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Developpement Larvaire Du Serpulien Cavernicole Marifugia Cavatica Absolon Et Hrabe (Polychaeta, Sedentaria), Janez Matjašič, Boris Sket

International Journal of Speleology

Among material coming from Hercegovina some living trochoporae of the cave Serpulid Marifugia cavatica have been found. In the laboratory of the Biology Institute of Ljubljana the further development passing stages of metatrochophore and nectochaeta have been observed. The constitution of the trochophore is typical. The nectochaeta possesses three metamera and each of these has only one pair of setae. The nectochaeta once it gets attached to the bottom the neck and beginning of tentacles are beginning to develop. The tube, three pairs of simple tentacles and the opercula are formed in further stages. For the period in which the …

A Preliminary Study On The Effects Of Organic Pollution Of Banners Corner Cave, Virginia, John R. Holsinger

International Journal of Speleology

Four pools were observed in Banners Corner Cave, Russell County, Virginia, over a 28 month period from November 1961 to February 1964. Three of these pools were visibly polluted with sewage which had seeped into the cave from septic tanks located on the hill above. All four of these pools, at one time or another during the study, contained large populations of planarians, Phagocata subterranea Hyman and isopods, Asellus recurvatus Steeves. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses of the pool waters indicated that oxygen tension is a low as 2.8 mg./l. in one pool and that coliforms and other forms of bacteria …

The Geographical Distribution Of Australian Cave-Dwelling Chiroptera, E. Hamilton-Smith

International Journal of Speleology

Of the 56 species of bats currently recorded from Australia, 22 are known to occur in caves. The geographical distribution of each of these species is detailed, and from this data, the species are divided into four groups according to their pattern of distribution. Group I comprises those species found only North of 18°S latitude, all of which either also occur in New Guinea or are closely related to New Guinea species. Group II, including both endemic Australian genera, occurs over that area North of 28°S latitude. This area largely comprises desert or semi-desert terrain, with its characteristics of low …

Contribution À L'Etude De Bathynella D'Europe: Bathynella Natans Vejdovsky, Un Dilemme À Résoudre, Eugène Serban

International Journal of Speleology

After a minute study of the structure of the 8th male pereiopod in some Bathynella populations from Romania and England, the structure differences which were found allowed to identify two well individualized kinds of pereiopods; they were named type natans and type stammeri. Taking into account the striking differences between these two types, B. stammeri (Jakobi), which since 1954 is considered to be a subspecies of the natans species, was separated out of the species B. natans sensu Jakobi (1954). The populations understudied were collected in England and Romania, their minute study being the object of an other note, …

Algological Studies In The Cave Of Mátyás Mount, Budapest, Hungary, Lajos Hajdu

International Journal of Speleology

Experiments were designed to test the ability of the aphotic speleoenvironment to support algal growth. The first series contained gelatin cultures of Scenedesmus placed in the cave at different localities in order to establish whether or not the microhabitats have any particular effect on the multiplication of the algae. No differences were found in the cultures after a three month incubation period in the cave, which could be traced to influences of microenvironmental conditions. Chlorella cultures in sterile Knop’s solution showed measurable growth in the cave whereas if the cultures were installed into sterilized cave water or were shielded by …

Les Crustacés Du Réservoir De La Fontaine Des Suisses À Dijon, Bernard Dussart, François Graf, Roger Husson

International Journal of Speleology

Inventory of the Crustaceans collected in the basin of the Fonatine des Suisses at Dijon. The Copepoda are represented by 5 species: Macrocyclops albidits, Eucyclops serrulatus in two slightly different forms, Eucyclops serrulatus var. mihi, Acanthocyclops venustus, Acanthocyclops vernalis and Acanthocyclops robustus. The coexistence of these two last forms in this very tiny environment makes it probable that we have here to do with two distinct species. A determination key is given for the Genus Acanthocyclops. Amphipoda are represented by Niphargus virei and especially Niphargus kochianus kochianus of which more than 100 samples have been …

Hommage À La Mémoire De René Jeannel, Constantin Motas

International Journal of Speleology

In this paper the author evokes the principal stages of activity in the life of the great French speleologist, René Jeannel. He records the admiration and respect attributed to Jeannel in the field of entomology. Emphasis is given to the work of Jeannel at Cluj, Romania, carried on with E. G. Racovitza and P. A. Chappuis. A summary is made of Jeannel’s many travels. The significant conclusions of these are presented as well as an insight into the character of this prominent French naturalist.

Ecology And Distribution Of Foraminifers Of A Traverse In The Northwestern Gulf Of Mexico, Faiz Nassir Thomas

Masters Theses

"Foraminiferal populations have been analyzed from five bottom samples along a traverse in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, approximately 27⁰20' to 97⁰15' north latitude and 97⁰20' to 97⁰05' west longitude. Eighty-eight species and twenty-nine genera, belonging to eighteen families, were recorded. Species were identified and described.

Statistical studies indicate that probably five benthonic foraminiferal depth facies could be recognized in the area at the following approximate depths: 4 fathoms, 4-8 fathoms, 8-12 fathoms, 12-16 fathoms, and 16-20 fathoms. Determination of facies is based largely on the range of species. The frequency distribution of species of foraminifers was plotted against change …

Materialien Über Die Ökologie Und Biologie Von Sphaeromides Bureschi Strouhal, Angel Angelov

International Journal of Speleology

The acquatic cave Isopod Sphaeromides bureschi Strouhal was discovered by I. Buresch in the underground water of two caves in western Stara-Planina. In this paper the author describes a new station, a spring, in the same region and then exposes the results of ecological and biological observations on this species (biotope, temperature, sex-ratio, feeding regime, locomotion).

Three New Species Of Cymbella From Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, Sam L. Van Landingham

International Journal of Speleology

During an investigation of the diatom flora of Mammoth Cave, Kentucky three Cymbella species were noted which could not be identified with any yet described forms. This paper contains a taxonomic description of the three new species: Cymbella clausii, Cymbella gerloffii, Cymbella hohnii. A common feature of all three species is the rather broad central area which may have been the result of a special adaptation to the cave environment.

Contribution À La Systématique Des Stenasellinae D'Afrique (Crustacés, Asellotes), Guy Magniez

International Journal of Speleology

From 1897 to 1962, many species have been described as belonging to the genus Stenasellus Dollfus. Among all these the forms from Central Africa and one of Western Africa are not conform to the generic description of Racovitza 1924 obliging us to institute two new genera, Metastenasellus and Parastenasellus. The archaeic Asellota belong to the genus Stenasellus Dollfus, Johannella Monod, Metastenasellus nov.gen. and Parastenasellus nov. gen. are thus grouped in a sub family of Stenasellinae and the relationship between the different groups has still to be explained.

Nouvelles Contributions À L'Ètude De Bathynella (Bathynella) Natans Vejd. Et Bathynella (Antrobathynella) Stammeri (Jakobi), Eugène Serban

International Journal of Speleology

In an earlier paper the author separated Bathynella stammeri (Jakobi) (formerly considered a subspecies) from B. natans Vejd. sensu Jakobi and showed that this new species justified the erection of a new subgenus (Antrobathynella) of Bathynella. Study of the morphology of the mandible, and the 8th pereiopod of the male and female, and examination of the chaetotaxy of the uropods have revealed new diagnostic characters which permit the unequivocal separation of B. natans and B. stammeri. A diagnosis of both species is given. The present study is the result of examination of numerous specimens from many …

Pelodrilus Bureschi Mich. 1924 (Oligochaeta Haplotaxidae Dans Les Grottes Du Banat (Roumanie), Francise Botea, Lazare Botoşaneanu

International Journal of Speleology

Pelodrilus bureschi Mich., one of two species of limicolous oligochaetes strictly confined to a subterranean environment and previously known from several caves in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, was recently found in three caves in the Banat Mountains, Romania. Examination of sexually mature worms showed that they are within the range of variability of P. bureschi and that there is no reason to describe a form peculiar to the caves of Banat. Pelodrilus has almost always been found in the mud or clay covering the bottom of pools of variable size, which are filled by periodic flooding of underground water courses. The …

Cenozoic And Recent Lunulitiform Bryozoans Of The Gulf And Atlantic Coasts, Ronald Greeley

Doctoral Dissertations

"Free, cup-shaped colonies of cheilostomatous bryozoans, equipped with vibracula, are termed lunulitiform bryozoans. This group is found in sandy and calcareous Cenozoic deposits of the Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains. Cupuliform bryozoans are taxonomically distinct from, but in many ways similar to, lunulitiform bryozoans; the two groups are frequently found together.

Known lunulitiform genera of the Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains are diagnosed and their species described: Lunulites Lamarck, fifteen species, one new; Oligotresium Gabb and Horn, six species, two new; Discoporella d'Orbigny, two species; Cupuladria Canu and Bassler, two species; Selenaria Busk, one species; Otionella Canu and Bassler, four …

Algae From The Cave Of Mátyás Mount, Budapest, Hungary, P. Palik

International Journal of Speleology

Seven collections containing scrapings of speleoclay or samples from the cave waters were received from L. Hajdu and were cultured in light in a modified Knop’s solution. The cultures yielded 21 different algal taxa, of which five species belong to the Cyanophyta four to the Bacillariophycaea class of the Chrysophyta and twelve to the Chlorophyta. From the species distribution, the cave shows a similarity to the nearby cave of Pàlvolgy, namely both of them contained more than 50 per cent Chlorophyta. Among the Cyanophyta the occurrence of Baradlaia speluncaecola Palik is noteworthy. This species seems to be a true troglobitic …

Water Chemistry Survey Of Boulder Basin, Lake Mead, P. R. Tramutt, Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

The survey results indicate that the impoundment of water behind Hoover Dam has not adversely affected the dissolved oxygen (DO) content and that water quality and DO content were uniform regardless of depth. The study made in April-May 1964 will provide water quality data of Lake Mead prior to releases from Lake Powell as a basis for evaluating Lake Powell's effect on water quality and limnology of Lake Mead. The performance of a DO analyzer was tested and found unsatisfactory at depths below 150 ft. Parameters tested by standard chemical analyses of water samples in the Denver Laboratory and by …

Effect Of Calcium Availability On Alfalfa Grown In Calcareous High Sodium Soils, Harry Irving Nightingale

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In soil science we shall always be confronted with reactions in soils that involve Ca. Early recognition of this led to experimentation in this area. Due to the fact that Ca deficiency is most common in acid soils, the majority of the experimentation has in the past been largely confined to acid soils and their soil-Ca-plant relationships. There has been relatively little research done with Ca and its availability problems associated with alkaline or sodic soils.

Marine Geology, Preston E. Cloud Jr.

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Were the average temperature of the earth a few tens of degrees less than it is, ice would be the most common crustal rock. The fact that it occurs in its liquid phase over 71 per cent of the earth's surface should not obscure the fact that the oceans are geologic features, particularly in their substructure, their boundary relations, and their history.

Puccinellia : Outstanding Saltland Grass, C V. Malcolm, S. T. Smith

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

"Puccinellia" is a tussocky perennial grass with an outstanding ability to survive salty and waterlogged conditions.

Considerable areas of saltland in Western Australia are suited to its growth.

Seed is now available commercially and in this article the conditions to which the grass is suited are described and establishment and management methods are suggested.

Taxonomic Study Of Fossil And Recent Otoliths Of Certain Cuskeels, Gary Neal Pointer

Masters Theses

"Otoliths are calcareous structures occurring in the auditory labyrinths of teleost (bony) fishes. Three pairs of these earstones normally are found: the sagitta, in the sacculus; the asteriscus, in the lagena; and the lapillus in the utriculus. In fishes other than the Order cypriniformes (carp, catfishes, and related forms), the sagitta is the largest otolith, and it may be used in taxonomic and other studies. Fossil earstones of cuskeels (Family Ophidiiae-Brotulidae), constituting the Preophidion complex, occur in relative abundance at various levels in the Claiborne, Jackson, and Vicksburg groups of the Lower Tertiary on the Gulf Coast. The present study …

Available Water Supply Of The Las Vegas Ground-Water Basin Nevada, Glenn Thomas Malmberg

Publications (WR)

The Las Vegas ground-water basin as described in this report includes the southern part of Indian Spring Valley, Three Lakes Valley, the northern half of Ivanpah Valley, and Las Vegas Valley. These valleys in part are inferred to form a hydrologic unit that includes an area of about 3,000 square miles in the southern part of Clark County, Nev.

The valleys forming the Las Vegas ground-water basin are broad structural depressions surrounded by mountains. The climate of the region is arid, and precipitation in the basin lowlands rarely exceeds 5 inches per year. Drainage is interior except for occasional Hood …

Östliche Gruppe Der Monolistrini (Crust., Isoopoda): Ii.Biologischer Teil, Boris Sket

International Journal of Speleology

Following the first systematic part, in this paper the author describes the biological observations made on these Isopod Crustaceans of underground waters. The different sexual characters of the particular groups and the related differences in the behaviour before copulation are described. During the embryonic and larval development small differences between sub-genus are reported. To the differences in Caecospaeroma (according to Daum) the first and second “mancastadium” and another “postmanca stadium” with pereiopods VII not wholly formed have to be added. The author describes the growth of the different parts of the corps and the extremities, comprising the sexual characters.

Contribution À L'Étude De La Biologie D'Asellus Cavaticus Leydig (Note Préliminaire), Jean-Paul Henry

International Journal of Speleology

The cavernicole asellid Asellus cavaticus Leydig has been reared in our laboratory for more than twenty months, permitting us to give some data on the sexual cycle of this species. Females provided with brood pouches seem to be more numerous in the spring, as is the case with the subterranean amphipod Niphargus virei Chevreux. The average length of the incubation period seems much shorter than that of other troglobitic species such as Niphargus virei Chevreux or Caecosphaeroma burgundum Dollfus, so that the life cycle of our species is nearer to that of epigean Asellus. The number of young per …

Les Chauves-Souris Cavernicoles De La Suisse, Villy Aellen

International Journal of Speleology

Bats, familiar to speleologists, play an important part in animal ecology in caves. Indirectly by their guano, they provide a source of food for numerous cave-dwelling animals and directly, by their own more or less constant presence. 26 species of bats are known from Switzerland, 15 of which occur in caves. Miniopterus schreibersi is considered the only true cave-dweller. The exact distribution of the rare species, including those occurring outside caves, is found in the text and is also indicated on the accompanying maps.

Faune Des Eaux Souterraines Saumâtres De L'Asie Centrale, J. A. Birstein, S. I. Ljovuschkin

International Journal of Speleology

In the cave Kaptar-Khana (south-western Turkmenistan) was discovered a lake filled with water with a salinity of 11,68‰. This lake is inhabited by a fauna of marine origin - Foraminifera (three species), Molluscs (Pseudocaspia ljovuschkini sp.n.), Harpacticoida (genera Ectinosoma, Schizopera and Nitocra), Isopoda (Microcharon halophilus sp.n.) and possibly Nematoda (Oncholaimidae). The majority of the discovered species are related to species of circum-Mediterranean origin. Geological data do not permit to consider this fauna as a relict of any of the tertiary seas. The same applies to all other cases when animals of marine origin were discovered …

Recherches Phréatobiologiques Ii: La Capture Des Niphargus Adultes Par Le Procéde Des Sondages Karaman-Chappuis. Les Crues Et La Biocenose De La Nappe Phréatique, Constantin Motas, Eugène Serban

International Journal of Speleology

The present note calls into question the opinion of different authors concerning the presence or lack of adult Niphargus near the phreatic table (superior layer of phreatic water) in zones prospected by Karaman-Chappuis method. Our investigations have proved the reason for which Niphargus adults were less frequent in the superior layer of the phreatic water is rather concerned with our investigation means - which are very approximate - than with the ecological or ethological requirements of these animals. The assertion that the phreatic fauna performs downward migrations during the floods must be considered as doubtful. During floods it is impossible …

Beiträge Zur Kenntnis Der Brunnenfauna Im Tal Des Flusses Bela Reca (Rumänien), Constantin Motas, Iosif Capuse

International Journal of Speleology

After an introduction, comprising a historical summary on the researches on well fauna, a description of the study area in which 13 water wells have been investigated is given. The authors explain the adopted working method and indicate the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters (temperature, pH, alkalinity, hardness, O₂-content, fixed residuum, suspended matter, N₂O₅, P₂O₅, NaCl, Ca, Fe). The fauna of the wells of Mehadia (see systematic part) is composed of 34 species: 1 Triclade, 3 Oligochaeta, 2 Gastropods, 5 Cladocera, 1 Ostracod, 3 Copepods, 4 Isopods, 2 …

Daten Zur Kenntnis Der Algenflora Der Höhle Kölyuk Von Mánfa, George Claus

International Journal of Speleology

The Kolyuk cave lies in the southern part of Hungary in the Mecsek Mountains, about 3 km. in distance from the village of Mànfa. The material accepted for investigation originated from a recently discovered and until now completely entombed part of the cave. It was collected by the geologist Gàbor Magyari and consisted of material scraped from the walls and ceiling of a cavity in the cave, which could be reached only by underwater swimming. From these scrapings cultures were installed with sterile Knopp solution and after the algae present in the collection reproduced, a diversified flora developed which consisted …

Preliminary Note On The Algae Of Crystal Cave, Kentucky, J. P. Nagy

International Journal of Speleology

Collections of a preliminary type carried out in Crystal Cave, Kentucky, resulted in the identification of seven algal taxa. A Chamaesiphon (Dermocarpales) and an Asterocytis (Bangioidea) are reported for the first time from a speleo-environment. As no correlation could be found among the algae occurring in Crystal Cave and those of nearby Mammoth Cave the conclusion is reached that the cave algal floras do not originate from the algal vegetation of the surface but may have gotten into the caves at the time of the latter’s formation.

Algological Investigations In Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, H. J. Jones

International Journal of Speleology

Algological investigations carried out in the Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, revealed the presence of twenty-seven taxa representing all divisions of the Algae except the Pyrrhophyta and Phaeophyta; diatoms although observed in the samples were not dealt with in the present paper. One species, Oscillitoria clausiana spec. nov. and a form Lyngbya pusilla fa. tenuior fa. nov., both belonging to the Cyanophyta are new to science. In addition, several other rare and interesting algae were found. A comparison is made between the algal flora of the Mammoth Cave and algae found in several European caves. The ecology of the cavernicole algae is …