Digital Commons Network^™

Sprinter Start Block Training Aid, Kayla Lovejoy, Kevin Almontes

Biomedical Engineering

Currently, track and field sprinters ranging from beginner level to world-class have no practical tool that provides quantitative feedback of value on quality of start and quality of the three distinct phases of their sprint race, such that they can quantify the value of their adjustments. Our team will create a device that integrates with the sprint starting block to provide quantifiable data on the quality of a sprinter’s start. This Statement of Work describes drawbacks of current solutions, existing patents, customer requirements, engineering specifications, and our project plan.

Computational Model Of Coarctation Of The Aorta In Rabbits Suggests Persistent Ascending Aortic Remodeling Post-Correction, Ashley A. Hiebing, Matthew A. Culver, John F. Ladisa, Colleen M. Witzenburg

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a common congenital cardiovascular lesion that presents as a localized narrowing of the proximal descending aorta. While improvements in surgical and catheter-based techniques have increased short-term survival, there is a high long-term risk of hypertension and a reduced average lifespan despite correction. Computational models can be used to estimate aortic remodeling and peripheral vascular compensation, potentially serving as key tools in developing a mechanistic understanding of the interplay between pre-treatment dynamics, post-treatment recovery, and long-term hypertension risk. In this study, we developed a lumped-parameter model of the heart and circulation to simulate CoA. After …

Evaluating The Health Performance Of Mass Housing Projects In Egypt Lighting Design Of Dar Masr Project, New Damietta, Hala Mohamed Raslan, Huda El-Baz M.

Mansoura Engineering Journal

The Egyptian government has recently established many governmental mass housing projects to meet the housing needs nationwide. These projects are characterized by their unified repetitive design that rarely consider geographic, climatic and social variations from one site to another. The study objectives are to examine the health performance of mass housing projects; “Dar Misr” as an example. Dar Misr consists of 150,000 units distributed over 15 different cities, and is fully finished with unified electrical installations and preinstalled luminaires. The study examines the health performance of the project’s lighting design, both natural and electrical light, using the “WELLV2 rating system …

Flow Dynamics Of Agricultural Waste Nanofibers: Shear, Temperature, And Oscillatory Insights, Bilge N. Altay, Burak Aksoy, James Atkinson, Christopher Lewis, Carlos Diaz-Acosta, Raymond Francis

Articles

The rheology and fiber size of corn stover (CS) and cleaned cotton gin trash (CGT) cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were studied including behaviors at both moderate and extremely high shear rates, to simulate industrial processes ranging from mixing and pumping to high-speed coating, printing, and extrusion. Particle size analyzer showed that 99% of CS fibers measured around 226 nm, while 85% of CGT fibers were approximately 143 nm. Both CS and CGT CNFs formed gel-like suspensions, and shear flow tests revealed that all samples exhibited shear-thinning behavior, allowing easy flow under shear forces. Gels with higher solid content (1%) demonstrated extended …

Numerical Simulation Of Airflow Properties Of The Naca 6420 Airfoil Using The Transition Rans K-Ε Model, Oluwaseyi O. Alabi, Saidat A. Salisu, Oyeyemi T. Aforolagba -Balogun, Temitope A. Ladigbolu, Ayotunde O. Fasina, Anas Bala

Al-Bahir

This study investigates the airflow properties around the airfoil using numerical simulation, addressing the longstanding challenge of accurately predicting transition phenomena in turbulent flows. The importance of this research lies in its potential to improve the design and performance of airfoils in various engineering applications, such as wind turbines, and aircraft. A custom 2-dimensional airfoil model was created using Airfoil instruments, featuring a 6% maximum curvature, 40% curvature position, and 20% thickness. COMSOL Multiphysics software performed computations at a velocity of over 19 hours, with data analyzed at 60-minute intervals. The Transition turbulent model was employed to simulate the airflow …

Facial Swap Detection Based On Deep Learning: Comprehensive Analysis And Evaluation, Israa Mishkhal, Nibras Abdullah, Hassan H. Saleh, Nur Intan Raihana Ruhaiyem, Fadratul Hafinaz Hassan

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

In recent years, Advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL), have made great strides in the creation of highly realistic deepfakes, which manipulate facial forensics to generate convincing fake faces or expressions. These manipulations pose significant threats to individual privacy and the integrity of legal, political, and social institutions. In fact, several existing studies have recently pursued the development of machine learning techniques for detecting deepfake content, with the overarching aim of protecting the victim's privacy or curbing the rise of picture fabrication. Despite extensive research on DL-based deepfake detection systems, challenges such as detecting facial swaps under …

“Feels Good Man”: How One Amphibian Became A Weapon Of Mass Disinformation, Samuel Stiller

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

This paper investigates the “Pepe the Frog” meme to explore the significance of memes as a medium of disinformation with particular emphasis on how the psychology of anonymity affects how disinformation is disseminated.

Recent Developments In Heterologous Expression Of Cellulases Using The Pichia Pastoris Expression System: A Comprehensive Literature Review, Nazish Muzaffar, Abdur Raziq, Muhammad Waseem Khan, Niaz Muhammad Khan, Bushra Shahid, Anbareen Gul, Hayat Ullah

Biological Engineering Student Research

Cellulosic biomass is considered an important and sustainable source of renewable energy, which needs a complex mixture of different enzymes for its degradation. After amylase, cellulases are the second most important enzymes, gain more importance due to their broad range of applications at the industrial level, and are considered more economical and environmentally friendly; researchers have focused more on the production of cellulase with its higher expression rate and low cost. Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast strain, has a more effective and well-established system for the production of heterologous proteins, particularly for industrial enzymes. Moreover, its readily achievable high-density …

Experimental Investigation And Operating Characteristics Of Lhr Engine Using Bio-Fuel Blends With Additives, Suresh R

Theses and Dissertations

The huge energy demand and environmental anxiety are the reasons for the focus on the interest in alternative fuels for diesel engines. This has resulted in a worldwide search for renewable, less pollutant and agricultural-based alternate fuels. Also, attention is given to increasing the efficiency of a conventional diesel engine when operating on alternative fuels. The bio-fuel derived from non-edible oil such as Pongamia oil and Neem seed oil are suggested alternative fuels for this LHR engine.

Diesel engine combustion components viz., the piston crown and liner were coated with Aluminium Titanate thermal barrier coating material. The objective of this …

Hemodynamics Of Slip Surfaces For Thrombosis Control In Implanted Cardiovascular Devices, Kieun Choi, Weiguang Yang, On Shun Pak, Jongmin Seo

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Percutaneous medical devices are preferred for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases due to their minimal intervention compared to surgery. However, complications such as thrombosis remain significant challenges. This study aims to investigate the hemodynamic effects of slip surfaces on pacemaker leads and coronary stents using computational fluid dynamics under physiological conditions. Two computational models were developed: a venous anatomical model with a pacemaker lead and a coronary artery model with a stent. Slip boundary conditions were applied to these devices, and we quantitatively analyzed critical hemodynamic parameters, including wall shear stress (WSS) and residence time (RT), which are associated with …

Generating Real-Time Synthetic Datasets To Improve Aerial Object Detection, Garrett Williams

Theses and Dissertations

The widespread use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) across civilian and military applications has necessitated the advancement of real-time drone detection and tracking capabilities. Machine Learning (ML) addresses these requirements, however, to train a robust and generalizable model requires large and diverse video datasets. Curating these real-world datasets is often time-consuming and cost-prohibitive. Here, we present DyViR, a real-time customizable rendering application capable of automatically generating highly realistic synthetic, multi-modal video of aerial objects, digital environments, and automatic generation and labeling of bounding boxes. Synthetic data, coupled with real-world training sets, augment the ML training process, leading to increased performance …

A Review On Exploring Artificial Intelligence Applications, Advancements, Issues, And Future Challenges, Sajid Naeem, Novman Nabeel, Waseem Beg, Shujaat Ali, Rajiv N. Kanojiya, Satish S. Mandawade, Chetan R. Yewale, Sc Kulkarni, Vt Salunke, Av Patil

Polytechnic Journal

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a transformative technology with diverse applications that is transforming several industries. AI is the use of systems and technology to replicate human intelligence and solve common real-world issues. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning are AI technologies that use algorithms to more accurately predict occurrences without the need for human intervention. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) refers to AI that can explain decisions or forecasts to human users. XAI seeks to improve AI systems' transparency, trustworthiness, and accountability, particularly when utilized in high-risk applications such as healthcare, finance, or security. This review article provides a thorough overview …

Nh Stormwater Manual 2025, Unh Stormwater Center, Comprehensive Environmental Inc., Nh Department Of Environmental Services

UNH Stormwater Center

No abstract provided.

Phosphorus Recovery From Synthetic Stormwater Using Iron- And Slag-Amended Green Infrastructure Soils, Colin B. Wilson, Anthony J. Parolari, Brooke Mayer, Kaushik Venkiteshwaran

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The demand for phosphorus (P), fueled by the need for fertilizers to increase food production due to the ever-increasing population, is increasing P in the environment and diminishing global reserves of this nonrenewable resource. Stormwater runoff transports land-applied P into surrounding waterbodies. Green infrastructure (GI) soils are being engineered to target P removal from stormwater runoff. This research investigates the potential to recover P from engineered GI soils traditionally developed to remove P, contributing to the circular P economy by considering GI as a source of recoverable P. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the P removal performance of iron- …

Correlations Between Song Popularity And Their Audio Features Using Machine Learning, Rong Chen

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This project is an interactive visual project that explores the relationship between audio features and song popularity on Spotify using machine learning techniques. Through the collection of nearly half a million songs and implementation of seven different machine learning models, including Linear Regression, Random Forest, Decision Trees, and Gradient Boosting, I investigated how audio characteristics correlate with a song's popularity ranking. The project utilized MongoDB for data storage, Spotipy for API integration, and Streamlit with Plotly for visualization. This work provides insights into the practical challenges of large-scale music analysis and the relationship between technical audio characteristics and commercial success, …

Blast Tube Design: How Shape And Size Influence The Resultant Shock Wave, R. L. Bauer, C. E. Johnson

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Shock tubes and tunnels are often used in research settings as a way of producing high pressure shock waves in a smaller footprint or without the use of explosives. However, there is no standard geometric design across laboratories. Peak pressure is a significant parameter for characterizing a shock wave. However, different tube configurations could also affect parameters such as impulse and duration, yet no research has investigated how the scale of the tube affects the overall waveform shape. To understand the implications of shock tube design, tubes with a constant length to diameter ratio were evaluated to determine how tube …

Unlocking The Phosphorus Circularity Potential Of Corn Belt Watersheds With Biorefinery Phosphorus Recovery Incentives, Kenneth Ruffatto, Arghajeet Saha, Rebecca L. Muenich, Andrew J. Margenot, Roland D. Cusick

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

As global phosphorus (P) stores rapidly decline, P fed algal blooms continue to threaten critical freshwater resources across the globe. In the Midwestern United States (US), particularly the Corn Belt, biorefineries could play a key role in addressing this issue. By recovering P from the byproducts of ethanol production these facilities could reduce the P content of distillers grain feed, thereby reducing P excreted in manures. This process could potentially divert P away from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and toward renewable P (rP) fertilizer production utilizing the recovered P. To foster the inclusion of P recovery incentives in state …

Introduction To The Special Issue On Verification And Validation Of Source And Propagation Models For Underwater Sounda), Kathleen J. Vigness-Raposa, Klaus Lucke, Michael A. Ainslie, Michele B. Halvorsen, Christ A. F. De Jong, Stanley J. Labak, Martin Siderius

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This joint Special Issue of JASA and JASA Express Letters focuses on underwater sound source and propagation modelling, both of ambient sound as well as sources of relevance to possible effects of sound on aquatic life, and corresponding acoustical metrics. Combining information on the sound field with information on a dose-effect relationship enables estimation of the potential effects. The Special Issue presents a collection of eighteen articles on the following topics: (1) verification of source and propagation models, (2) validation of source and propagation models, and (3) bioacoustical metrics for assessment of the risk of environmental effects. This special issue …

Connecting Developed Pressure – Preload Relationship In Ex-Vivo Beating Heart With Cellular Sarcomere Length – Tension Relationship, Lei Fan, Vahid Ziaei-Rad, Jason Bazil, Lik Chuan Lee

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The heart’s developed pressure (DP) in Langendorff heart experiments increases with preload via the Frank-Starling mechanism up to a critical transition point at which DP starts to decrease with preload. A similar behavior is found at the cellular level, where the tension developed by skinned cardiac fibers or myocytes in isometric tension test increases with sarcomere length up to a transition point beyond which, the tension decreases. This cellular-level behavior is termed myofilament length dependent activation. While these two behaviors are similar, they occur at vastly different scales. Specifically, the DP – preload and sarcomere length – tension relationships occur, …

High Shear Stress Reduces Erg Causing Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition And Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Tsutomu Shinohara, Jan-Renier Moonen, Yoon Hong Chun, Yannick C. Lee-Yow, Kenichi Okamura, Jason M. Szafron, Jordan Kaplan, Aiqin Cao, Lingli Wang, Weiguang Yang

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Background: Computational modeling indicated that pathological high shear stress (HSS; 100 dyn/cm2) is generated in pulmonary arteries (PAs; 100-500 µm) in congenital heart defects causing PA hypertension (PAH) and in idiopathic PAH with occlusive vascular remodeling. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a feature of PAH. We hypothesize that HSS induces EndMT, contributing to the initiation and progression of PAH.

Methods: We used the Ibidi perfusion system to determine whether HSS applied to human PA endothelial cells (ECs) induces EndMT when compared with physiological laminar shear stress (15 dyn/cm2). The mechanism was investigated and targeted to prevent PAH in a mouse with …

Development Of A Basilar Membrane-Inspired Mechanical Spectrum Analyzer Using Metastructures For Enhanced Frequency Selectivity, Shantanu H. Chavan, Vijaya Venkata Narasimha Sriram Malladi

Michigan Tech Publications

This study introduces a mechanical spectrum analyzer (MSA) inspired by the tonotopic organization of the basilar membrane (BM), designed to achieve two critical features. First, it replicates the traveling-wave behavior of the BM, characterized by energy dissipation without reflections at the boundaries. Second, it enables the physical encoding of the wave energy into distinct spectral components. Moving beyond the conventional focus on metamaterial design, this research investigates wave propagation behavior and energy dissipation within metastructures, with particular attention to how individual unit cells absorb energy. To achieve these objectives, a metastructural design methodology is employed. Experimental characterization of metastructure samples …

Comparison Of Milling Cutting Forces In Synthetic And Biological Cancellous Bone, Matthew Christopher Hartwell

Masters Theses

In many orthopedic and dental interventions, the cutting and removal of bone is necessary. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that the tools used during these procedures are designed and tested with biological bone or a bone surrogate material that machines the same way as biological bone. To avoid the cost, hazard, and inconsistency of biological cadaveric bone or animal models, many biological engineering firms use bone surrogate material made of glass fiber filled epoxy and polyurethane foam. Although these materials may mimic the elongation of cortical and cancellous bone, respectively, the match of machinability of the bone is …

Novel Multi-Gait Strategy For Stable And Efficient Quadruped Robot Locomotion, Daoxun Zhang, Xieyuanli Chen, Zhengyu Zhong, Ming Xu, Zhiqiang Zheng, Huimin Lu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Inspired by the natural gait transition mechanism of quadruped animals, a multi-gait motion strategy is proposed to realize the stable and efficient motion of quadruped robots on different terrains in response to the trade-off between motion energy efficiency and motion stability. The gait is defined based on the duty cycle parameters and phase bias to form the switching basis. Secondly, the affine transformation of gait parameters and the finite state machine are introduced to establish the switching sequence, which realizes the timely gait switching. The speed-gait mapping is designed based on the cost of transport (CoT) and the stability …

Municipal Solid Waste Management In Egypt Environmental And Economic Objectives, Nader Ibrahem Ismael

Mansoura Engineering Journal

The research aims to study the problem of municipal solid waste in Egypt, which notes the growth of the phenomenon of dumping this waste in the streets of Egypt, especially following the January 25 revolution and the resulting shortcomings in the performance of successive governments in confronting this problem, which led to an increasing rate of solid waste accumulation in the streets of Cairo and the shortcomings of the administrations’ performance. There is also a lack of a specific methodology for collecting local waste at the republic level. The research aims to develop a methodology for managing these wastes, starting …

Trends In Wildlife Strikes To Aircraft In Brazil: Implications For Airport Operators, Flavio A. C. Mendonca, Chenyu Huang, Julius Keller, Carolina Anderson

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

Purpose. Brazilian airport operators face persistent challenges from wildlife hazards to aircraft operations, necessitating the development and implementation or review of existing wildlife hazard management plans. Enhancing airport operators’ ability to allocate resources effectively requires a deeper understanding of past wildlife strikes. This study aimed to provide empirical insights derived from the analyses of wildlife strike and aircraft operations data in Brazil to support accident prevention endeavors.

Design/methodology. The researchers utilized two main datasets: the Brazilian National Wildlife Strike Database and the annual reports on aircraft traffic operations published by the Brazilian Department of Airspace Control. For this study, wildlife …

The Influence Of The Un Watercourses Convention On The Development Of A Policy Design In The Nile River Basin, Zienab Ali Abdelhady

Theses and Dissertations

The adoption in 1997 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses (UN Watercourses Convention or UNWC) marked a milestone in the codification and progressive development of international water law. Similarly, the signature in 2010 by the majority of the Nile Basin states of the Nile River Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA) was a major step towards a permanent legal and institutional framework as well as a significant shift from the currently applicable legal regime in the basin. The research concludes that the principles enshrined in the UNWC can assist future regional treaty …

Calcium Phosphate Formation And Deposition In Ischemic Neurons, Shu Q. Liu, John B. Troy, Jeremy Goldman, Roger J. Guillory

Michigan Tech Publications

Ischemic stroke causes acute brain calcium phosphate (CaP) deposition, a process involving primarily the injured neurons. Whereas the adverse impact of CaP deposition on the brain structure and function has been recognized, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This investigation demonstrated that the neuron-expressed, plasma membrane-associated Ca2+-binding proteins annexin (Anx) A2, AnxA5, AnxA6, and AnxA7 contributed to neuronal CaP deposition in the mouse model of ischemic stroke. These Anxs were released from the degraded plasma membrane of the ischemic neurons and were able to form Anx/CaP complexes, a nanostructure capable of binding to the β actin filaments via Anx–actin interaction …

Comparative Analysis Of The Environmental Impact Of Biopolymer-Based And Conventional Plastic Packaging In Food Engineering Applications, Alice Njolke Mafe, Great Iruoghene Edo, Patrick Othuke Akpoghelie, Ogunyemi Ayobami Joshua, Endurance Fegor Isoje, Ufuoma Augustina Igbuku, Arthur Efeoghene Athan Essaghah

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Sustainability in Engineering Sciences

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the environmental impacts of biopolymer-based packaging versus conventional plastic packaging in food engineering applications. It begins by highlighting the critical role of packaging in food preservation and safety, while addressing the environmental challenges posed by traditional plastic packaging, including pollution, waste accumulation, and the generation of microplastics. The review compares conventional plastics like PET and HDPE with biopolymers such as PLA and PHA, discussing the environmental advantages of biopolymers in terms of carbon footprint reduction, renewable resource utilization, and enhanced biodegradability. A life cycle assessment is employed to evaluate the resource usage, emissions, …

Performance And Emissions Characteristics Of Multi-Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fuelled With Diesel/Biodiesel And Toluene Additives, Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr. Eng., Mohammed Osama Elsamadony Dr. Eng., Moustafa Ghazaly Eng.

Journal of Engineering Research

This study explores the impact of using a diesel, biodiesel, and toluene additive fuel blend in a multi-cylinder direct injection diesel engine, focusing on both performance and emissions characteristics. Biodiesel, made from renewable sources like vegetable oils, is often added to diesel to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and improve combustion due to its higher oxygen content. In this work, a 45% biodiesel blend (B45) led to significant reductions in particulate matter (PM) emissions by up to 40% compared to conventional diesel. Additionally, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decreased by up to 30% and 25%, respectively, due to …

Heavy Metals Pollution In Roadside Ecosystems, Lilian Matafu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Heavy metals refer to metallic elements that are characterized by having a relatively high density and they are toxic or poisonous even at low concentration. They are environmental pollutant owing to toxicity and longevity in atmosphere and ability to accumulate in living things via bioaccumulation. They tend to enter in different system such as food chain. Analyses of water, soil sediment and the surrounding growing plants (Cynodon dactylon and Cyperus species) for selected heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu) were conducted on a roadside pond located at Boko MSB, Dar es Salaam. Pond water, soil sediments and plant samples …