs. The mathematical formulation and the analysis procedure of the method are described, and the potential usefulness of the method is demonstrated using two hypothetical example problems dealing with regional wastewater treatment and residual management systems. A FORTRAN program for implementing …

Synthetic Fuels For Transportation, W. M. Carriere, W. F. Hamilton, L. M. Morecraft

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

The Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), at the request ofthe Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, initiated a comparative study of automobile fuel efficiency and the technology of alternative energy sources. The assessment, "Synthetic Fuels for Transportation," will be completed in early 1982. Included in that analysis are the assessment of automobile engines, other vehicle systems, and electric and hybrid vehicles.

This contractor report was prepared by the General Research Corp., under the direction of Dr. D. P. Maxfield, as technical input to the OTA study. It deals with electric and hybrid vehicle systems and their possible benefits and …

Wind Erosion And Sand Blasting, E E. Rowley

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Wind erosion and sand blasting of crops and pastures have been frequent hazards to many south coast sandplain farms ever since land clearing started there. In 1980 and 1981 the problems were particularly severe, resulting in widespread crop and pasture losses. Pastures are at risk as the amount of available dry feed declines in late summer, autumn and early winter, but cultivated paddocks with emerging crops usually suffer the most serious economic and physical effects. Wind-caused problems have serious implications for agriculture on these sandplain areas. Apart from the serious annual production losses, four or five consecutive years of serious …

Organizational Alternatives To Achieve Greater Uniformity In State-Wide Water Rights Management In Utah, Daniel H. Hoggan, Kirk R. Kimball, Jay M. Bagley, Frank W. Haws

Reports

In the distribution of water among users in the state of Utah there is lack of organizational uniformity. On some rivers, the state engineer is assisted by river sommissioners who have been appointed to measure and monitor water deliveries. On other rivers there are no comissioners; problems and disputes must be settled on a case by case basis by the state engineer. The responsibilities, arrangements, salaries, and methods of payment for commissioners vary from basin to basin. A more unifed distribution organization composed of state-employed water sommissioners would have several advantages over the existing system of commissioners employed by local …

Further Studies Of A Cache Valley Residence Having A Groundwater Heat Pump, Michael L. Henrie

Reports

The thermal behavior of a 5-ton groundwater heat pump and the wood-frame house in which it is installed (located in Logan, Utah, latitude 44°49’; elevation 4775 ft.) were investigated during two 30 day peak use periods, the first in late summer and the second in mid-winter. Continuous measurements were taken of indoor and outdoor temperatures, groundwater temperatures, supply and return air temperatures, gallons of groundwater cycled, and Btu rejected or absorbed. These measurements were used for 1) determining the instantaneous heat gains and/or heat losses of the house by conduction and infiltration of both periods studied and 2) computing the …