Digital Commons Network^™

Causal Pathways From Enteropathogens To Environmental Enteropathy: Findings From The Mal-Ed Birth Cohort Study, Margaret N. Kosek, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Imran Ahmed, Syed Asad Ali, Muneera Rasheed, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Ali Turab, Didar Alam, Shahida Qureshi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Environmental enteropathy (EE), the adverse impact of frequent and numerous enteric infections on the gut resulting in a state of persistent immune activation and altered permeability, has been proposed as a key determinant of growth failure in children in low- and middle-income populations. A theory-driven systems model to critically evaluate pathways through which enteropathogens, gut permeability, and intestinal and systemic inflammation affect child growth was conducted within the framework of the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) birth cohort study that included children from eight countries. …

Cis-Eqtl-Based Trans-Ethnic Meta-Analysis Reveals Novel Genes Associated With Breast Cancer Risk, Joshua Hoffman, Rebecca Graff, Nima Emami, Caroline Tai, Michael Passarelli

Dartmouth Scholarship

Breast cancer is the most common solid organ malignancy and the most frequent cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Previous research has yielded insights into its genetic etiology, but there remains a gap in the understanding of genetic factors that contribute to risk, and particularly in the biological mechanisms by which genetic variation modulates risk. The National Cancer Institute's "Up for a Challenge" (U4C) competition provided an opportunity to further elucidate the genetic basis of the disease. Our group leveraged the seven datasets made available by the U4C organizers and data from the publicly available UK Biobank cohort to …

History Of Periodontitis Diagnosis And Edentulism As Predictors Of Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke, And Mortality In Postmenopausal Women., Michael J Lamonte, Robert J Genco, Kathleen M Hovey, Robert B Wallace, Jo L Freudenheim, Dominique S Michaud, Xiaodan Mai, Lesley F Tinker, Christian R Salazar, Christopher A Andrews, Wenjun Li, Charles B Eaton, Lisa W Martin, Jean Wactawski-Wende

Medicine Faculty Publications

Background

Few studies have reported associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in older women, which is the objective of the present investigation.

Methods and Results

Participants were 57 001 postmenopausal women ages 55 to 89 years (mean 68 years; >85% 60 and older) who were enrolled (1993–1998) in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, and were without known CVD when history of periodontitis and edentulism was assessed by questionnaire at study Year‐5 (1998–2003). There were 3589 incident CVD events and 3816 total deaths during a mean follow‐up of 6.7 years. In multivariable analysis, periodontitis was not associated with …

The Recognition Of Hpv Infection As A Risk Factor For Cardiovascular Disease In Men, Hayley Stettner

Graduate Student Research Symposium

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Strains 16 and 18 are causes of cervical, anogenital, and oropharyngeal cancer. A study found a nearly 3-fold increase in incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events, i.e. stroke and myocardial infarction (MI), in HPV-infected women. HPV-16 and 18 contain protein E6 that binds to p53 tumor suppressor protein, which aids in regulating atherosclerosis, and causes p53 protein degeneration. Additional studies have linked absence of p53 protein to accumulation of atherosclerosis in the body, which is the leading cause of CV events. Presented is a case of a 55-year old male …

Associations Between Genetic Variants In Mrna Splicing-Related Genes And Risk Of Lung Cancer: A Pathway-Based Analysis From Published Gwass, Yongchu Pan, Hongliang Liu, Yanru Wang, Xiaozheng Kang, Kouros Owzar, Younghun Han

Dartmouth Scholarship

mRNA splicing is an important mechanism to regulate mRNA expression. Abnormal regulation of thisprocess may lead to lung cancer. Here, we investigated the associations of 11,966 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 206 mRNA splicing-related genes with lung cancer risk by using the summarydata from six published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of Transdisciplinary Research in Cancerof the Lung (TRICL) (12,160 cases and 16,838 controls) and another two lung cancer GWASs of Harvard University (984 cases and 970 controls) and deCODE (1,319 cases and 26,380 controls). We found that a total of 12 significant SNPs with false discovery rate (FDR) ≤0.05 were mapped …

Sex-Dependent Effects Of Ho-1 Deletion From Adipocytes In Mice, Peter A. Hosick, Mary Frances Weeks, Michael W. Hankins, Kyle H. Moore, David E. Stec

Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education Scholarship and Creative Works

Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been demonstrated to decrease body weight and improve insulin sensitivity in several models of obesity in rodents. To further study the role of HO-1 in adipose tissue, we created an adipose-specific HO-1 knockout mouse model. Male and female mice were fed either a control or a high-fat diet for 30 weeks. Body weights were measured weekly and body composition, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were determined every six weeks. Adipocyte-specific knockout of HO-1 had no significant effect on body weight in mice fed a high-fat diet but increased body weight in female mice …

Utilizing Three Years Of Epidemiological Data From Medical Missions In Cambodia To Shape The Mobile Medical Clinic Formulary, Jeany Kim Jun, Junia S. Koo, Amy Y. Kang, Deborah B. Chien, Albert Shim, Dale Knutson, Eda M. Kim

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Objective: The purpose of this project was to gather epidemiological data on common diseases and medications dispensed during medical mission teams to Cambodia to shape the mobile medical clinic formulary.

Methods: Data for patients seen during week-long, mobile, medical clinics was collected in Cambodia during Septembers 2012 to 2014. Patient’s gender, age, weight, blood pressure, glucose, pertinent laboratory values, diagnoses, and medications dispensed were collected. Blood pressure and glucose were measured in patients 18 years and above. Data collected onto paper intake forms were transferred onto spreadsheets without patient identifying information and analyzed for aggregate means, common diseases, and most …

Gastrointestinal-Renal Axis: Role In The Regulation Of Blood Pressure., Jian Yang, Pedro A Jose, Chunyu Zeng

Medicine Faculty Publications

Hypertension is one of the most common and important health problems worldwide.1 It has been estimated that 29% of the world's adult population, or 1.56 billion people, will have hypertension by the year 2025.2The prevalence of high blood pressure and its adverse consequences result in a heavy burden for hypertensive patients from high‐, middle‐, and low‐income countries.2, 3 Many monogenic causes of hypertension have been reported. However, determining the causes of essential hypertension has been hampered because it is a complex disorder with genetic, epigenetic, and environmental determinants. Among numerous environmental factors, sodium intake is …

Cpt1a Methylation Is Associated With Plasma Adiponectin, S. Aslibekyan, A. N. Do, H. Xu, S. Li, M. R. Irvin, D Zhi, H. K. Tiwari, D. M. Absher, A. R. Shuldiner, T. Zhang, W. Chen, K. Tanner, C. Hong, B. D. Mitchell, G. Berenson, Donna K. Arnett

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background and Aims—Adiponectin, an adipose-secreted protein that has been linked to insulin sensitivity, plasma lipids, and inflammatory patterns, is an established biomarker for metabolic health. Despite clinical relevance and high heritability, the determinants of plasma adiponectin levels remain poorly understood.

Methods and Results—We conducted the first epigenome-wide cross-sectional study of adiponectin levels using methylation data on 368,051 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites in CD4+ T-cells from the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN, n= 991). We fit linear mixed models, adjusting for age, sex, study site, T-cell purity, and family. We have identified a positive association (regression …

Population-Based Pertussis Incidence And Risk Factors In Infants Less Than 6 Months In Nepal., Michelle M Hughes, Janet A Englund, Jane Kuypers, James M Tielsch, Subarna K Khatry, Laxman Shrestha, Steven C Leclerq, Mark Steinhoff, Joanne Katz

Global Health Faculty Publications

Background.

Pertussis is estimated to cause 2 percent of childhood deaths globally and is a growing public health problem in developed countries despite high vaccination coverage. Infants are at greatest risk of morbidity and mortality. Maternal vaccination during pregnancy may be effective to prevent pertussis in young infants, but population-based estimates of disease burden in infants are lacking, particularly in low-income countries. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of pertussis in infants less than 6 months of age in Sarlahi District, Nepal.

Methods.

Nested within a population-based randomized controlled trial of influenza vaccination during pregnancy, infants …

Emerging Roles Of Xenobiotic Detoxification Enzymes In Metabolic Diseases, Michael C. Petriello, Jessie B. Hoffman, Andrew J. Morris, Bernhard Hennig

Superfund Research Center Faculty Publications

Mammalian systems have developed extensive molecular mechanisms to protect against the toxicity of many exogenous xenobiotic compounds. Interestingly, many detoxification enzymes, including cytochrome P450s and flavin-containing monooxygenases, and their associated transcriptional activators [e.g. the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)], have now been shown to have endogenous roles in normal physiology and the pathology of metabolic diseases. This mini-review will focus on two such instances: the role of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) in the formation of the cardiometabolic disease biomarker trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and the role of AhR as a sensor of endogenous ligands such as those generated by the gut microbiota. Understanding …

Risk Factors For Chronic Diseases And Multimorbidity In A Primary Care Context Of Central Argentina: A Web-Based Interactive And Cross-Sectional Study, David E.V. Olivares, Frank R.V. Chambi, Evelyn M.M. Chañi, Winston J. Craig, Sandaly O.S. Pacheco, Fabio J. Pacheco

Faculty Publications

© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Global health agencies estimate an increase of chronic diseases in South America. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated chronic diseases and their risk factors in the perspective of multimorbidity. This research aimed to identify these aspects in a primary health care setting of central Argentina. The Pan America version of the STEP wise approach surveillance (STEPS) instrument of the World Health Organization was applied to 1044 participants, 365 men and 679 women, with a mean age of 43 years. High prevalence of overweight (33.5%), obesity (35.2%), central obesity (54%), dyslipidemia (43.5%), metabolic …

Developmental Origins Of Cardiovascular Disease: Impact Of Early Life Stress In Humans And Rodents, Margaret O. Murphy, Dianne M. Cohn, Analia S. Loria

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesizes that environmental insults during childhood programs the individual to develop chronic disease in adulthood. Emerging epidemiological data strongly supports that early life stress (ELS) given by the exposure to adverse childhood experiences is regarded as an independent risk factor capable of predicting future risk of cardiovascular disease. Experimental animal models utilizing chronic behavioral stress during postnatal life, specifically maternal separation (MatSep) provides a suitable tool to elucidate molecular mechanisms by which ELS increases the risk to develop cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. The purpose of this review is to highlight current epidemiological …

Neuroimaging Biomarkers Of Caloric Restriction On Brain Metabolic And Vascular Functions, Ai-Ling Lin, Ishita Parikh, Jared D. Hoffman, David Ma

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Purpose of Review

Non-invasive neuroimaging methods have been developed as powerful tools for identifying in vivo brain functions for studies in humans and animals. Here, we review the imaging biomarkers that are being used to determine the changes within brain metabolic and vascular functions induced by caloric restriction (CR) and their potential usefulness for future studies with dietary interventions in humans.

Recent Findings

CR causes an early shift in brain metabolism of glucose to ketone bodies and enhances ATP production, neuronal activity, and cerebral blood flow (CBF). With age, CR preserves mitochondrial activity, neurotransmission, CBF, and spatial memory. CR also …

Improving Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence In Resource-Limited Settings At Scale: A Discussion Of Interventions And Recommendations, Jessica E. Haberer, Lora Sabin, K. Rivet Amico, Catherine Orrell, Omar Galarraga, Alexander C. Tsai, Rachel C. Vreeman, Ira Wilson, Nadia A. Sam-Agudu, Terrence F. Blaschke, Bernard Vrijens, Claude Mellins, Robert H. Remien, Sheri D. Weiser, Elizabeth Lolwenthal, Michael J. Stirratt, Papa Salif Sow, Bruce Thomas, Nathan Ford, Edward Mills, Richard Lester, Jean B. Nachega, Bosco M. Bwana, Fred Ssewamala, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Paula Munderi, Elvin H. Geng, David Bangsberg

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

INTRODUCTION:

Successful population-level antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence will be necessary to realize both the clinical and prevention benefits of antiretroviral scale-up and, ultimately, the end of AIDS. Although many people living with HIV are adhering well, others struggle and most are likely to experience challenges in adherence that may threaten virologic suppression at some point during lifelong therapy. Despite the importance of ART adherence, supportive interventions have generally not been implemented at scale. The objective of this review is to summarize the recommendations of clinical, research, and public health experts for scalable ART adherence interventions in resource-limited settings.

METHODS:

In …

Research Brief: "Analysis Of Nutritional Habits And Intake Of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids In Veterans With Peripheral Arterial Disease", Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

This brief is about the nutritional intakes of veterans with peripheral arterial disease, and expands on previous studies. For policy and practice, the research shows that physicians should play a role in educating veterans about long-term effects of their nutritional intakes, and that the DoD and VHA should create an educational program about nutritional intake. Suggestions for future research include using daily or weekly food diaries to increase reporting accuracy and using a more representative sample in randomized controlled tests.

Calcium's Role As Nuanced Modulator Of Cellular Physiology In The Brain, Hilaree N. Frazier, Shaniya Maimaiti, Katie L. Anderson, Lawrence D. Brewer, John C. Gant, Nada M. Porter, Olivier Thibault

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Neuroscientists studying normal brain aging, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases have focused considerable effort on carefully characterizing intracellular perturbations in calcium dynamics or levels. At the cellular level, calcium is known for controlling life and death and orchestrating most events in between. For many years, intracellular calcium has been recognized as an essential ion associated with nearly all cellular functions from cell growth to degeneration. Often the emphasis is on the negative impact of calcium dysregulation and the typical worse-case-scenario leading inevitably to cell death. However, even high amplitude calcium transients, when executed acutely can …

A Mediterranean Diet To Improve Cardiovascular And Cognitive Health: Protocol For A Randomised Controlled Intervention Study, Alexandra T. Wade, Courtney R. Davis, Kathryn A. Dyer, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Richard J. Woodman, Hannah A.D. Keage, Karen J. Murphy

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The Mediterranean diet has demonstrated efficacy for improving cardiovascular and cognitive health. However, a traditional Mediterranean diet delivers fewer serves of dairy and less dietary calcium than is currently recommended in Australia, which may limit long-term sustainability. The present study aims to evaluate whether a Mediterranean diet with adequate dairy and calcium can improve cardiovascular and cognitive function in an at-risk population, and thereby reduce risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive decline. A randomised, controlled, parallel, crossover design trial will compare a Mediterranean diet supplemented with dairy foods against a low-fat control diet. Forty participants with systolic blood pressure …

Ux007 For The Treatment Of Long Chain-Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders: Safety And Efficacy In Children And Adults Following 24weeks Of Treatment., J Vockley, B Burton, G T Berry, N Longo, J Phillips, Pranoot Tanpaiboon, +Several Additional Authors

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC-FAOD) lead to accumulation of high concentrations of potentially toxic fatty acid intermediates. Newborn screening and early intervention have reduced mortality, but most patients continue to experience frequent hospitalizations and significant morbidity despite treatment. The deficient energy state can cause serious liver, muscle, and heart disease, and may be associated with an increased risk of sudden death. Triheptanoin is a medium odd-chain fatty acid. Anaplerotic metabolites of triheptanoin have the potential to replace deficient tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, resulting in net glucose production as a novel energy source for the treatment of LC-FAOD. …

The Battle Against Malaria: A Teachable Moment, Randy K. Schwartz

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

Malaria has been humanity’s worst public health problem throughout recorded history. Mathematical methods are needed to understand which factors are relevant to the disease and to develop counter-measures against it. This article and the accompanying exercises provide examples of those methods for use in lower- or upper-level courses dealing with probability, statistics, or population modeling. These can be used to illustrate such concepts as correlation, causation, conditional probability, and independence. The article explains how the apparent link between sickle cell trait and resistance to malaria was first verified in Uganda using the chi-squared probability distribution. It goes on to explain …

Reexamining The Hypoglycemia Fear Survey For Parents Of Young Children In A Sample Of Children Using Insulin Pumps., Susana R. Patton, Amy E. Noser, Mark A. Clements, Lawrence M. Dolan, Scott W. Powers

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: We update the psychometric properties of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-Parents of Young Children (HFS-PYC), a 26-item measure of parents' hypoglycemia fear for young children using an insulin pump.

METHODS: We combined three similar datasets for the analyses. The data analyzed included parents' responses to the HFS-PYC and a demographic form. For a subset of children (n = 91), we also analyzed self-monitoring of blood glucose data. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to confirm the measure's original factor structure. Additional analyses examined reliability and validity of a revised HFS-PYC for parents of young children using pumps.

RESULTS: We analyzed …

Use Of The Ketogenic Diet In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit-Safety And Tolerability., Lindsey M. Thompson, Erin Day Fecske, Mohammad Salim, Ara Hall

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Drug-resistant epilepsy poses a challenge in neonatal patients, especially those in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), who have various secondary comorbidities. We present results of four children with a history of drug-resistant epilepsy for whom a ketogenic diet was initiated and used in the NICU. A nonfasting induction into ketosis over 1-2 weeks was utilized, with gradual increases in the ketogenic ratio every 2-3 days. Data were collected retrospectively from a database, which included medical history, daily progress notes, relevant laboratory data, and imaging and diagnostic information. The ketogenic diet was well tolerated in all cases. The most common …

Dosing Of Education For Patients Newly Diagnosed With Multiple Sclerosis, Laura K. Miller

Student Dissertations

The value of patient education has been widely documented in various patient populations. The main focus of this study is to evaluate the timing of patient education in correlation with the time since diagnosis. The goal of this study is to make recommendations for the optimal time in which patient education should be delivered following a diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This study evaluates self-advocacy using the Patient Self-Advocacy Scale (PSAS) which was completed pre and post educational programs. This data, combined with demographic data was analyzed for any relationships. Although no statistically significant findings were established, many important trends …

Sodium-Myoinositol Cotransporter-1, Smit1, Mediates The Production Of Reactive Oxygen Species Induced By Hyperglycemia In The Heart, Anne Van Steenbergen, Magali Balteau, Audrey Ginion, Laura Ferté, Sylvain Battault, Christophe De Meester De Ravenstein, Jean-Luc Balligand, Evangelos-Panagiotis Daskalopoulos, Patrick Gilon, Florin Despa, Sanda Despa, Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde, Sandrine Horman, Hermann Koepsell, Gerard Berry, Louis Hue, Luc Bertrand, Christophe Beauloye

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Hyperglycemia (HG) stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species in the heart through activation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2). This production is independent of glucose metabolism but requires sodium/glucose cotransporters (SGLT). Seven SGLT isoforms (SGLT1 to 6 and sodium-myoinositol cotransporter-1, SMIT1) are known, although their expression and function in the heart remain elusive. We investigated these 7 isoforms and found that only SGLT1 and SMIT1 were expressed in mouse, rat and human hearts. In cardiomyocytes, galactose (transported through SGLT1) did not activate NOX2. Accordingly, SGLT1 deficiency did not prevent HG-induced NOX2 activation, ruling it out in the cellular response to …

Neurovascular Astrocyte Degeneration In The Hyperhomocysteinemia Model Of Vascular Cognitive Impairment And Dementia (Vcid), Tiffany L. Sudduth, Erica M. Weekman, Brittani Rae Price, Jennifer L. Gooch, Abigail E. Woolums, Christopher M. Norris, Donna M. Wilcock

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is the second leading cause of dementia behind Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is a frequent co-morbidity with AD. Despite its prevalence, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the cognitive dysfunction resulting from cerebrovascular disease. Astrocytic end-feet almost completely surround intraparenchymal blood vessels in the brain and express a variety of channels and markers indicative of their specialized functions in the maintenance of ionic and osmotic homeostasis and gliovascular signaling. These functions are mediated by end-foot enrichment of the aquaporin 4 water channel (AQP4), the inward rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 and the calcium-dependent …

Translational Models For Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Review Including Larger Species, Atticus H. Hainsworth, Stuart M. Allan, Johannes Boltze, Catriona Cunningham, Chad Farris, Elizabeth Head, Masafumi Ihara, Jeremy D. Isaacs, Raj N. Kalaria, Saskia A. M. J. Lesnik Oberstein, Mark B. Moss, Björn Nitzsche, Gary A. Rosenberg, Julie W. Rutten, Melita Salkovic-Petrisic, Aron M. Troen

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Disease models are useful for prospective studies of pathology, identification of molecular and cellular mechanisms, pre-clinical testing of interventions, and validation of clinical biomarkers. Here, we review animal models relevant to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). A synopsis of each model was initially presented by expert practitioners. Synopses were refined by the authors, and subsequently by the scientific committee of a recent conference (International Conference on Vascular Dementia 2015). Only peer-reviewed sources were cited.

Methods: We included models that mimic VCI-related brain lesions (white matter hypoperfusion injury, focal ischaemia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy) or reproduce VCI risk factors (old age, hypertension, …

Association Of Body Mass Index With Dna Methylation And Gene Expression In Blood Cells And Relations To Cardiometabolic Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Approach, Michael M. Mendelson, Riccardo E. Marioni, Roby Joehanes, Chunyu Liu, Åsa K. Hedman, Stella Aslibekyan, Ellen W. Demerath, Weihua Guan, Degui Zhi, Chen Yao, Tianxiao Huan, Christine Willinger, Brian Chen, Paul Courchesne, Michael Multhaup, Marguerite R. Irvin, Ariella Cohain, Eric E. Schadt, Megan L. Grove, Jan Bressler, Kari North, Johan Sundström, Stefan Gustafsson, Sonia Shah, Allan F. Mcrae, Sarah E. Harris, Jude Gibson, Paul Redmond, Janie Corley, Lee Murphy, Donna K. Arnett

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background

The link between DNA methylation, obesity, and adiposity-related diseases in the general population remains uncertain.

Methods and Findings

We conducted an association study of body mass index (BMI) and differential methylation for over 400,000 CpGs assayed by microarray in whole-blood-derived DNA from 3,743 participants in the Framingham Heart Study and the Lothian Birth Cohorts, with independent replication in three external cohorts of 4,055 participants. We examined variations in whole blood gene expression and conducted Mendelian randomization analyses to investigate the functional and clinical relevance of the findings. We identified novel and previously reported BMI-related differential methylation at 83 CpGs …

Recurrent Pneumonia Among Japanese Adults: Disease Burden And Risk Factors, Tomoko Ishifuji, Eiichiro Sando, Norihiro Kaneko, Motoi Suzuki, Paul E. Kilgore, Koya Ariyoshi, Konosuke Morimoto, Naoto Hosokawa, Makito Yaegashi, Masahiro Aoshima, Adult Pneumonia Study Group - Japan (Apsg-J)

Department of Pharmacy Practice

Background: In Japan and other societies with rapidly aging populations, recurrent pneumonia (RP) is a major clinical problem yet only limited information exists regarding the burden of this disease.

Methods: A prospective study of adult pneumonia was conducted to investigate the incidence of RP and potential risk factors. From February 1, 2012 to January 31, 2013, patients aged ≥ 15 years who were diagnosed with pneumonia were prospectively enrolled in a representative community hospital located in central Japan. Patients were followed for one-year to evaluate the recurrence of pneumonia and characteristics associated with RP. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed …

Human Papillomavirus (Hpv): Current Status & Controversies, Ada Jalice

All Publications

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Measured And Self-Reported Blood Pressure Status Among Low-Income Housing Residents In New York City, James H. Williams Ab, Dustin T. Duncan Scd, Jonathan Cantor Ms, Brian Elbel Phd Mph, Gbenga Ogedegbe Md Ms Mph, Joseph Ravenell Md Ms

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Self-report is widely used to measure hypertension prevalence in population-based studies, but there is little research comparing self-report with measured blood pressure among low-income populations. The objective of this study was to compare self-reported and measured blood pressure status among a sample of low-income housing residents in New York City (n=118). We completed a cross-sectional analysis comparing self-report with measured blood pressure status. We determined the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of each self-report metric. Of the sample, 68.1% was Black, 71.1% had a household income under $25,000/year, and 28.5% did not complete high school. In our study, …