Digital Commons Network^™

Objectives And Integrated Approaches For The Control Of Brown Tree Snakes, Richard M. Engeman, Daniel S. Vice

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The inadvertent introduction of the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) to Guam has resulted in the extirpation of most of the island’s native terrestrial vertebrates, has presented a health hazard to small children, and also has produced an economic problem. Management of brown tree snakes is aimed at a number of objectives, the foremost of which has been to deter its dispersal through Guam’s cargo traffic to other locations. Another objective is to reclaim areas on Guam for reintroduction of native wildlife. A related objective is the protection of small sensitive sites on Guam from brown tree snake …

Repelling Sandhill Cranes From Corn: Whole-Kernel Experiments With Captive Birds, Bradley F. Blackwell, David A. Helon, Richard A. Dolbeer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) are opportunistic omnivores that incorporate both waste and unharvested cereal grains (Gramineae) in their diets. Limited hunting of cranes to reduce crop damage has had questionable results, and lethal control of depredating species is increasingly contentious. Our objectives were to evaluate anthraquinone-based Flight Control^TM and methyl anthranilate-based ReJeX-iT^TM AG-36 as nontoxic avian foraging repellents in separate 2-choice pen tests with captive greater sandhill cranes (G. c. tabida) fed with whole-kernel corn (Zea mays). In both tests, crane pairs consumed, respectively, 8.6 and 9.8 times more untreated than treated …

Case Study 2: Seed Treatment, Peter Edwards, Kees Romijn, Michael L. Avery, Ralf Barfknecht, Mark Clook, Wout Slob, Martin Urban

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

General information and use pattern
Function: Insecticide seed treatment
Mode of action: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor
Type and composition of formulation: Cereal seed treatment with colored dye. Nominal concentration on seed is 1000 mg a.i./kg.
Crop and pest: Control of wheat bulb fly in autumn/winter-sown cereals
Application: Treated seed is drilled to a depth of approximately 2.5 cm at a sowing rate of approximately 180 kg seed/ha. Soil type, seedbed, and climatic conditions may influence the proportion of seeds left on the soil surface. The label is explicit about procedures to minimize seed left on the soil surface and collection and …

A Direct Comparison Of Trapping And Spotlight Searches For Capturing Brown Tree Snakes On Guam, Richard M. Engeman, D.S. Vice

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Brown Tree Snake populations on Guam are controlled in the vicinities of cargo staging and transport areas to prevent their dispersal from Guam, and their populations are controlled in areas where endangered species are to be reintroduced. Trapping and night-time spotlight searches of fences are the two primary Brown Tree Snake population reduction methods used on Guam. We conducted a three month study comparing Brown Tree Snake captures by spotlighting fences to captures by trapping. Traps were placed either on the edge of the forest paralleling the fences, or they were hung on the fences. Applications of each capture method …

Daily Activity Budgets And Population Size Of American White Pelicans Wintering In South Louisiana And The Delta Region Of Mississippi, D. Tommy King, Scott J. Werner

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Twenty-one American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) were captured and fitted with radio-transmitters in South Louisiana and the delta region o f Mississippi during the winter and early spring of 1994-1997. The pelicans were monitored to determine their daily activity budgets while using different habitats such as catfish ponds, crawfish ponds, rivers, lakes, and bayous. Pelicans foraging at catfish ponds spent about 4% of their day foraging and 96% loafing, while pelicans foraging in other habitats spent about 28% of their day foraging and 72% loafing. For an individual bird, the mean number of foraging sessions per day was …

Bear Behavior In The Vicinity Of Supplemental Feeding Stations In Western Washington, Dale L. Nolte, Timothy J. Veenendaal, Georg J. Ziegltrum, Philipp Fersterer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Black bear can inflict severe negative Impacts on timber stands in the northwestern United States. A supplemental feeding program to provide bears an alternative food source during spring is practiced in the state of Washington, and to a lesser extent in other states. We initiated concurrent studies to assess characteristics of bear that forage at feeding stations, the interactions of bears around feeders, and impacts of the program on bear territories. Numerous bears fed at stations, including females with and without cubs, yearlings, and males. Bear feeding bouts at stations were generally short, less than 15 minutes. Bears generally fed …

Effect Of Feeding Stations On The Home Ranges Of American Black Bears In Western Washington, Philipp Fersterer, Dale L. Nolte, Georg J. Ziegltrum, Hartmut Gossow

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Forest managers establish feeding stations throughout coniferous forests in western Washington that are vulnerable to American black bear (Ursus americanus) damage in the spring. This study was conducted to determine whether the home ranges of bears in areas with supplemental feeding were smaller than the home ranges of bears in similar adjacent areas without supplemental feeding. Home range sizes varied among bears. However, the home range sizes of bears in feeding areas did not differ (P > 0.35) from home ranges of bears in non-feeding areas. Male bears had larger (P = 0.0002) home ranges than female …

Case Study 1 : Foliar Insecticide I, Monte Mayes, John D. Eisemann, Alain Baril, Tony Hawkes, Liesbeth Heijink, Peter Lawlor

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

A major part of the Woudschoten workshop was conducted in the form of breakout groups dealing with a case study each. A case study consists of a set of test results, data, and information on a fictitious pesticide which could be part of an application for authorization. The groups were asked to take the role of regulators assessing the risk to birds for a specified use. Basic data packages for each case containing a description of the use, standard toxicity data, and background information were prepared by the case study authors and distributed in advance. The groups were then asked …

Determination Of Nutrient Loads In Upper Moore's Creek 2000, M. A. Nelson, W. L. Cash, K. F. Steele

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Fisheries Research Report No. 125 - A History Of Foreign Fishing Activities And Fishery-Independent Surveys Of The Demersal Finfish Resources In The Kimberley Region Of Western Australia, G Nowara, Stephen J. Newman

Fisheries Research Reports

The aim of this project was to collate all historical information regarding fishing activities relevant to the Northern Demersal Scalefish Fishery. Three primary sources of information were identified; foreign Taiwanese pair-trawl fishing activities; traditional Indonesian fishing activities; and fishery-independent (CSIRO) survey data.

The Taiwanese pair-trawl fishing catch and effort from 1980 to 1990 was concentrated into two main regions, the Broome area (120°-122°E) and the Holothuria Banks area (124°-126°E) in the north. The majority of trawls were undertaken in the mid-continental shelf region (60-100 m). The total catch of these vessels reached a peak of 4,394 tonnes in 1985. Effort …

The Probe, Issue 215 – March/April 2001

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Experimental Pocket Gopher Control Device -- Jeff Schalau
The Northeast Wildlife Damage Management Research and Outreach Cooperative -- Paul Curtis, Cornell University and Gary San Julian, Penn State University, Co-Directors
Get a Free "Web Presence" at the Internet Center for Wildlife Damage Management (ICWDM) -- Dallas Virchow
Cornell Cooperative Extension is now providing an electronic version of Wildlife Damage News (http:www.dnr.cornell.edu/ext/wildlifedamage/). This is an electronic newsletter.
The brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) and acetaminophen in Guam: "Two 300 mg tablets in a dead mouse, ingested by a brown tree snake, kills the snake within 3 hours," said Mike Pitzler, a …

State Of Tampa Bay 2000, Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council (Tbrpc)

Reports

This is the fourteenth edition of the "State of Tampa Bay" Report. It has been prepared by the Agency on Bay Management and funded by the Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council. The Report's primary purpose is to inform our legislators and the general public about the projects and programs underway around Tampa Bay and in its watershed, and the issues and challenges that faced us during 2000 or are expected in 2001.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 33, No.1 March 2001

The Prairie Naturalist

VEGETATION STRUCTURE AND INVERTEBRATE BIOMASS OF CONVENTIONAL AND SUSTAINABLE SORGHUM FIELDS IN KANSAS ▪ R. J. Robel and C Xiong

MONTHLY OPEN-WATER BOTTOM TRAWLING AT TWO SOUTH DAKOTA LAKES ▪ B. G. Blackwell and M. L. Brown

WINTER SURVIVAL AND HOME RANGE OF FEMALE RING-NECKED PHEASANT IN RELATION TO FOOD' PLOTS ▪ A E. Gabbert, J. R. Purvis, L. D. Flake, and A P. Leif

THIRD BREEDING RECORD OF BLUE GROSBEAK IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ K. H. Haas and C A Haas

EVIDENCE OF AMERICAN WOODCOCK NESTING IN SOUTHEASTERN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ F. Y Sargeant and G. A Sargeant

BOOK …

Lifecycle Energy And Air Emission Differences Between Electric And Internal Combustion Vehicles, David L. Mccleese

Theses and Dissertations

The U.S. Federal Government has encouraged shifting from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to electric vehicles (EVs) with three objectives, reducing foreign oil dependence, greenhouse gas emissions, and criteria pollutant emissions. This thesis uses Monte Carlo simulation to predict lifecycle emissions and energy consumption differences per kilometer driven from replacing ICEVs with three EV options: lead acid, nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd), and nickel metal hydride (NiMH). All three EV options reduce U.S. foreign oil dependence by shifting to domestic coal. The probabilities that lifecycle energy consumption per km driven improve are lead acid 76%, Ni-Cd 64%, and NiMH 90%. The probabilities …

Effects On The Red-Cockaded Woodpecker From Various Spatial And Temporal Applications Of Management Practices, Chad F. Schroeder

Theses and Dissertations

The Red-Cockaded Woodpecker (RCW) is an endangered species endemic to southeastern pine forests in the United States. RCWs are cooperative breeding birds that live together in clusters of old-growth pine trees in which they construct their nesting cavities. The cavities are constructed in living pines, which are predominantly longleaf pines. RCWs also forage upon older pines, preferably longleaf pine. The Endangered Species Act, along with other DoD regulations, requires DoD installations to protect the RCWs and restore their habitat. A popular management practice converts off-site (non-native) pines back to a region's indigenous pines. Conversion provides the best long term RCW …

Bear Behavior In The Vicinity Of Supplemental Feeding Stations In Western Washington, Dale L. Nolte, Timothy J. Veenendaal, George J. Ziegltrum, Philipp Fersterer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Black bear can inflict severe negative Impacts on timber stands in the northwestern United States. A supplemental feeding program to provide bears an alternative food source during spring is practiced in the stat e of Washington, and to a lesser extent in other states. We initiated concurrent studies to assess characteristics of bear that forage at feeding stations, the interactions of bears around feeders, and impacts of the program on bear territories. Numerous bears fed at stations, including females with and without cubs, yearlings. and males. Bear feeding bouts at stations were generally short, less than 15 minutes. Bears generally …

Influence Of Size Of Sporocyst Inoculum Upon The Size And Number Of Sarcocysts Of Sarcocystis Falcatula Which Develop In The Brown-Headed Cowbird, Melanie P. Hemenway, Michael L. Avery, Pam E. Ginn, Sarah Schaack, John B. Dame, Ellis C. Greiner

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The influence of the number of sporocysts in the inoculum of Sarcocystis falcatula on the morphology of the sarcocysts has not been reported in the literature. To determine if there is a relationship, different number of sporocysts were inoculated orally into wild-caught cowbirds. After 14 weeks, the cowbirds were euthanised and muscle tissue was examined grossly and by histologic sections. Sarcocysts were compared based on the numbers which developed and their sizes. There was a linear increase in the number of sarcocysts as the size of the inoculum increased, however, the size of the sarcocysts became smaller with the increase …

Development Of Sarcocystis Falcatula In Its Intermediate Host, The Brown-Headed Cowbird (Molothrus Ater), Shannon L. Luznar, Michael L. Avery, John B. Dame, Robert J. Mackay, Ellis C. Greiner

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Sporocysts of Sarcocystis falcatula obtained from experimentally infected Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) were inoculated orally to 60 wild-caught Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Another 30 Brown-headed Cowbirds were not challenged and served as uninfected controls. Two inoculated and one control cowbird were necropsied every 2 weeks and the pectoral and thigh muscles were examined grossly for cyst development. Stained histologic sections of pectoral muscle, thigh muscle, and lung were examined by light microscopy and presence, density, and size of sarcocysts were determined. Sarcocysts were present by 6 weeks post-inoculation (PI) and were still growing at …

Ecotoxicology, Ronald J. Kendall, Todd A. Anderson, Robert J. Baker, Catherine M. Bens, James A. Carr, Louis A. Chiodo, George P. Cobb Iii, Richard L. Dickerson, Kenneth R. Dixon, Lynn T. Frame, Michael J. Hooper, Clyde F. Martin, Scott T. Mcmurry, Reynaldo Patino, Ernest E. Smith, Christopher W. Theodorakis

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The field of environmental toxicology, particularly as related to the area of ecotoxicology, continues to be a rapidly developing discipline of environmental science (Connell and Miller, 1984; Duffus 1980; Guthie and Perry, 1980; Hoffman et al., 1995; Moriarity 1988; Truhaut, 1977). The term ecotoxicology was introduced by Truhaut in 1969 (Truhaut, 1977) and this field is a natural extension of toxicology. It is best defined as the study of the fate and effects of toxic substances on an ecosystem and is based on scientific research employing both field and laboratory methods (Kendall, 1982; Kendall, 1992; and Hoffman et al., 1995). …

Effects Of Sterilization On Territory Fidelity And Maintenance, Pair Bonds, And Survival Rates Of Free-Ranging Coyotes, Cassity Bromley, Eric M. Gese

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Predation on sheep by coyotes (Canis latrans) is a longstanding problem for sheep producers. Current research suggests that surgical sterilization of coyotes could prove to be an effective method of reducing their depredation rates on domestic sheep by modifying their predatory behavior. However, for sterilization to be a viable management tool, the territorial and affiliative behaviors of pack members would need to remain in place. We tested whether surgically sterilized coyotes maintained pair bonds and territories in the same manner as intact coyotes. We also examined if territory fidelity and survival rates differed between sterile and intact coyotes. …

Guidelines For Eradication Of Terrestrial Vertebrates: A European Contribution To The Invasive Alien Species Issue, Piero Genovesi Ph.D.

Other Publications in Wildlife Management

Invasive alien species (IAS) are now acknowledged as one of the major threats to biodiversity, together with habitat loss and fragmentation. Furthermore, it is predicted that biotic invasions will become the major engines of ecological disintegration in the future; this is because of the increased spread of alien species, due to the greater mobility of the human population, rapidly growing transport technology, expanding tourism and travel activities, and world-wide free trade (Cox 1999, Ruesink et al. 1995).

In addition to the threats to biodiversity, the direct costs of IAS are immense. It is difficult to estimate precisely the economic losses …

Dealing With Nuisance And Depredating Black Bears, Gary W. Witmer, Donald G. Whittaker

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Black bears (Ursus americanus) are a valued resource in North America but pose many challenges to resource managers. They may be managed in 1 or more ways, including sustained yield harvests, nuisance animal control, or conservation management. Many black bear populations are stable or increasing, and combine with expanding human populations, increased development, and recreational activities, are leading to an increase in human-bear conflicts. Historically, methods such as relocation, general hunting seasons, or special hunts have been used in an effort to reduce bear density and damage, or to target individual offending animals. Many resource managers now operate …

A Strategic Marketing Analysis Of The Western Australian Olive Industry, Francis D'Emden

Horticulture published reports

A recent survey of Western Australian olive growers has revealed the rapid expansion of the State's Olive Industry, with at least 1.7 million olive trees to be planted in the next two to four years in Western Australia. NSW and SA are currently the dominant producers with around 64% of olive trees planted in those States.

This analysis concentrates on the olive oil market, as most groves have been planted to varieties suited to olive oil production. Approximately 4% of trees are table varieties, most of which have been planted amongst groves of predominantly oil or dual-purpose varieties.

Western Australia …

Sustainable Tourism Plan For The Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Fisheries Western Australia

Fisheries Management Papers

The Abrolhos coral reefs are the southernmost living reefs in the Indian Ocean. They have a unique assemblage of tropical species of fish, reef corals and other invertebrates, which live in close association with temperate species, particularly of algae, and species endemic to Western Australia. The Abrolhos is the centre of the fishery for the commercially valuable western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus). Terrestrial flora and fauna of the Abrolhos are relict and provide important reference areas on ecological interactions. Virtually all the islands of the Abrolhos archipelago have sea bird nesting and breeding areas, and populations of some species of …

Water Current, Volume 33, No. 1. February 2001.

Water Current Newsletter

• Researchers Pool Talents To Protect Nebraska’s Premier Trout Fishing Locale by Steve Ress

• From the Director

• Meet the Faculty

• LB699 As A Sales Tax For Natural Resources Programs by Dean E. Edson

• 30th Annual Water Conference Will be Groundwater Quality Monitoring Workshop

• Water News Briefs

Utah State University Extension Addressing Energy Issues, Dennis Hinkamp

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

Energy Efficiency Can Help You Get A Home, Dennis Hinkamp

All Current Publications

It is a little known and seldom used financing tool, but Energy Efficient Mortgages (EEMs) can increase your buying power when looking for a home.

An Examination Of Discourse Concerned With Pcb Remediation In The Hudson River, Jennifer M. Coffey

Theses

Remediation of PCB contamination in the Hudson River is an issue hotly contested within local communities, the media, and between government agencies and corporate entities. In recent years, the EPA has decided to revisit their 1984 no-action decision for the Hudson River and in December 2000, issued a Feasibility Study recommending partial dredging of the 200 miles of the Hudson floor deemed a Superfund site. The EPA's reevaluation of their 1984 decision has spurred an enormous amount of literature from corporate, non-profit volunteer, and government agencies.

The rhetorical theory of social constructionism and the ethical theory of environmental pragmatism are …

Monitoring Changes In Feral Swine Abundance And Spatial Distribution, Richard M. Engeman, Bernice Constantin, Mark Nelson, John Woolard, Jean Bourassa

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Swine (Sus scrofa) have been introduced in many places throughout the world, and in many places they adversely affect the environment, economically impact agriculture, and/or harbor diseases transmittable to domestic livestock or humans. An easily applied method to assess their abundance is an important need for their management. To monitor efficacy of a swine control program in Florida, data from passive tracking plots provide an index of feral swine abundance. The same track data coupled with plot locations to numerically describe the spatial pattern of swine activity gave an index of pervasiveness, and a simple rate of interception …

A Review Of The Hazards And Mitigation For Airstrikes From Canada Geese In The Anchorage, Alaska Bowl, Darryl L. York, Richard M. Engeman, John L. Cummings, Corey L. Rossi, David R. Sinnett

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Bird strikes to aircraft are a globally pervasive safety and economic concern. In particular, the Anchorage, Alaska area holds substantial risk for destructive collisions between birds and aircraft. An international airport, a municipal airport, a seaplane base, and a U.S. Air Force base are situated throughout the area. Anchorage also has a burgeoning population of Canada geese (Branta canadensis parvipes), one of the species identified as posing the greatest airstrike hazards. A variety of methods are applied and a variety of research has been conducted to reduce the potential for airstrikes with geese around Anchorage.We review the nature …