Digital Commons Network^™

Febrile Rhinovirus Illness During Pregnancy Is Associated With Low Birth Weight In Nepal., Erin K Philpott, Janet A Englund, Joanne Katz, James Tielsch, Subarna Khatry, Stephen C Leclerq, Laxman Shrestha, Jane Kuypers, Amalia S Magaret, Mark C Steinhoff, Helen Y Chu

Global Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Adverse birth outcomes, including low birth weight (LBW), defined as <2500 >grams, small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and prematurity, contribute to 60%-80% of infant mortality worldwide and may be related to infections during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess whether febrile human rhinovirus (HRV) illness is associated with adverse birth outcomes.

METHODS: Active household-based weekly surveillance was performed for respiratory illness episodes in pregnant women as part of a community-based, prospective, randomized trial of maternal influenza immunization in rural Nepal. Rhinovirus (HRV) febrile illness episodes were defined as fever plus cough, sore throat, runny nose, and/or myalgia with HRV detected …

Schistosoma Mansoni Reinfection: Analysis Of Risk Factors By Classification And Regression Tree (Cart) Modeling., Andréa Gazzinelli, Roberta Oliveira-Prado, Leonardo Ferreira Matoso, Bráulio M Veloso, Gisele Andrade, Helmut Kloos, Jeffrey M Bethony, Renato M Assunção, Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Praziquantel (PZQ) is an effective chemotherapy for schistosomiasis mansoni and a mainstay for its control and potential elimination. However, it does not prevent against reinfection, which can occur rapidly in areas with active transmission. A guide to ranking the risk factors for Schistosoma mansoni reinfection would greatly contribute to prioritizing resources and focusing prevention and control measures to prevent rapid reinfection. The objective of the current study was to explore the relationship among the socioeconomic, demographic, and epidemiological factors that can influence reinfection by S. mansoni one year after successful treatment with PZQ in school-aged children in Northeastern Minas …

Ancylostoma Ceylanicum Infective Third-Stage Larvae Are Activated By Co-Culture With Ht-29-Mtx Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Caitlin Feather, John M. Hawdon, John March

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Background

Human hookworm larvae arrest development until they enter an appropriate host. This makes it difficult to access the larvae for studying larval development or host-parasite interactions. While there are in vivo and in vitro animal models of human hookworm infection, there is currently no human, in vitro model. While animal models have provided much insight into hookworm biology, there are limitations to how closely this can replicate human infection. Therefore, we have developed a human, in vitro model of the initial phase of hookworm infection using intestinal epithelial cell culture.

Results

Co-culture of the human hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum with …

Disorders Of Metal Metabolism, Carlos Ferreira, William A. Gahl

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Trace elements are chemical elements needed in minute amounts for normal physiology. Some of the physiologically relevant trace elements include iodine, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium, cobalt and molybdenum. Of these, some are metals, and in particular, transition metals. The different electron shells of an atom carry different energy levels, with those closest to the nucleus being lowest in energy. The number of electrons in the outermost shell determines the reactivity of such an atom. The electron shells are divided in sub-shells, and in particular the third shell has s, p and d sub-shells. Transition metals are strictly defined as …

Diabetes Mellitus: Concerns, Treatment Options, And The Future, Ryan Curry

Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

Diabetes is a serious disease that is becoming very serious worldwide. This review will discuss some of the treatment options that are available for type two diabetes with a comparison to insulin management. It will discuss the history, genetics, economics, and also the future of diabetes management.

Hiv-Care Access Among People With Incarceration Experience In St. Petersburg, Russia, Monica S. Ruiz, Robert Heimer, Olga Levina, N. Badosova, V. Rassokhin, A. Belyakov, N. Belyakov

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

Background: Little is known about the clinical care experiences of HIV-infected persons in St. Petersburg who have experience with incarceration. To address this question, we conducted a capture-recapture study to identify individuals who had been diagnosed with HIV infection while incarcerated and who subsequently presented for medical care in St. Petersburg, Russia following release from prison.

Methods: We matched 292 HIV-positive prisoners tested by the prison system in 2010 to the medical records at the St. Petersburg AIDS Center in the following 4 years.

Results: The data analysis shows that as many as half of HIV+ prisoners fail to seek …

Analysis Of Metabolic Syndrome As A Modifiable Risk Factor For Prostate Cancer, Michael Butler

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Prostate cancer and metabolic syndrome are both prevalent among men in developed countries with peak incidence after age 50.

• Prostate cancer has no known modifiable risk factors.

• Most risk factors for metabolic syndrome are modifiable.

• If metabolic syndrome is identified as contributing to the risk of prostate cancer it would give an element of self determination to men at risk for prostate cancer.

• Past studies provide conflicting results in the correlation between these two conditions.

• A literature review was performed to evaluate consistencies in current literature.

• Metabolic syndrome or its components do not …

Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency, An Under Considered Diagnosis, Lindsay Venn

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Persistent gastrointestinal (GI) complaints are a common problem in patients presenting to family practice for care.

• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a diagnosis that adult patients are labeled with when clinicians have exhausted their differential list and no other cause of their GI symptoms can be confirmed.

• Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (SID) has been historically shown to present early in life as a congenital disorder, but researchers are now recognizing occurrence later in life as a mild or secondary disorder.

• The literature emphasizes the disconcerting prevalence of sucrase-isomaltasedeficiency (SID), the persistent symptoms associated with it, and the need …

Anti-Müllerian Hormone And Its Relationships With Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease And Renal Disease In A Longitudinal Cohort Study Of Women With Type 1 Diabetes, Catherine Kim, Yuanyuan Pan, Barbara Braffett, Valerie Arends, Michael Steffes, Hunter Wessells, Aruna V. Sarma

GW Biostatistics Center

Background

Reproductive age may be a risk factor for vascular disease. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by viable ovarian follicles and reflects reproductive age. We examined whether AMH concentrations were associated with markers of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) and kidney disease among women with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study. Participants included women with type 1 diabetes and ≥1 AMH measurement (n = 390). In multivariable regression models which adjusted for repeated measures, we examined the associations between AMH with CVD risk factors, estimated glomerular filtration rate, …

Three Damn Letters, Katherine Ammon

Honors Program Theses

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a terminal disease that destroys a patient's motor neurons. In the play Three Damn Letters, a sarcastic woman must accept her own ALS diagnosis while also balancing her relationships with her father, husband, and son. This seriocomedic play explores themes of family roles, disability, love, and death.

From Sea To Shining Sea, And The Great Plains To Patagonia: A Review On Current Knowledge Of Diabetes Mellitus In Hispanics/Latinos In The U.S. And Latin America, Larissa Aviles-Santa, Uriyoán Colon-Ramos, Nangel Lindberg, Joseimer Mattei, Francisco Pasquel, Cynthia Perez

Global Health Faculty Publications

The last two decades have witnessed many advances in the prevention, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Increased screening has led to a greater recognition of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) and prediabetes; however, Hispanics/Latinos, the largest minority group in the U.S., have not fully benefited from these advances. The Hispanic/Latino population is highly diverse in ancestries, birth places, cultures, languages, and socioeconomic backgrounds, and it populates most of the Western Hemisphere. In the U.S., the prevalence of diabetes mellitus varies among Hispanic/Latino heritage groups, being higher among Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Dominicans, and lower …

Aβ Vaccination In Combination With Behavioral Enrichment In Aged Beagles: Effects On Cognition, Aβ, And Microhemorrhages, Paulina R. Davis, Ginevra Giannini, Karin Rudolph, Nathaniel Calloway, Christopher M. Royer, Tina L. Beckett, M. Paul Murphy, Frederick Bresch, Dieter Pagani, Thomas Platt, Xiaohong Wang, Amy Skinner Donovan, Tiffany L. Sudduth, Wenjie Lou, Erin L. Abner, Richard J. Kryscio, Donna M. Wilcock, Edward G. Barrett, Elizabeth Head

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Beta-amyloid (Aβ) immunotherapy is a promising intervention to slow Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aging dogs naturally accumulate Aβ and show cognitive decline. An active vaccine against fibrillar Aβ 1–42 (VAC) in aged beagles resulted in maintenance but not improvement of cognition along with reduced brain Aβ. Behavioral enrichment (ENR) led to cognitive benefits but no reduction in Aβ. We hypothesized cognitive outcomes could be improved by combining VAC with ENR in aged dogs. Aged dogs (11–12 years) were placed into 4 groups: (1) control/control (C/C); (2) control/VAC (C/V); (3) ENR/control (E/C); (4) ENR and VAC (E/V) and treated for 20 months. …

Actionable Patient Safety Solution (Apss) #3c: Improve Prevention Of Severe Hypoglycemia, Jerika Lam, Steven Barker, Michael Ramsay, Ariana Longley, Joe Kiani

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

This report presents a plan of action for introducing a "program to reduce errors in the recognition and treatment of [severe hypoglycemia]".

Relationship Of Stress, Sleep, Physical Activity, And Food Insecurity On Eating Behaviors And Obesity, Amy Lee Richards

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

There is an urgent need to find effective interventions to prevent and reduce obesity as it is associated with chronic disease and decreased quality of life. Gaining a better understanding of how modifiable variables such as stress, sleep, physical activity, and food insecurity are related to eating behaviors associated with obesity is essential to guide the direction of future interventions and research. Interventions that hold promise need to be tested to determine if they have merit or not. This dissertation presents three papers. Two papers are cross-sectional studies evaluating associations between eating behaviors, obesity, and modifiable variables (stress, sleep, physical …

Neonatal Hypoglycemia In Diabetic Mothers: A Systematic Review, Brook T. Alemu, Olaniyi Olayinka, Hind A. Baydoun, Matthew Hoch, Muge Akpinar-Elci

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Hypoglycemia occurs in approximately 8-30% of neonates born to mothers with diabetes. The full extent of the individual and contextual risk factors of hypoglycemia remains unclear and no systematic review of the available studies exists to date. We identified published studies using PubMed and EBSCO host search engines. A modified STROBE statement was used to assess studies' strengths, weaknesses, and generalizability. A total of 16 articles were eligible for full text review. The clinical risk factors in these studies were broadly classified into two: infant-related and mother-related risk factors. The identified infant-related risk factors were SGA, macrosomia, prematurity, lower cord …

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Metabolic Syndrome And Pre-Diabetes In Adolescents In The Sierra Region Of Ecuador, Sharon L. Casapulla, Cheryl A. Howe, Gabriela Rosero Mora, Darlene Berryman, Mario J. Grijalva, Edgar W. Rojas, Jay H. Shubrook

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Osteopathic Medicine

Background: Excess weight (overweight and obesity) is the major modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other non-communicable diseases. However, excess weight may not be as predictive of diabetes risk as once thought. While excess weight and other obesity-related non-communicable diseases are of growing concern in low-middle income countries in Latin America, there is limited research on risk factors associated with T2DM in adolescents. This study investigated prevalence of overweight, obesity, prediabetes, diabetes and metabolic syndrome in adolescents in Ecuador.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 433 adolescents from two schools in a small …

Rationale For, Initiation And Titration Of The Basal Insulin/Glp-1ra Fixed-Ratio Combination Products, Ideglira And Iglarlixi, For The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes, Virginia Valentine, Jennifer Goldman, Jay H. Shubrook

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Osteopathic Medicine

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive disease affecting glucose regulation and a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Many patients are not escalated up the treatment ladder appropriately despite failing to achieve glycemic control, with barriers such as fear of hypoglycemia, weight gain, and treatment burden recognized as factors. Exogenous basal insulin is titrated to address control of fasting plasma glucose and may preserve residual β-cell function, thus promoting a greater endogenous prandial insulin response. Native glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone secreted by the gut in response to nutrient ingestion; it increases insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon …

Heart Disease And African Americans, Patricia Guy-Walls, Jody Long

Research, Publications & Creative Work

Good health depends on multiple factors, including financial status. Higher socioeconomic status correlates with a lower risk of cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Lukachko, Hatzenbuehler, and Keyes (2014) stated that the advantages of income status make a difference with health, specifically heart disease. Another significant factor affecting heart disease is health care disparity. Kahng (2010) found that the accumulative impact of health care disparities experienced over a lifetime contributes to chronic stress and heart-related problems.

Despite advancement in care, more African Americans, compared with other racial groups, die from cardiovascular disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). Several …

The Effect Of Alcohol Prep Pads And Blood Drop Number On Capillary Blood Glucose Values, Joanna E. Foos

Honors Theses and Capstones

Capillary blood glucose monitoring is a common nursing procedure. However, no consensus exists regarding which drop of blood to test (drop 1 vs. drop 2) and whether using alcohol pads to prepare the fingertip affects blood glucose values. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of these factors and contribute to the development of evidence-based nursing protocols for capillary blood glucose monitoring. A quantitative, quasi-experimental study was conducted in a laboratory at the University of New Hampshire. 96 volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Each group underwent a pair of capillary blood glucose tests …

Do Antibiotics In Early Life Contribute To Obesity?, Shimon Kadosh

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

In recent years, science has made great strides in its understanding of the microbiome, discovering that it plays a role in regulating many body processes. One area of study is the microbiomes interaction and influence on host metabolic processes. Studies using both mice and humans have established a clear correlation between obesity and the composition of the microbiome, identifying a microbiome unique to obese individuals. Furthermore, experiments with germ-free mice have shown that the microbiome effects host metabolism, causing germ free mice to increase in mass when inoculated with normal microbiota. Inoculation with microbiota from obese mice yielded greater increases …

Repurposing Diabetes Drugs To Treat Insulin Resistance In Alzheimer’S Disease‌, Yael Lazarus

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition which results in a significant decline in cognitive status. Novel treatment approaches for Alzheimer’s are sorely needed, as current medications for the disease offer only marginal clinical benefit. Research has discovered a connection between the pathology of Alzheimer’s and Type 2 Diabetes, two serious and seemingly unrelated disorders. Clinical studies have shown that Alzheimer’s disease is associated with brain insulin resistance similar to the pathology of Type 2 Diabetes. This observation has led to the notion that drugs developed for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes may be beneficial in modifying the cognitive function …

The Impacts Of Childhood Obesity On Adult Health And Quality Of Life‌, Miriam Weinstock

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Obesity has emerged as one of the most preeminent concerns of the modern era. Thirty six percent of our country’s citizens are classified as obese and six percent qualify as extremely obese. Developing obesity as an adult is fairly common, but countless studies have shown a direct correlation between childhood obesity and remaining severely overweight as an adult. Aside from the physical and aesthetic discomfort of maintaining superfluous girth, the health hazards threatening the obese population are extremely discomfiting. The enormity of the issue requires extensive study so that society can educate themselves of the dangers and how to prevent …

Consequences Of Altered Short-Chain Carbon Metabolism In Heart Failure, Julie Horton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cardiovascular disease is currently the foremost cause of death within the United States. Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome defined by the inability of the heart to adequately execute requisite pump function in order to deliver nutrients and oxygen to peripheral tissues, irrespective of etiology. One of the most common causes of HF is chronic pressure overload due to hypertension. Ischemic heart disease is also a common driver of HF, often in conjunction with hypertension. Pressure overload initially causes compensatory metabolic changes. Structural changes follow shortly thereafter typically resulting in left ventricular hypertrophy. Eventually, the heart loses the ability to …

The Role Of Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 In Receptor Trafficking And Disease, Kaia K. Hampton

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences

The progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) is a multifunctional protein with a heme-binding domain that promotes cellular signaling via receptor trafficking, and is essential for some elements of tumor growth and metastasis. PGRMC1 is upregulated in breast, colon, lung and thyroid tumors. We expanded the analysis of PGRMC1 in the clinical setting, and report the first analysis of PGRMC1 in human oral cavity and ovarian tumors and found PGRMC1 to correlate with lung and ovarian cancer patient survival. Furthermore, we discovered a specific role for PGRMC1 in cancer stem cell viability. PGRMC1 directly associates with the epidermal growth factor …

New Insights Into Post-Sepsis Muscle Weakness Elucidated Using A Novel Animal Model, Allison M. Steele

Theses and Dissertations--Physiology

Sepsis is a severe life-threatening critical illness that damages multiple physiological systems. After hospital discharge, more than 70% of severe sepsis survivors report profound weakness which significantly impacts quality of life. Such weakness gives rise to new limitations of daily living, which ultimately leads to loss of independence in many patients. Despite wide recognition of this serious issue by clinicians and researchers alike, the mechanisms contributing to chronic skeletal muscle dysfunction after sepsis are not well understood. Lack of progress in this field is largely due to the absence of an appropriate animal model; current models are either too mild …

Analysis Of Humoral Immune Responses In Horses With Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis, Catherine-Jane Angwin

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), caused by the protozoan parasite Sarcocystis neurona, is one of the most important neurological diseases of horses in the Americas. While seroprevalence of S. neurona in horses is high, clinical manifestation of EPM occurs in less than 1% of infected horses. Factors governing the occurrence and severity of EPM are largely unknown, although horse immunity might play an important role in clinical outcome. We hypothesize that EPM occurs due to an aberrant immune response, which will be discernable in the equine IgG subisotypes a, b, and (T) that recognize S. neurona in infected diseased horses versus …

Exercise Preserves Physical Function In Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastases, Daniel A. Galvao, Dennis R. Taaffe, Nigel Spry, Prue Cormie, David Joseph, Suzanne K. Chambers, Raphael Chee, Carolyn J. Peddle-Mcintyre, Nicolas H. Hart, Freerk T. Baumann, James Denham, Michael Baker, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The presence of bone metastases has excluded participation of cancer patients in exercise interventions and is a relative contraindication to supervised exercise in the community setting due to concerns of fragility fracture. We examined the efficacy and safety of a modular multi-modal exercise program in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases.Between 2012 and 2015, 57 prostate cancer patients (70.0 ± 8.4 years; BMI 28.7 ± 4.0 kg/m) with bone metastases (pelvis 75.4%, femur 40.4%, rib/thoracic spine 66.7%, lumbar spine 43.9%, humerus 24.6%, other sites 70.2%) were randomised to multi-modal supervised aerobic, resistance and flexibility exercises undertaken thrice weekly (EX, n …

A Novel Compound-Heterozygous Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Mutation In Tufting Enteropathy., Valentina Shakhnovich, Darrell Dinwiddie, Amber Hildreth, Thomas M. Attard, Stephen Kingsmore

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Bleeding Meckel's Diverticulum In Children: The Diagnostic Value Of Double-Balloon Enteroscopy., Lan-Lan Geng, Pei-Yu Chen, Qiang Wu, Hui-Wen Li, Ding-You Li, Min Yang, Si-Tang Gong

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background. Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value and safety of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) for bleeding MD in children. Methods. We included consecutive children who were highly suspected of MD between 2012 and 2013. All patients underwent Meckel's scan. DBE was performed for patient with negative Meckel's scan. An exploratory laparoscopy was performed in children with positive Meckel's scan or DBE. Results. 42 patients met the inclusion criteria. 40 patients were confirmed to have MD by exploratory laparoscopy. Meckel's scan …

International Consensus (Icon) On: Clinical Consequences Of Mite Hypersensitivity, A Global Problem., Mario Sánchez-Borges, Enrique Fernandez-Caldas, Wayne R. Thomas, Martin D. Chapman, Bee Wah Lee, Luis Caraballo, Nathalie Acevedo, Fook Tim Chew, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Leili Behrooz, Wanda Phipatanakul, Roy Gerth Van Wijk, Demoly Pascal, Nelson Rosario, Motohiro Ebisawa, Mario Geller, Santiago Quirce, Susanne Vrtala, Rudolf Valenta, Markus Ollert, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Moises A. Calderón, Charles S. Barnes, Adnan Custovic, Suwat Benjaponpitak, Arnaldo Capriles-Hulett

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Since mite allergens are the most relevant inducers of allergic diseases worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity and increased burden on health services, the International Collaboration in Asthma, Allergy and Immunology (iCAALL), formed by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI), the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI), the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), and the World Allergy Organization (WAO), has proposed to issue an International Consensus (ICON) on the clinical consequences of mite hypersensitivity. The objectives of this document are to highlight aspects of mite biology that are clinically relevant, to update the …