Digital Commons Network^™

Image Recognition Systems With Permutative Coding, Ernst M. Kussul, Donald C. Wunsch, Tatiana N. Baidyk

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A feature extractor and neural classifier for image recognition system are proposed. They are based on the permutative coding technique which continues our investigations on neural networks. It permits us to obtain sufficiently general description of the image to be recognized. Different types of images were used to test the proposed image recognition system. It was tested on the handwritten digit recognition problem, the face recognition problem and the shape of microobjects recognition problem. The results of testing are very promising. The error rate for the MNIST database is 0.44% and for the ORL database is 0.1%.

Engineered Struvite Precipitation: Impacts Of Component-Ion Molar Ratios And Ph, Jun Wang, Joel Gerard Burken, Xiaoqi Zhang, Rao Y. Surampalli

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Struvite precipitation has the potential for removing and recovering phosphorus from agricultural wastewater streams, such as concentrated animal feeding operations wastewater. However, impacts of anticipated component-ion molar ratios and potentially interfering ions are unknown as are the compounding pH relationship with respect to all potential complexes. This research experimentally investigates and mathematically models these factors. Emphasis is placed upon the composition of formed deposits and model validation with experimental data. Results show that calcium is a major interfering ion affecting the deposit composition, decreasing struvite purity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy + energy dispersive spectrometry were used to …

Block Phase Correlation-Based Automatic Drift Compensation For Atomic Force Microscopes, Qinmin Yang, Eric W. Bohannan, Jagannathan Sarangapani

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Automatic nanomanipulation and nanofabrication with an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a precursor for nanomanufacturing. In ambient conditions without stringent environmental controls, nanomanipulation tasks require extensive human intervention to compensate for the many spatial uncertainties of the AFM. Among these uncertainties, thermal drift is especially hard to solve because it tends to increase with time and cannot be compensated simultaneously by feedback. In this paper, an automatic compensation scheme is introduced to measure and estimate drift. This information can be subsequently utilized to compensate for the thermal drift so that a real-time controller for nanomanipulation can be designed as if …

Functional Nanoparticles In Thin Films As Sensing Media, Elena A. Guliants, Ryan Schwarb, Hope Bearbower, James R. Gord, Christopher E. Bunker

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The combination of unique properties offered by materials on the nanoscale with the increased role of surface chemistry in nanostructured solids makes core-shell nanoparticles extremely attractive for application to "smart" thin-film coatings. Sensing properties of nanoparticle-based thin films were studied in several systems containing organic-coated semiconductor and metallic particles. In semiconductors, the interaction of organic shell and/or thin-film "matrix" with the environment results in changes in the nanoparticle's surface states, altering the optical properties of the thin film. Measuring the electrical properties of thin films composed of metallic cores with hydrocarbon shells offers another mechanism to monitor the local environment …

Selective Field Effects On Intracellular Vacuoles And Vesicle Membranes With Nanosecond Electric Pulses, Ephrem Tekle, Hammou Oubrahim, Sergey M. Dzekunov, Juergen F. Kolb, Karl H. Schoenbach

Bioelectrics Publications

Electric pulses across intact vesicles and cells can lead to transient increase in permeability of their membranes. We studied the integrity of these membranes in response to external electric pulses of high amplitude and submicrosecond duration with a primary aim of achieving selective permeabilization. These effects were examined in two separate model systems comprising of 1), a mixed population of 1,2-di-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine phospholipid vesicles and in 2), single COS-7 cells, in which large endosomal membrane vacuoles were induced by stimulated endocytosis. It has been shown that large and rapidly varying external electric fields, with pulses shorter than the charging time of …

Simulations Of Nanopore Formation And Phosphatidylserine Externalization In Lipid Membranes Subjected To A High-Intensity, Ultrashort Electric Pulse, Q. Hu, R. P. Joshi, K. H. Schoenbach

Bioelectrics Publications

A combined MD simulator and time dependent Laplace solver are used to analyze the electrically driven phosphatidylserine externalization process in cells. Time dependent details of nanopore formation at cell membranes in response to a high-intensity (100kV∕cm), ultrashort (10ns) electric pulse are also probed. Our results show that nanosized pores could typically be formed within about 5ns. These predictions are in very good agreement with recent experimental data. It is also demonstrated that defect formation and PS externalization in membranes should begin on the anode side. Finally, the simulations confirm that PS externalization is a nanopore facilitated event, rather than the …

Electrodeposition Of Auco Alloys And Multilayers, Maoshi Guan

LSU Master's Theses

Electrodeposited AuCo and Au/Co multilayers are of interest as potential materials for MEMS components. AuCo alloys have been fabricated by the electrodeposition technique, but from cyanide-containing electrolyte. In this study, we explored the electrodeposition of AuCo and Au/Co multilayer thin films, and nanowires, from a non-cyanide electrolyte. Two variables were considered: the concentration of citric acid and pH. The changes in composition were described by the differences in the partial current densities. The effect of pH and citric acid concentration on the deposit composition and current efficiency was investigated. Results showed that a lower citric acid concentration was favored for …

Ridding Ships' Ballast Water Of Microorganisms, Fred C. Dobbs, Andrew Rogerson

OES Faculty Publications

( First paragraph) A complex assemblage of microorganisms exists in nearly every aquatic system on earth. In lakes and oceans, every milliliter of water contains about 10² protists (single-celled eukaryotes), 10⁶ bacteria, and 10⁷–10⁹ viruses. Therefore, billions of microorganisms inevitably enter ships’ ballast tanks during normal operations. It has been argued that microorganisms must certainly be frequent invaders of coastal ecosystems, given the high densities of bacteria and viruses in ballast water—10⁸ and 10⁹ organisms per liter, respectively (1)—their potentially high reproductive rates, broad tolerances to physical conditions, and ability to form resting …

Wright State University College Of Engineering And Computer Science Bits And Pcs Newsletter, Volume 21, Number 4, January 2005, College Of Engineering And Computer Science, Wright State University

BITs and PCs Newsletter

An eight page newsletter created by the Wright State University College of Engineering and Computer Science that addresses the current affairs of the college.

Spatial Bioaccumulation Modeling In A Network Of Bayous, Ronaldo Luna, Karen H. Watanabe, Andrew J. Wilding

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A software system, Spatial Network Bioaccumulation Model (SNBM), was developed to model the bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic food webs. The SNBM uses a geographic information system as an engine to: (i) store the spatial representation of input parameters (the data related to the ecosystem), (ii) transfer input and output data to and from the food-web bioaccumulation model, and (iii) display the predicted food-web organism concentrations over a base map of the field site. The bioaccumulation model is a time-dependent, set of first-order ordinary differential equations that are solved numerically. Many sampling locations can be analyzed using …

Tractor Test 1865: Massey Ferguson 481 Diesel, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Laser Induced Fluorescence Photobleaching Anemometer For Microfluidic Devices, Guiren Wang

Faculty Publications

We have developed a novel, non-intrusive fluid velocity measurement method based on photobleaching of a fluorescent dye for microfluidic devices. The residence time of thefluorescent dye in a laser beam depends on the flow velocity and approximately corresponds to the decaying time of the photobleaching of the dye in the laser beam. The residence time is inversely proportional to the flow velocity. The fluorescence intensity increases with the flow velocity due to the decrease of the residence time. A calibration curve between fluorescence intensity and known flow velocity should be obtained first. The calibration relationship is then used to calculate …

Nebraska Summary: S495 Case-Ih Mxu125, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Nebraska Summary: S494 Case-Ih Mxu110, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Nebraska Summary: S550 Challenger Mt565b, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Nebraska Summary: S519 Challenger Mt565b, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Nebraska Summary: S518 Challenger Mt555b, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Nebraska Summary 545: Massey Ferguson 8450 Diesel Dyna-Step Transmission, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA

The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data.

EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES

Purpose

The purpose of …

Nebraska Summary 499: New Holland Ts125a Diesel 24-Speed, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA

The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data.

EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES

Purpose

The purpose of …

A Warped Bandwidth Expansion Filter, Marc A. Boillot, John G. Harris

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A warped filter is presented as a new speech enhancement method to adjust formant bandwidths on a critical band scale. The warped filter enhances perceived loudness without adding signal energy by exploiting the psychoacoustic nature of the auditory system. The critical band concept in auditory theory states that when the energy in a signal remains constant, loudness increases when the energy spreads beyond a critical bandwidth. A warped filter is proposed and developed to elevate the perceived loudness of clean speech by applying non-linear bandwidth expansion to the formant regions of vowels in accordance with the critical band scale. The …

Fast Algorithms For Layered Media, Weng Cho Chew, Bin Hu, Y. C. Pan, Lijun Jiang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper gives an overview of computational electromagnetics for simulating complex structures with a large number of unknowns using integral equation method. First, it discusses the pros and cons of differential equation solvers versus integral equation solvers. Then it gives an overview of different fast algorithms for solving integral equations. It also discusses the difficulty of solving electromagnetic problems in the "twilight zone" between static and full-wave electromagnetics. Finally, it discusses various methods for fast solutions of scattering and coupling problems involving layered media both for statics and dynamic problems, and presents some numerical results. © 2005 Académie des sciences. …

Fuzzy Pso: A Generalization Of Particle Swarm Optimization, S. Abdelshahid, Donald C. Wunsch, Ashraf M. Abdelbar

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In standard particle swarm optimization (PSO), the best particle in each neighborhood exerts its influence over other particles in the neighborhood. In this paper, we propose fuzzy PSO, a generalization which differs from standard PSO in the following respect: charisma is defined to be a fuzzy variable, and more than one particle in each neighborhood can have a non-zero degree of charisma, and, consequently, is allowed to influence others to a degree that depends on its charisma. We evaluate our model on the weighted maximum satisfiability (maxsat) problem, comparing performance to standard PSO and to Walk-Sat.

Reactive Power And Voltage Control Of The Nigerian Grid System Using Micro-Genetic Algorithm, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, G. A. Bakare, U. O. Aliyu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, a micro-genetic based approach to the optimization of reactive power and voltage profiles improvement and real power loss minimization is presented. The reactive power control devices such as generators, tap positions of on-load tap changer of transformers, shunt reactors are used to correct voltage limits violations while simultaneously reducing the system real power losses. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are well-known global search techniques anchored on the mechanisms of natural selection and genetics. Because of the time intensive nature of the conventional GA, the micro-GA is proposed as a more time efficient alternative. The feasibility and effectiveness of the …

Research Experiences For Teachers In Materials Science: A Case Study, Michelle A. Strand, Steve Wignall, Diandra Leslie-Pelecky

Materials Research Science and Engineering Center: Faculty Publications

The National Science Education Standards encourage teachers to become involved in research as ‘representatives of science in the classroom’. The Research Experiences for Teachers program affiliated with the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at the University of Nebraska involves teachers in research on nanoscale magnetic and electronic structures over a summer. Two teachers and a sponsoring researcher share their experiences and what they believe are necessary elements for successful RET experiences.

Multiscale Phenomena In Bruggeman Composites, Ralph Skomski, Jiangyu Li, Jian Zhou, David J. Sellmyer

Materials Research Science and Engineering Center: Faculty Publications

Mechanical, magnetic, and transport properties of arbitrary inhomogeneous composites are investigated by a Bruggeman-type mean-field approach. The theory yields materials parameters as functions of the volume fractions, geometries, and materials constants of the phases. Each system is described by a single response parameter g, which is equal to the percolation threshold of the composite. For macroscopic systems, the approach yields very simple expressions, but nanoscale and multiferroic effects yield relatively complicated corrections to g. In the respective cases, the parameter g depends on the length scale of the composite and has the character of a combination of magnetic, electric, and …

Implications Of Invasion By Juniperus Virginiana On Small Mammals In The Southern Great Plains, Valerie J. Horncastle, Eric C. Hellgren, Paul M. Mayer, Amy C. Ganguli, David M. Engle, David M. Leslie, Jr.

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Changes in landscape cover in the Great Plains are resulting from the range expansion and invasion of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana). By altering the landscape and local vegetation, red cedar is changing the structure and function of habitat for small mammals. We examined effects of invasion by eastern red cedar on small mammals in 3 plant communities (tallgrass prairie, old field, and cross-timbers forest) in the cross-timbers ecoregion in Oklahoma. We sampled small mammals seasonally from May 2001 to August 2002 by using Sherman live traps and mark–recapture techniques on 3.24-ha, 450-trap grids in each plant community. …

Radius Of Gyration Of Polystyrene Combs And Centipedes In A Θ Solvent, Ken Terao, Brandon S. Farmer, Yo Nakamura, Hermis Iatrou, Kunlun Hong, Jimmy W. Mays

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The molecular weight dependence of the radii of gyration R_g in a Θ solvent (trans-decalin) of one regular branched comb and three regular centipede polystyrenes was studied using a gel permeation chromatography system equipped with a two-angle light scattering detector and a refractive index detector. R_g in trans-decalin for each sample of particular molecular weight was about 25% smaller than that in a good solvent (tetrahydrofuran, THF). On the other hand, they are 20-40% larger than the theoretical values from the Gaussian chain model. This difference can be explained with the worm-like comb model developed by Nakamura et …

Kinetic Desorption And Sorption Of U(Vi) During Reactive Transport In A Contaminated Hanford Sediment, Nikolla P. Qafoku, John M. Zachara, Chongxuan Liu, Paul Gassman, Odeta Qafoku, Steve Smith

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Column experiments were conducted to investigate U(VI) desorption and sorption kinetics in a sand-textured, U(VI)- contaminated (22.7 µmol kg^-1) capillary fringe sediment from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford site. Saturated column experiments were performed under mildly alkaline conditions representative of the Hanford site where uranyl-carbonate and calcium-uranyl-carbonate complexes dominate aqueous speciation. A U(VI)-free solution was used to study contaminant U(VI) desorption in columns where different flow rates were applied. Sorbed, contaminant U(VI) was partially labile (11.8%), and extended leaching times and water volumes were required for complete desorption of the labile fraction. Uranium- (VI) sorption was …

Cryogenic Laser Induced U(Vi) Fluorescence Studies Of A U(Vi) Substituted Natural Calcite: Implications To U(Vi) Speciation In Contaminated Hanford Sediments, Zheming Wang, John M. Zachara, James Mckinley, Steven Smith

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) and imaging spectromicroscopy (TRLFISM) were used to examine the chemical speciation of uranyl in contaminated subsurface sediments from the U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) Hanford Site, Washington. Spectroscopic measurements for contaminant U(VI) were compared to those from a natural, uranyl-bearing calcite (NUC) that had been found via X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to include uranyl in the same coordination environment as calcium. Spectral deconvolution of TRLFS measurements on the NUC revealed the unexpected presence of two distinct chemical environments consistent with published spectra of U(VI)-substituted synthetic calcite and aragonite. Apparently, some U(VI) substitution sites in …

Perchlorate: Sources, Uses, And Occurrences In The Environment, Clayton W. Trumpolt, Michael Crain, Geoffrey D. Cullison, Susan J. P. Flanagan, Lenny Siegel, Stephen Lathrop

United States Navy: Publications

Perchlorate contamination of groundwater and soil continues to be a hot topic in many sectors, including industry, the federal Departments of Defense and Energy, regulators, and the general public. This article presents information on what is currently known regarding perchlorate uses, known and suspected naturally occurring versus anthropogenic perchlorate sources, and past and present manufacturing locations. It provides the reader with a baseline as well as background information to facilitate an understanding of perchlorate in the environment for the ultimate purpose of remediation. The article is based on research conducted by the Interstate Technology Regulatory Council for a forthcoming, more …