Digital Commons Network^™

A Study Of Denitrosation Of N-Nitroso Compounds By Irradiation With Long-Wavelength Uv Light, Zhenyu J. Wang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

N-Nitrosamines and N-nitrosamides have been reported to be mutagenic. N-Nitrosamides are direct mutagens that need no activation to be mutagenic, whereas N-nitrosamines need to be enzymatically activated to exert their mutagenicity. Oxidative demethylation of nitrosamines is a commonly accepted activation mechanism. Another pathway of nitroso compounds, denitrosation, has recently been proposed. The mechanism of denitrosation, however, is still unknown.

The purpose of this study was to use a photo -reaction model to explore the possible denitrosation mechanism of N-nitroso compounds. An N-nitrosamine, N-nitrosomorpholi ne (NMOR), and an N-nitrosamide, N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine (MMNG), were irradiated with long-wavelength UV light in the presence of …

Total Maximum Daily Loads And Waste Load Allocations For Las Vegas Bay: Rationale And Calulations, State Of Nevada: Division Of Environmental Protection

Publications (WR)

In September 1987 the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection revised Water Quality Standards for Las Vegas Wash (LVW) and Lake Mead. Standards were set for chlorophyll-a and unionized ammonia in Las Vegas Bay (LVB) (NDEP 1987). The 1986 and 1987 LVB data showed non-achievement of both the chlorophyll-a and unionized ammonia standard which triggered an analysis of total phosphorus and total ammonia Total Maximum Daily Loads and Waste Load Allocations which are presented in this report. This report is separated into three sections: 1. 1987 Las Vegas Bay Water Quality Conditions and Seasonal Periodicity. 2. Concentration Estimates at Northshore Road …

Identification Of A Variant Form Of The Human Estrogen Receptor With An Amino Acid Replacement, T. Garcia, M. Sanchez, J. L. Cox, P. A. Shaw, J. B. A. Ross, S. Lehrer, B. Schachter

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Estrogen receptor (ER) is a ligand-dependent transcriptional regulator. ER protein has several functionally distinct regions, including a DNA-binding domain in its midportion, a ligand binding domain in the carboxy terminal region, and at least one domain, in the amino terminal region, that influences the magnitude of transcriptional enhancement (1,2). We now report the sequence of a frequently occurring ER genetic variant that carries two point mutations in the region of the gene encoding the amino terminal domain of the protein.

Analysis Of The Potential Energy Surface Of Ar–Nh3, G. Chalasinski, S. M. Cybulski, M. M. Szczesniak, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The combination of supermolecular Møller–Plesset treatment with the perturbation theory of intermolecular forces is applied in the analysis of the potential energy surface of Ar–NH₃. Anisotropy of the self‐consistent field (SCF) potential is determined by the first‐order exchange repulsion. Second‐order dispersion energy, the dominating attractive contribution, is anisotropic in the reciprocal sense to the first‐order exchange, i.e., minima in one nearly coincide with maxima in the other. The estimated second‐order correlation correction to the exchange effect is nearly as large as a half ΔE^SCF in the minimum and has a ‘‘smoothing’’ effect on the anisotropy of …

Intensive Animal Industries In The Peel-Harvey Catchment, R W. Payne

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The Swan coastal plain to the north and south of Perth is attractive for the intensive production of pigs and poultry for several reasons. It is close to markets, feed manufacturers and labour; has a less extreme climate than inland areas; and is underlain by a large reserve of high quality groundwater.

Because these are all intensive operations, large quantaties of nutrient-rich waste are produced over a very small area. They can severely damage ground and surface waters unless steps are taken to control the wastes which they produce.

This article oulines both the nature of intensive aniamal industries in …

Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies Of Lithium Binding And Transport In Human Erythrocytes, Maryceline Tiausas Espanol

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Binding And Transport Properties Of Lithium In Red Cells From Hypertensive Patients And Normotensive Controls, Ravichandran Ramasamy

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Synthesis And Study Of N-(4-Nitrobenzofurazan)-Monoaza-18-Crown-6: A Metal Sensitive Fluorophore, Shelley A. Krause

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Residual Influence Of Macronutrient Enrichment On The Aquatic Food Web Of An Okefenokee Swamp Abandoned Bird Rookery, J. Douglas Oliver, Steven A. Schoenberg

Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present evidence for residual nutrient enrichment of diverse components of a blackwater marsh, by a biotic component of the ecosystem itself. Thousands of nesting white ibis (Eudocimus albus) that foraged over a 20-km radius fertilized a rookery with guano within Okefenokee Swamp. Georgia. USA. One to two yr after the birds abandoned it. this marsh showed continued enrichment effects. Elevated available phosphorus in sediments, as measured by equilibrium phosphate concentration, contributed to enhanced biomass of phytoplankton in the overlying water column. Planktivorous fish were greater in biomass than at reference sites. Experimental phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization of enclosures at …

Morning Increase In Onset Of Ischemic Stroke, John R. Marler, Thomas R. Price, Gregory L. Clark, James E. Muller, Thomas Robertson, Jay P. Mohr, Daniel B. Hìer, Philip A. Wolf, Louis R. Caplan, Mary A. Foulkes

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Time of Onset of Ischemic Stroke Was Determined for 1,167 of 1,273 Patients during the Collection of Data by Four Academic Hospital Centers between June 30, 1983, and June 30, 1986. More Strokes Occurred in Awake Patients from 10:00 Am to Noon Than during Any Other 2-Hour Interval. the Incidence of Stroke Onset Declined Steadily during the Remainder of the Day and Early Evening. the Onset of Stroke is Least Likely to Occur in the Late Evening, Before Midnight. © 1989 American Heart Association, Inc.

Cultivar Evaluation On Low Rainfall Heavy Textured Soils., Bradley Nutt

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

a. Trial 88GE34

Cultivar evaluation in machine sown plots.
Location: NMRS

The higher seed yield of Serena compared to the other cultivars resulted in better early forage .production as well a legume dominated pasture.

b. Trial 88TS 63 and 88TS 65

Wheat yields following pastures.
Location: 88TS63 - Perenjori and 88TS65 - Three Springs.

There was no response to nitrogen in either biological yield or grain yield of wheat sown over volunteer based pasture at the Three Springs site. All pasture treatments resulted in similar wheat yields except for Sava because of poor control of the snail medic under the …

The Chemistry Of Sulfonyl Fluorides: Sf5 And/Or So2f Containing Compounds As Precursors To Sulfonic Acids, Robin Joyce Terjeson

Dissertations and Theses

Sulfonyl fluoride systems and their derivatives, RS0₂F, where R represents hydrocarbon/fluorocarbon moieties continue to be of considerable interest. The incorporation of the sulfonyl fluoride group (S0₂F) into molecular systems can lead to compounds that are useful as ion-exchange resins, surface active agents, fuel cell electrolytes, and strong sulfonic acids/salts.

Interest in preparing SF₅ containing sulfonyl fluorides led to the synthesis of the ᵝ-sultone, SF₅CHCF₂0S0₂, and its rearranged product. Hydrolysis of the sultone gave SF₅CH₂S0₂F which led to the sulfonic acid and salt, SF …

Chemical Modification Of Skeletal Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Vesicles: A Study Of Calcium Permeability, Janice F. Stuart

Dissertations and Theses

Skeletal muscle contains an internal membrane system called the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) whose function is to regulate the Ca²⁺ concentration of the myoplasm. Ca²⁺ is transported into the SR from the myoplasm via a Ca²⁺ dependent ATPase thus lowering the myoplasmic Ca²⁺ concentration. Ca²⁺ exits from the SR via a Ca²⁺ releqse pathway resultingin the increase of myoplasmic Ca²⁺. Muscles contract when the myoplasmic Ca²⁺ concentration is > 5 uM and relax when the Ca²⁺ concentration is lowered below 1 uM. The Ca²⁺ dependent ATPase has been extensively studied but …

Reactions Of Substituted Pyridinium Salts With Cyanide; Formation And Metal Complexes Of 2,2'Bis (Hydroxymethyl)-4,-4'Bipyridine, Dorothy N. Eseonu

Theses and Dissertations

The unique combination of properties of bipyridinium salts and their use in biological systems, chemical reactions, and as herbicides in agriculture have made them a discovery of major international importance. The controversy about the position of attack of the cyanide ion on the pyridine ring and the discovery of the formation of unsubstituted bipyridinium salts from the reaction of pyridinium salt with cyanide ion opened a new area of research. The current work involved a study of reactions of substituted pyridinium salts with cyanide ion. The substituted pyridinium salts were prepared by the literature methods. The 2- and 3- cyanopyridinium …

Synthesis Of N And C Nucleosides Via Cycloaddition Reactions A New Approach To An Old Problem, Glenn L. Heise

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Anti-Cancer Action Of Metal Complexes: Electron Transfer And Oxidative Stress?, Peter Kovacic, William J. Popp, James R. Ames, Michael D. Ryan

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Evidence is presented in support of an electron transfer mechanism for various metal complexes possessing anti-neoplastic properties. Cyclic voltammetry was performed on several metallocenes, bis(acetato)bis(imidazole)Cu(II), and coordination compounds (Cu or Fe) of the anti-tumor agents, bipyridine, phenanthroline, hydroxyurea, diethyldithiocarbamate, and α, α¹-bis(8-hydroxyquinolin-7-yl)-4-methoxytoluene. The favorable reduction potentials ranged from +0.5 to -0.5 V. Electrochemical behavior is correlated in some cases with structure and physiological activity. Relevant literature data are discussed.

Sulfide In Surface Waters Of The Western Atlantic Ocean, Gregory A. Cutter, Christian F. Krahforst

OES Faculty Publications

Using newly developed techniques, some preliminary data on hydrogen sulfide in surface waters of the western Atlantic have been obtained. Concentrations of total sulfide range from <0.1 to 1.1 nmol/L, and vary on a diel basis. At these concentrations, sulfide may affect the cycling of several trace metals via the formation of stable complexes. Production of sulfide in oxygenated seawater may occur through the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide or by sulfate reduction within macroscopic particles in the water column. Removal mechanisms can include oxidation, complexation with particulate trace metals, and metal sulfide precipitation. However, the temporal and spatial distributions suggest a complex set of processes governing the behavior of sulfide in the surface ocean.

Interactions Of Water-Soluble Metalloporphyrins With Nucleic Acids Studied By Resonance Raman Spectroscopy, Jinghua H. Schneider, Junichi Odo, Kazuo Nakamoto

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

The resonance Raman spectra of water-soluble porphyrins, M(TMpy-P4) (M = Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(III)) and their mixtures with poly(dG-dC)₂, poly(dA-dT)₂ and calf thymus and salmon DNAs were measured using a divided rotating cell to determine the magnitudes of frequency shift and intensity variation resulting from M(TMpy-P4)-nucleic acid interactions. Bands II(Cβ-H bending, ˜ 1100 cm-1) and VIII(Cβ-Cβ stretch, ˜ 1570 cm-1) show a large and small upward shift, respectively, when Cu(TMpy-P4) and Ni(TMpy-P4) are intercalated at the G-C sites. In contrast, these bands show a small upward and downward shift, respectively, when Co(TMpy-P4) is groove-bound at the A-T …

Inulin-125I-Tyramine, An Improved Residualizing Label For Studies On Sites Of Catabolism Of Circulating Proteins, Janet L. Maxwell, John W. Baynes, Suzanne R. Thorpe

Faculty Publications

Residualizing labels for protein, such as dilactitol-125I-tyramine (125I-DLT) and cellobiitol-125I-tyramine, have been used to identify the tissue and cellular sites of catabolism of long-lived plasma proteins, such as albumin, immunoglobulins, and lipoproteins. The radioactive degradation products formed from labeled proteins are relatively large, hydrophilic, resistant to lysosomal hydrolases, and accumulate in lysosomes in the cells involved in degradation of the carrier protein. However, the gradual loss of the catabolites from cells (t1/2 approximately 2 days) has limited the usefulness of residualizing labels in studies on longer lived proteins. We describe here a higher molecular weight (Mr approximately 5000), more efficient …

Optimization Of The Tungstic Acid Denuder Technique For The Measurement Of Atmospheric Ammonia, Patricia Diane Roberts

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Measurement of - atmospheric ammonia with the tungstic acid denuder technique is discussed. Characterization of denuder tubes for manual sampling in terms of, repeatability, reliability and the development of ammonia blank signals was determined. Field testing of the manual sampling apparatus was performed at ground test sites and in a biomass burn smoke plume. Ammonia emissions from biomass burning are discussed.

Enantiomeric Resolution And Chiral Recognition Of Racemic Nicotine And Nicotine Analogues By Β-Cyclodextrin Complexation: Structure-Enantiomeric Resolution Relationships In Host-Guest Interactions, Jeffrey I. Seeman, Henry V. Secor, Daniel W. Armstrong, Karen D. Timmons, Timothy J. Ward

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

High-performance liquid chromatography using β-cyclodextrin bonded phases was examined for the enantiomeric separation of racemic nicotine and 19 racemic nicotine analogues. Ten pairs of enantiomers were separated by this technique. This represents the first reported facile and direct separation of these racemates. Effects of pH, mobile phase composition, and structural features of the substrates (i.e., position and size of substituents, presence of pyrrolidine ring or hydrogen bonding functionalities, basicity) on the enantioselectivity are examined. Various structural aspects of the compounds were related to retention to the cyclodextrln-modlfied support and to the enantiomeric separations observed. Implications of this work to host-guest …

The Synthesis And Evaluation Of 5-Phenyloxazolidines As Potential Cardiovascular Drugs, Tammy C. Wang

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Drugs such as adrenoceptor antagonists and certain centrally acting agents are known to lower blood pressure and thus serve as clinically useful antihypertensive agents. Norepinephrine 4, a natural ∝-adrenoceptor agonist, is the major agent associated with increased blood pressure in the periphery. Based on a careful structure-activity comparison, a series of substituted oxazolidines, 20, 21, 22 and 23, have been designed as possible antihypertensive candidates. Specifically, 22 and 23 have been synthesized to serve as potential norepinephrine antagonists.

Preliminary evaluation of these compounds indicated that they were not antihypertensive in nature. The more active compound, 23, …

The Effect Of Preozonation On The Anaerobic Biodegradability Of Resistant Phenolic Compounds, Yi-Tin Wang, Pin-Chieh Pai, James L. Latchew

KWRRI Research Reports

Ozone pretreatment studies of four model phenolic compounds were conducted to evaluate the effects of ozonation on the anaerobic biodegradability and toxicity of these compounds. Two types of batch studies, the Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) and the Anaerobic Toxicity Assay (ATA), were performed on samples ozonated upon phenol, o-cresol, 2,5-dichlorophenol, and 2,4-dinitrophenol.

Experimental results showed that toxic and refractory phenolic compounds were converted to methane gas by means of preozonation. In general, the biodegradable fraction of the oxidation products increased as the ozone dose was increased. However, ozonation to achieve at least 60% COD reduction was necessary to faciliate methane …

Oxidative Degradation Of Glucose Adducts To Protein: Formation Of 3-(NE-Lysino)-Lactic Acid From Model Compounds And Glycated Proteins, Mahtab U. Ahmed, John A. Dunn, Michael D. Walla, Suzanne R. Thorpe, John W. Baynes

Faculty Publications

The chemistry of Maillard or browning reactions of glycated proteins is being studied in model systems in vitro in order to characterize potential reaction pathways and products in biological systems. In previous work with the Amadori rearrangement product N alpha-formyl-N epsilon-fructoselysine (fFL), an analog of glycated lysine residues in proteins, we showed that fFL was oxidatively cleaved between C-2 and C-3 of the carbohydrate chain to yield N epsilon-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and D-erythronic acid. We then detected CML in proteins glycated in vitro, as well as in human lens proteins and collagen in vivo (Ahmed, M. U., Thorpe, S. R., and …

A Cytochemical Study Of The Transcriptional And Translational Regulation Of Nuclear Transition Protein 1 (Tp1), A Major Chromosomal Protein Of Mammalian Spermatids, Mohammad A. Heidaran, Richard M. Showman, Wilson Stephen Kistler

Faculty Publications

Immunocytochemical localization and in situ hybridization techniques were used to investigate the presence of spermatid nuclear transition protein 1 (TP1) and its mRNA during the various stages of spermatogenesis in the rat. A specific antiserum to TP1 was raised in a rabbit and used to show that TP1 is immunologically crossreactive among many mammals including humans. During spermatogenesis the protein appears in spermatids as they progress from step 12 to step 13, a period in which nuclear condensation is underway. The protein is lost during step 15. An asymmetric RNA probe generated from a TP1 cDNA clone identified TP1 mRNA …

Synthetic Studies Toward Key Portions Of The Didemnins, Ok-Soon Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three different synthetic approaches toward N-[(2SR, 4S) - 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-oxohexanoyl]-Lleucine methyl esters were carried out by use of i) aldol condensation and amination ii) Claisen condensation and soft acid coupling reaction iii) methylation of Hia-Leu derivative in relatively high yields. (4S)-3-[(2SR, 4S)-2,5-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxo-4-(methoxyethoxy-methyloxy)hexyl]-4-(1-methyletheyl-2-oxazolidinone was prepared by the reaction of aldol condensation of lithium enolate of Evans' chiral auxilary in 80:20 diastereomeric ratio. A new method for the synthesis of (4S)-4-(t-butoxycarbonyl)amino-5-methyl-3-oxoheptanoic acid ethyl ester (Statone) was developed by the reaction of Boc-leucine with Meldrum's acid, followed by transesterification and decarboxylation in modest yield. Other a-amino acids also were applied to this methodology in …

Interactions Of Vanadium Compounds With Reducing Equivalents: Evidence Of Free Radical Involvement And Possible Mechanisms Of Toxicity, Randal J. Keller

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Vanadium compounds have been reported to cause numerous toxicological effects including NAD(P)H oxidation and lipid peroxidation. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the active form of vanadium in causing these effects, and to determine any possible free radical involvement in these processes. Vanadium-stimulated oxidation of NADH was studied spectrophotometrically and by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. In 25 mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7. 4, vanadyl, (V(IV)), is slightly more effective in stimulating NADH oxidation than was vanadate (V(V)). Addition of a superoxide generating system, xanthine/xanthine oxidase, results in a marked increase in NADH oxidation by vanadyl, and …

Structure-Activity Relationships Of Retinoids In Developmental Toxicology, W. Brian Howard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The teratogenic potency of retinoid analogs was determined in Syrian hamsters and compared to the teratogenic potency of all-trans-retinoic acid (all-trans-RA, ED₅₀ = 10.5 mg/kg). A total of 15 analogs having variations in the cyclohexene ring were evaluated following various amounts of single oral doses on day 8 of gestation. Retinoids containing a five- or six-membered ring were as teratogenic as all-trans-RA, provided they had sufficient lipophilic substituents on the ring. The same pattern emerged for retinoids that had six-membered aromatic ring substitution for the natural cyclohexene ring of vitamin A. Incorporation of a supplementary …

Use Of 52Cr For The Quantitative Determination Of Red Cell Volume, Claude Michael Hanbury

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Chromium-52 has recently been suggested for use as a new agent to label red cells for the in vivo quantitation of red cell volume (1). In this paper, the development and validation of a routine ⁵²cr labeling procedure is described.

The accuracy, precision, and detection limits of chromium analysis by Zeeman effect atomic absorption spectroscopy was evaluated in the concentration range of 1 - 10 ug Cr/L.

Red cell chromium uptake was evaluated as a function of time, temperature, and concentration. Red cells labeled with a 2.5 mg/L chromium solution for 30 minutes at room temperature exhibited optimal label …

Reactions Of Aqueous Chlorine In The Gastric Fluid Of The Rat, Michael Gary Nickelsen

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Gastric fluid was recovered from Sprague-Dawley rats that had been fasted for 24 hr or 48 hr and administered 4 mL deionized water. The protein, carbohydrate and chloride ion content of the gastric fluid was determined.

When gastric fluid is chlorinated with radiolabeled chlorine to concentrations between 323 and 375 mg/L, analyzed by high performance chromatography followed by liquid scintillation counting, as much as 59% of the radiolabeled chlorine was associated with organic components of the gastric fluid.

Model studies with the aromatic amino acids and the protein pepsin showed the formation of chlorinated analogs. Two chlorinated amino acid derivatives …