Digital Commons Network^™

Computer Simulation Of Cerebrovascular Circulation : Assessment Of Intracranial Hemodynamics During Induction Of Anesthesia, Steven D. Wolk

Theses

The purpose of this project was to develop a computer model of cerebrovascular hemodynamics interacting with a pharmacokinetic drug model to examine the effects of various stimuli during anesthesia on cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure.

The mathematical model of intracranial hemodynamics is a seven compartment constant volume system. A series of resistances relate blood and cerebrospinal fluid fluxes to pressure gradients between compartments. Arterial, venous, and tissue compliance are also included. Autoregulation is modeled by transmural pressure dependent arterial-arteriolar resistance. The effect of a drug (thiopental) on cerebrovascular circulation was simulated by a variable arteriolar-capillary resistance. Thiopental concentration, in …

Relative Dentifrice Abrasivity On Dentin And Enamel, Laura Marchetti

Theses

The abrasive characteristics of six (6) brands of toothpastes on Enamel and Dentin material were assessed. Human teeth were sliced to expose the dentin surface and then polished using 3 μm and 0.25 μm diamond paste. The outside surface of the tooth (after slicing) was used "as is" for the enamel surface testing. The surface smoothness was evaluated prior to testing using a surface profiler and averaging four (4) to five (5) readings across the surface for each sample.

The tooth slices were then embedded into the acrylic plate surface by routing out an area with a dental drill and …

Local Delivery Of Interleukin 4 By Retrovirus-Transduced T Lymphocytes Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis., Michael K. Shaw, James B. Lorens, Archana Dhawan, Richard Dalcanto, Harley Y. Tse, Alyssa B. Tran, Colleen Bonpane, Shanti L. Eswaran, Stefan Brocke, Nora Sarvetnick, Lawrence Steinman, Garry P. Nolan, C. Garrison Fathman

Journal Articles: Regenerative Medicine

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system which serves as a model for the human disease multiple sclerosis. We demonstrate here that encephalitogenic T cells, transduced with a retroviral gene, construct to express interleukin 4, and can delay the onset and reduce the severity of EAE when adoptively transferred to myelin basic protein-immunized mice. Thus, T lymphocytes transduced with retroviral vectors can deliver "regulatory cytokines" in a site-specific manner and may represent a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of autoimmune disease.

Evaluating The Feasibility Of An Intermodal Transportation Facility In Chattanooga, Murugan Auruvankulam-Palani

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This research develops a mathematical model based on linear programming techniques to evaluate the feasibility of developing an intermodal transportation facility in Chattanooga. Transportation resources in and around Chattanooga were studied, and the opportunities available for developing business by a transportation facility are analyzed. Large quantities of goods are shipped in and out of Chattanooga by trucks in either trailers or containers. In order to transfer goods in container or trailer from one mode of transportation to another, specific handling equipment is needed. Mobile cranes present in some transportation terminals in Chattanooga can transfer goods in small units only, but …

Uptake And Metabolism Of Atrazine By Poplar Trees, Joel Gerard Burken, Jerald L. Schnoor

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Hybrid Poplar Trees Can Uptake, Hydrolyze, and Dealkylate Atrazine to Less Toxic Metabolites. in Whole Plant Studies, the Parent Compound Atrazine and 14C Ring-Labeled Metabolites Were Extracted from Poplar Tissues and Analyzed Via High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV and Radiochromatographic Detectors in Series. the Concurrent Separation and Identification of These Metabolites Has Not Been Previously Reported in Higher Plants for Phytoremediation Applications. Unidentified Metabolites Were Also Detected. Metabolism of Atrazine Occurred in Poplar Roots, Stems, and Leaves and Became More Complete with Increased Residence Time in Tissues. in Poplar Cuttings Exposed to Atrazine for 50 Days, the Parent Compound …

The Synthesis, Characterization, And Cell Seeding Of A Collagen/Hydroxyapatite Porous Scaffold For Treatment Of Osseous Defects, Kim Rachel Patterson

All Theses

The need for finding a bone graft substitute stems from the fact that approximately 200,000 bone grafting procedures are performed annually in the U.S. alone. Although biological grafting options (i.e. autografts & allografts) exist, they do suffer from inherent problems. These include limited resources, costly processing, and potential for pathogen transfer. Thus, investigators have sought synthetic alternatives.

The objective of this research was to utilize hydroxyapatite (HA) and collagen, both analogues to the major constituents of bone, to fabricate an optimal synthetic osteoconductive/osteoinductive bone scaffold. Current attempts by other investigators to combine the two materials have been met with some …

Tnt-Contaminated Soils Remediation For Volunteer Army Ammunitions Plant, Janice Tevonia Russell Horn

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Many facilities involved in the production of munitions, or with a history of munitions production or storage, are faced with the remediation of residual explosives in soil, groundwater and process wastewater. This requirement has become particularly prevalent with the closing of many military installations across the country. The Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant (V AAP) is a 6,681 acre Government owned and contractor-operated facility for the production and storage of trinitrotoluene (TNT). Two (2) technologies were investigated for TNT (nitroaromatic explosive) contaminated soils remediation. The technologies are phytoremediation and thermal incineration. Phytoremediation is an in-site wetlands-type remediation which uses plants. Thermal …

Monoclonal Antibody Assay And Kit For Detecting Metal Cations In Body Fluids (Continuation), Randall R. Carlson, Jay S. Stout, Dwane E. Wylie, Fred W. Wagner, Malcolm Riddell

Biological Process Development Facility: Staff Publications

The invention provides method and kits for detecting a metallic cation in a sample of a body fluid. The preferred method and kits include the use of at least two different types of antibodies having different specificities. In the preferred method, the sample of body fluid can be contacted with an effective amount of a capture antibody specific for a naturally occurring polypeptide that can bind the metallic cation to form a first antigen-antibody complex. An effective amount of an antibody specific for an epitope on a metallic cation-naturally occurring polypeptide complex or an antibody specific for a metallic cation …

Glycerolysis Of Fats And Methyl Esters., Hossein Noureddini, V Medikonduru

Papers in Biomaterials

The glycerolysis of methyl esters and triglycerides with crude glycerol. a coproduct from the transesterification of triglycerides, was studied. Three procedures were followed ior this conversion. The first procedure was a one-step glycerolysis with methyl esters. The second procedure was a two-step process. This proced~~irnev olved an initial partial glycerolysis with methyl esters, followed by fat glycerolysis. The third procedure u,as a simultaneous glycerolysis n,ith methyl esters and triglycerides. In the glycerolysis with methyl esters, the removal of methanol is vital to the production of mono- and diglycerides. Methanol was removed either by drawing vacuum on the reactor or by …

Modeling Driver's Route Choice Behavior Under The Influence Of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (Vol. 2; Vol. 1: 96/10), Samer Madanat, Nitin K. Jain

JTRP Technical Reports

This research consisted of two parts; this report is volume 2 of 2 volumes; Volume 1 is Report No. FHWA/IN/JHRP-96/10. The first part developed a set of incident clearance time prediction models for the Borman Expressway. The second part consisted of modeling driver’s route choice behavior under the influence of advanced traveler information systems.

Volume 2 of this report describes the modeling driver's route choice behavior under the iinfluence of Advanced Traveler Information Systems. These models can help in understanding the behavior and response of travelers under the influeince of Advanced Traveler Information Systmes.r

The products of this research project …

Kinetics Of Transesterification Of Soybean Oil, Hossein Noureddini, D Zhu

Papers in Biomaterials

Transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was investigated. Three stepwise and reversible reacttons are believed to occur. The effect of variations in mixing intensity (Reynolds number = 3,100 to 12,400) and temperature (30 to 70'CJ on the rate oireaction were studied while the molar ratio of alcohol to triglycerol (6:l) and the concentration of catalyst (0.20 wt% based on soybean oil) were held constant. The variations in mixing intensity appear to effect the reaction parallel to the variations in temperature. A reaction mechanism consisting of an initial mass transfer-controlled region followed by a kinetically controlled region is proposed. The experimental …

Residual Strength Of Equine Bone Is Not Reduced By Intense Fatigue Loading: Implications For Stress Fracture, R. B. Martin, V. A. Gibson, S. M. Stover, J. C. Gibeling, L. V. Griffin

Biomedical Engineering

Fatigue or stress fractures are an important clinical problem in humans as well as racehorses. An important question in this context is, when a bone experiences. fa!igue damage ~uring e~treme use, how much is it weakened compared to its original state? Since there are very ltmtted data on thts quesuon and stress fractures are common in racehorses, we sought to determine the effect of fatigue loading on the monotonic l:trength of equine cortical bone. Beams were machined from the dorsal, medial and lateral cortices of the third metacarpal bones of six thoroughbred racehorses. Beams from left and right bones were …

Ifn-Gamma, Igif, And Iddm., Nora Sarvetnick

Journal Articles: Regenerative Medicine

No abstract provided.

The Fate And Disposition Of Metolachlor And 2, 4-D Under Irrigated Corn And Turf, Ghassan R. Musharrafieh, Richard C. Peralta, Robert W. Hill, Howard M. Deer

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

A field lysimeter experiment was conducted during the summers of 1993 and 1994, at the River Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. The intent was to study the fate and disposition of metolachlor and 2,4-D in a one dimensional soil system. Metolachlor was applied to corn and 2,4-D was applied to turf. The mobility, persistence, and degradation of these herbicides were investigated in the field lysimeters using four irrigation treatment levels on corn and two irrigation levels on turf. The four irrigation levels applied to corn were 0, 30, 60, and 120 percent of potential evapotranspiration. The two irrigation levels …

Counterpulsation Cardiac Assist Device Controller Defection Filter Simulation And Canine Experiments, Carl Edward Werner

Dissertations

Electronic control systems for counterpulsation Cardiac Assist Devices (CADs) are an essential part of cardiac assistance. Synchronization of the counterpulsation CAD controller with the cardiac cycle is critical to the efficacy of the CAD. The robustness of counterpulsation CAD controllers varies with the ability of the CAD controller to properly trigger on aortic pressure (Pa) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals for sinusoid rhythms, non-sinusoid rhythms and non-ideal signals resulting from surgical intervention. An analog-to-digital converter and digital-to-analog converter based CAD controller development platform was devised on a 33Mhz PC-AT.

Counterpulsation Pa systolic rise and dicrotic notch detectors were demonstrated with a …

Design Of A Mode Of Delivery For Macrobead Transplantation, Jagdip Desai

Theses

The macrobead is a form of a biohybrid artificial pancreas (BAP), which is being developed to treat type 1 diabetes. A hypothetical human transplant would require 125 rat equivalent macrobeads. For intraperitoneal transplantation a mode of delivery that allows the placement of several hundred macrobeads into a basket or pouch type device is required.

In this study, four commercially available materials were studied as possible candidates for creating a pouch. These materials are polyvinyl chloride acrylic copolymer (PVC), polyethersulfone (PES), polyvinylidenedifluoride (PVDF), and polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE). Tubular pouches of each material were designed. They then underwent in vivo biocompatibility and in-vitro …

A Methodology For The Design Of An Integrated Air Stripping/Biofiltration Process To Clean Contaminated Aquifers, Pothitos Ioannis Stamatiadis

Theses

This thesis deals with the conceptual design of an integrated air stripping/biofiltration process for cleaning aquifers contaminated with volatile organic pollutants. In this technology, the pollutant is transferred from the aquifer to an air stream which is subsequently treated in a biofilter. The work presented here is an effort to develop a design methodology for the integrated process and suggests a general, quantitative approach which can be used in preliminary technology evaluation. This methodology involves relatively simple equations for the stripping process and detailed (oftentimes complex) models for biofiltration under conditions of continuous variation of the properties of the polluted …

Complexity Theory And Systems Theory, Martin Zwick

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

I use the label, “complexity theory,” for the research program which studies nonlinear dynamics, “complexity,” “complex adaptive systems,” “artificial life,” etc., and whose intellectual Mecca in the United States is the Santa Fe Institute. I use the label, “systems theory,” for the research program which crystallized after World War II under the names of “general systems theory” and “cybernetics,” and which subsumed such postwar scientific developments as information theory, game theory, feedback control theory, and the beginnings of computer science and artificial intelligence. The central thesis of this paper is that complexity theory is a continuation and revitalization of systems …

The Decision To Reactivate A First-Generation Soviet Nuclear Power Plant: Conceptual And Decision-Analytic Frameworks, John M. Gleason

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Explores a variety of factors that led to reopening the Armenian Metsamor facility notwithstanding general agreement that this is unwarranted technologically.

Macrophage Response To Polymethylmethacrylate Particles, Stephen M. Horowtiz

Cells and Materials

This paper reviews studies performed by this laboratory involving the macrophage response to implant particles. Through the development of a tissue culture model, we have studied the events which occur following macrophage phagocytosis of bone cement particles, the released mediators and cell interactions which may ultimately lead to bone resorption, and the inhibition of this process with the use of pharmaceutical agents. This is divided into the following sections: Histologic response of macrophages to cement particles I toxicity I and mediator release, the effects of particle size and composition on mediator release by macrophages, macrophage I osteoblast interactions, macrophage I …

Biological Response To Particulate Debris: In Vitro And In Vivo Studies, A. S. Shanbhag, J. E. Dowd, J. J. Jacobs, D. M. Tramaglini, T. T. Glant, J. Black, H. E. Rubash

Cells and Materials

In this study, we compared the results of a human monocyte in vitro model and a canine in vivo model, to evaluate the response to different types of particulate wear debris. Both the in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that titanium-6 aluminum-4 vanadium (TiAIV), ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and other particulate wear debris are stimulatory to macrophages and elicit release of several identifiable mediators involved in periprosthetic inflammation and bone resorption. Further, in the in vivo studies, these same particles initiated the formation of interfacial membranes which were histologically and biochemically similar to those seen in clinically failed …

Sintered Carbonate Apatites As Bone Substitutes, Yutaka Doi

Cells and Materials

Sintering of carbonate apatites was investigated and the usefulness of sintered specimens as bone substitutes was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Osteoclasts appeared to be capable of resorbing sintered carbonate apatite, which was as soluble as deproteinated bone and much more soluble than sintered hydroxyapatite in weak acids. In skull defects of Wistar rats, sintered carbonate apatite particles resorbed to an appreciable extent, but the rate of resorption did not exceed that of new bone formation. At 4 weeks after implantation the defects were filled almost completely with new bone that compared favorably with the host bone. These …

Transmission Electron Microscopical Study Of Fibroblast Attachment To Microtextured Silicone Rubber Surfaces, E. T. Den Braber, J. E. De Ruijter, H. J. E. Croes, L. A. Ginsel, J. A. Jansen

Cells and Materials

Cellular attachment has been suggested to be highly influenced by the micromorphology of the substratum surface. To test this hypothesis, smooth and microtextured silicone substrata were produced, which possessed parallel surface grooves with a groove and ridge width of 2.0 (SilD02), 5.0 (SilD05), and 10 µm (SilD10). Groove depth was approximately 0.5 µm. After culture of rat dermal fibroblasts (RDFs) on these substrata for 3 and 5 days, the samples were prepared and sectioned for transmission electron microscopy with a specially developed preparation technique. On the SilD02 and SilD05 surfaces, it was found that the RDFs attached to …

Biofilms In Dental Unit Waterlines: Ultrastructural And Cytochemical Analysis, J. Barbeau, C. Avezard, E. Faucher, S. Zalzal, A. P. Prévost

Cells and Materials

Dental unit waterlines are heavily colonized by bacteria which contaminate the water used to perform intra-oral, and sometimes invasive, procedures. There is little information on the nature of the biofilm colonizing the flexible plastic tubing used to supply water to the different handpieces. We have therefore undertaken quantitative microbial analysis and ultrastructural studies of these biofilms by direct counting with the epifluorescent filter technique and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy after staining with ruthenium red and periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate to visualize the composition and the distribution of exopolysaccharides and intracellular polysaccharides. The biofilm was revealed as a non-uniform structure …

Osteoclast Differentiation In Cocultures Of Chondrogenic Cell Line Rcj 3.1c5.18 And Mouse Or Rat Bone Marrow: Dependence On Culture Substrate And Association With Alkaline Phosphatase Positive Marrow Stromal Cells, G. I. Anderson, J. N. M. Heersche

Cells and Materials

We investigated the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive (TRAP+) colonies and multinucleated cells (MNCs) in rat and mouse marrow cultures alone and cocultured with the chondrogenic cell line, RCJ3.1C5.18 on different substrata. In mouse marrow cultured in 35 mm dishes, few TRAP+ MNCs developed, while in rat marrow cultures, many TRAP+ MNCs, which possessed calcitonin receptors and resorbed bone, developed. In both rat and mouse cultures, TRAP+ MNC first appeared at Day 4 and grew in number up to Day 8. When both marrows were cocultured with RC3.1C5.18 cells, TRAP+ colony numbers increased relative to marrow alone. In marrow …

An Object-Based Evolutionary Algorithm For Solving Rectangular Piece Nesting Problems, Kanchitpol Ratanapan, Cihan H. Dagli

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Nesting problems have been tackled by researchers using a vast number of algorithms in the past. Most of the algorithms, however, need to perform on a one-dimensional space. Therefore, the problem must be transformed into a one-dimensional space problem similar to the travelling salesman problem. Consequently, loss of solutions due to the dimensional reduction may occur. In this study, an object-based evolutionary algorithm for rectangular piece nesting problems is proposed. This methodology is created on truly two-dimensional space, allowing new mechanisms (i.e., individual representation, initialization, etc.) and new object-based genetic operators (i.e., hill-climbing, mutation, and recombination operators) to perform effectively …

A Novel In Vitro Model To Study The Calcification Of Biomaterials, Q. Liu, J. Weng, J. G. C. Wolke, J. R. De Wijn, C. A. Van Blitterswijk

Cells and Materials

A novel in vitro model based on a solution mainly composed of sodium, calcium, chloride and phosphate ions, was developed to study the calcification of biomaterials at near physiological conditions. This model, due to its ability to quickly calcify the tested materials, is called Accelerated Calcification Solution (ACS). Polyactive ™ 30170, Polyactive™ 70/30 and its composites with nano-apatite were used as testing materials because of their known calcification behaviour. The results showed that Polyactive™ 70/30 and its composites could calcify in ACS in a relatively short period, while the polymer without filler failed to induce calcium phosphate precipitation in more …

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration And Functional Nerve Recovery After Reconstruction With A Thin-Walled Biodegradable Poly(Dl-Lactide-Ε-Caprolactone) Nerve Guide, M. F. Meek, W. F. A. Den Dunnen, H. L. Bartels, A. J. Pennings, P. H. Robinson, J. M. Schakenraad

Cells and Materials

The aim of this study was to evaluate functional nerve recovery after reconstruction of a 1 em gap in the sciatic nerve of the rat, with a thin-walled biodegradable poly(DLLA-ε-CL) nerve guide. To evaluate both motor and sensory nerve recovery, walking track analysis and electrostimulation tests were carried out after implantation periods ranging from 3 to 26 weeks post-operatively. The first signs of functional nerve recovery could already be observed after 5 weeks. From the histological analysis, it could be concluded that most of the thin-walled nerve guides had collapsed. Despite collapsing, functional nerve recovery was relatively good after 26 …

The Agricultural Health Study: Factors Affecting Completion And Return Of Self-Administered Questionnaires In A Large Prospective Cohort Study Of Pesticide Applicators, Robert Tarone, Michael Alavanja, Sheila Hoar Zahm, Jay Lubin, Dale Sandler, Suzanne Mcmaster, Nathaniel Rothman, Aaron Blair

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Response rates were examined in a prospective epidemiologic study of individuals, mostly farmers, from Iowa and North Carolina seeking a pesticide applicator license during the period from 1994 through 1996. In the first year of enrollment 16,535 farmers (representing 77% of eligible farmer applicators) enrolled in the study by completing a 17-page questionnaire administered at a pesticide training session; 47% of the enrolled farmers completed and returned a much longer take-home questionnaire. The characteristics of farmers who completed only the enrollment questionnaire were quite similar to those of farmers who also completed and returned the take-home questionnaire. The most notable …

An Investigation Of The Hydrodynamic Effects Of Enteromorpha Clathrata Fouling On Hydrofoils, Brian J. Collino

Master's Theses - Daytona Beach

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of biological fouling on hydrofoils. NACA 4412 and 4415 hydrofoil models with 6 inch chord and 8 inch span were used in this study. A water tunnel facility was designed and constructed to perform the tests, and the results were verified using computational fluid dynamic modeling. The CFD software package Fluent was used to create a two dimensional model of the water tunnel test section and hydrofoil. The model was meshed using a Laplacian grid smoothing technique that forced the structured grid lines to follow the same approximate contour as …