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Suspended Particulate Matter And Sediment Of Penobscot Estuary, Craig M. Pochini

Honors Theses

An automated scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectrometer was used to gather morphological and chemical information on individual particles from the suspended particulate matter of the Penobscot Estuary and the sediment of Goose Cove/Pond. The goals of the Penobscot Estuary study were to investigate the transport of particles into and through an estuary, the speciation of elements, the abundance of heavy metals, and the background levels of heavy metals. The majority of particles were aluminosilicates originating from a riverine source. Heavy metals were not abundant in the Penobscot Estuary. The objectives of the Goose Cove/Pond study were to …

A Chemical Extraction Study Of Lead Contaminated Soil From Granite City, Il, Yan Zhang

Masters Theses

Granite City, IL, surface soil ( 0-10 cm ) contaminated with lead was studied by both single- and a four-step sequential chemical extraction procedures designed to establish the partitioning, mobility and availability of lead in soil. The five fractions corresponding to the selected extractants were exchangeable, carbonates-bound, Fe-Mn oxides bound, organic matter and residual. Lead contamination of the soil was determined as a function of particle size and soil depth.

The contaminated sample had the highest lead content of 573.1 mg/kg at the 4 cm soil depth level, and on average was about 8.8 times that of background soil. Most …

Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposited Diamond Tips For Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Sacharia Albin, Jianli Zheng, John B. Cooper, Weihai Fu, Arnel C. Lavarias

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Diamond microparticles were grown on etched tungsten wires using a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition process. The apexes on cubo-octahedral particles bound by {100} and {111} facets were effectively used as tunneling tips for scanning tunneling microscopy. The atomically resolved surface image of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite was acquired. Tunneling characteristics revealed a higher electron emission from the diamond tips than that from the platinum–iridium tips. The same diamond tips were used to produce surface indentation and its image. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Glycals : An Extended Study Of The Ferrier-Dimerization, Andreas H. Franz

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

C-linked disaccharides were synthesized from 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal 1 (1,5- anhydro-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-1,2-dideoxy-D-arabino-hex-I-enopyranose), 3,4,6-tri-O- acetyl-D-galactal 2 (1,5-anhydro-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-1,2-dideoxy-D-lyxo-hex-1- enopyranose) and 3,4-di-O-acetyl-L-fucal 3 (1,5-anhydro-3,4-di-O-acetyl-1,2,6-tri-deoxy- L-lyxo-hex-1-enopyranose) under Lewis acid catalysis (Scheme 1) and compound 4 was further derivatized at the double bond. Dihydroxylation of the glucose dimer 4 gave high allo-diastereoselectivity. The reactions used in the derivatization of 1 were subsequently applied to 2 and 3. The overall yield of 3 was improved to 70 %. All three glycals (10% solution in toluene) reacted quickly with boron trifluoride to give dimerization products in 40-60% yield. Futile attempts at de-O-acetylation of the 2',3'-unsaturated dimer revealed the necessity of …

Novel Palladium (Ii) Catalysts For Asymmetric Synthesis, Arab El-Qisairi

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies Of Anion Binding To Copper, Zinc-Superoxide Dismutase, And Of Lithium Transport And Binding In Cultured Neuroblastoma Cells, Cherian Zachariah

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Development Of Crosslinking Reagents, And Intra- And Intermolecular Multi-Linking Hemoglobin Molecules As Potential Blood Substitutes, Yaguo Zheng

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

A Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Study Of Cesium And Chloride Distribution In Human Erythrocyte Suspensions, Wanrong Lin

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Asymmetric Synthesis By Palladium (Ii) Catalysis: Chirality Transfer And New A Symmetric Catalytic System, Othman Hamed

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Competition Between Li+ And Mg2+ For Human Rbcmembrane Phospholipids And Guanine Nucleotide Binding Proteins, Chandra Srinivasan

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Ionic Interaction Studies Of Bovine Copper, Zinc-Superoxide Dismutase, Hanan A. Hasan

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Molecular Dynamics Of The Hammerhead Ribozyme, Vasant T. Gandhi

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Molecular Dynamics Of Crosslinked And Normal Hemoglobins, Liang Zhao

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

The Application Of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (Maldi Tof Ms) For Dna Adducts And Cross-Linked Hemoglobin Analysis, Xiaomei Gu

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Perinatal Exposure To Cocaine On Sexually Differentiated Gonadotropin Regulation In Rats, Jihun M. Lee

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

N-Methylbenzothiazole-2(3H)-Selone, C8H7Nsse, Steinar Husebye, Sergey V. Lindeman, Martin D. Rudd

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

The crystal structure of N-methyl1,3-benzothiazole-2(3H)-selone, (mbts) has been studied to estimate the changes in the molecular geometry of the mbts ligand upon coordination. Hypervalent complexes of mbts with Te^II and I^I have been studied by us previously. A significant elongation of the Se=C bond [from 1.817 (7) in mbts to 1.85-1.88 Å in the complexes] was found, but there were no significant changes in the other geometric parameters of the ligand. The only other bond-length decrease of note was for SeC-NMe [from 1.35 (1) in mbts to 1.32-1.34 Å in the complexes]. Thus, only the …

A Study Of The Behavior Of Chlorine And Organic Compounds During Combustion In An Afbc System, Jenny Heidbrink

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study is to understand the behavior of chlorine and the emission of organic compounds during combustion in an atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) system. Inefficient, uncontrolled use of coal gives rise to organic emissions which can be detrimental to health. The chlorine in coal may cause corrosion problems during utilization, if its concentration is high enough. The method for collection of the emissions of organic compounds involved the use of a Tenax resin as an absorbent for the organic compounds as they were emitted from the combustor. A combined gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique …

The Biodegradation Characteristics Of Proposed Fuel Systems Icing Inhibitors (Fsii), Charles E. Meshako

Theses and Dissertations

The biodegradation characteristics of three fuel system icing ihhibitors (FSII) were evaluated. FSII are jet fuel additives that partition into water readily and are present in the water drained from storage tank bottoms in concentrations approaching 40%. These concentrations raise concerns as to the disposal and handling of these wastes. The current FSII, DiEGME was evaluated along with two new candidates, dipropylene glycol and glycerol formal. DiEGME appeared to be moderately but not completely biodegradable. It is likely that much of it would be removed in a wastewater treatment plant. Dipropylene glycol only showed signs of degradation after more than …

Side Chain Effect On Micellarly Catalyzed Hydrolysis Of Hydroxamic Acids In Perfluorooctanoic Acid Environment, A.C. Menik Fernando

Masters Theses

The side chain effect on micellar catalysis of hydroxamic acids with perfluorooctanoic acid as the reactive counterion surfactant in aqueous acetonitrile solution has been demonstrated in this thesis.

The rate constant-surfactant concentration profiles were used to estimate the critical micelle concentration and the second order rate constant for hydrolysis in the aqueous bulk phase.

The pseudo-phase ion exchange model satisfactorily explains the surfactant effect. The second order rate constants in the aqueous bulk phase show a direct relationship with steric substituent constants. The major influence of the change in micellar catalysis is the location in the micelle where the substrate …

The Effect Of Chromium Compounds On The Mutagenic Rate Of Benzo[A]Pyrenediolepoxide In Human Fibroblasts, Yordanos Tesfai

Masters Theses

Cancer researchers are interested in identifying the environmental causes and synergistic influences of different chemical carcinogens in order to decrease the risk of cancer. There are numerous studies which have investigated the effect of individual carcinogens but relatively few in which a well defined mixture of chemicals have been used. The present study was performed to examine the effect of chromium compounds on benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide (BPDE) induced cytotoxicity and mutagenicity in human fibroblasts. Cytotoxicity was measured by the ability to fonn colonies while selection of 6-thioguanine resistant mutants were used to study mutagenesis in human fibroblasts.

Our results indicate that …

Rapid Method For Determination Of Iodine Numbers Of Vegetable Oils, Ondrej Hendl

Masters Theses

There is a great deal of interest by the public about the total unsaturation of fats and oils used in commercial products as an indication of nutritional value. Dealers in fats and oils are extremely interested in characterizing these products. The unsaturation is a guide to the expected stability of food additives, such as edible oils and foods in which they are used. Unsaturation is typically evaluated as an iodine number (IN), calculated for these additives based on their consumption of iodine through addition across the carbon-carbon double bonds. The classical titration method can typically take 45 minutes.

The investigation …

Inhomogeneity In Gelation And Nonuniversality Of Sol-To-Gel Transitions Studied By A Computer Simulation Model, Yi-Min Liu, R.B. Pandey

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Modeling Marine Exposure To Polychlorinated Biphenyls From Sunken Ships, Charles N. Wendt

Theses and Dissertations

In the past, the U.S. Navy has routinely conducted SINKing EXercises (SINKEX) for training, weapon effectiveness tests, and economic disposal of aging assets. Recent concern over polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) chemicals aboard such target vessels has resulted in a suspension of SINKEX. The U.S. Navy has approximately 200 vessels currently requiring such disposal. Environmental legislation and health concerns preclude selling such vessels to foreign governments or scrapping. This work attempted to model the fate and transport of these PCBs by examining their transport to coastal water and their accumulation in the marine food chain. The model includes biodegradation, upwelling, partitioning of …

New Enantioselective Lewis Acid Catalysts, Mustafa Guzel

All Theses

Recently, many organic chemists have been ultimately interested in research in the synthesis of enantiomerically pure organics which are useful to synthesis of biologically active agents and prodrug substances. In the past decades, the new concepts in catalyst design unexpectedly explored the direction of natural product synthesis. In many cases, using enantioselective catalysts are the most suitable and efficient method into enantiopure systems.

Studies Of Electrochemical Behaviors Of Cytochrome C On Pretreated Gold Electrode, Jin Luo, Lingling Wu, Shaohua Huang, Zhonghua Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

The quasi reversible responses of both adsorbed and bulk cytochrome c at the pretreated gold electrode are observed. The adsorption behaviors and reaction kinetics have been studied using in situ FTIR spectroscopy, UV/Vis reflection spectroscopy, voltammetry, AC impedance and potential step methods. The results show that the cytochrome c can irreversibly adsorb on the gold surface in a complete monolayer and the adsorbed layer can mediate the redox reaction of the cytochrome c in the solution in the absence of promoter.

Protein-Protein And Protein-Dna Interactions At The Bacteriophage T4 Dna Replication Fork. Characterization Of A Fluorescently Labeled Dna Polymerase Sliding Clamp, Daniel J. Sexton, Theodore E. Carver, Anthony J. Berdis, Stephen J. Benkovic

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The T4 DNA polymerase holoenzyme is composed of the polymerase enzyme complexed to the sliding clamp (the 45 protein), which is loaded onto DNA by an ATP-dependent clamp loader (the 44/62 complex). This paper describes a new method to directly investigate the mechanism of holoenzyme assembly using a fluorescently labeled cysteine mutant of the 45 protein. This protein possessed unaltered function yet produced substantial changes in probe fluorescence intensity upon interacting with other components of the holoenzyme. These fluorescence changes provide insight into the role of ATP hydrolysis in holoenzyme assembly. Using either ATP or the non-hydrolyzable ATP analog, adenosine …

The Carboxyl Terminus Of The Bacteriophage T4 Dna Polymerase Is Required For Holoenzyme Complex Formation, Anthony J. Berdis, Patrice Soumillion, Stephen J. Benkovic

Chemistry Faculty Publications

To further elucidate the mechanism and dynamics of bacteriophage T4 holoenzyme formation, a mutant polymerase in which the last six carboxyl-terminal amino acids are deleted, was constructed, overexpressed, and purified to homogeneity. The mutant polymerase, designated ΔC6 exo−, is identical to wild-type exo− polymerase with respect to kcat, kpol, and dissociation constants for nucleotide and DNA substrate. However, unlike wild-type exo− polymerase, the ΔC6 exo− polymerase is unable to interact with the 45 protein to form the stable holoenzyme. A synthetic polypeptide corresponding to the carboxyl terminus of the wild-type exo− polymerase was tested as an in vitro inhibitor of …

Fisheries Research Report No 107 - Chemical Composition Of Yabbies (Cherax Albidus Clark 1936) From Western Australian Farm Dams, Kevin A. Francesconi, Noel M. Morrissy

Fisheries Research Reports

Proximate analyses, amino acid and fatty acid profiles, mineral composition and heavy metal and pesticide residues have been determined for tail muscle from Cherax albidus Clark 1936 (the yabby), sampled from Western Australian farm dams. The proximate analysis values for water, protein, ash, carbohydrate and energy content and the amino acid and fatty acid profiles of yabby tail muscle were similar to those reported for other decapods. Fat levels were low and, hence, cholesterol was very low in tail meat. Organochlorine pesticides were undetectable and heavy metal residues were well below maximum permitted concentrations for human consumption.

Mechanism Of Signal Suppression By Anionic Surfactants In Capillary Electrophoresis-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Kimber L. Rundlett, Daniel W. Armstrong

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Micellar-mediated capillary electrophoresis (CE) is used for a wide variety of applications, including the separation of pharmaceuticals, environmental contaminants, illicit drugs, DNA fragments, and many other biological samples. The electrospray ionization interface is one of the most common CE-MS interfaces. Coupling micellar-mediated CE separations with MS detection combines two very powerful, widely applicable analytical techniques. Some types of surfactants strongly interfere with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) detection of analytes, and in many cases the ESI-MS analyte signals are completely quenched. Only a few reports have appeared that describe the ESI-MS detection of analytes in the presence of surfactants; however, …

Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared Studies Of Large-Scale Laboratory Biomass Fires, Robert J. Yokelson, David W. T. Griffith, Darold E. Ward

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

A series of nine large-scale, open fires was conducted in the Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory (IFSL) controlled-environment combustion facility. The fuels were pure pine needles or sagebrush or mixed fuels simulating forest-floor, ground fires; crown fires; broadcast burns; and slash pile burns. Mid-infrared spectra of the smoke were recorded throughout each fire by open path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at 0.12 cm⁻¹ resolution over a 3 m cross-stack pathlength and analyzed to provide pseudocontinuous, simultaneous concentrations of up to 16 compounds. Simultaneous measurements were made of fuel mass loss, stack gas temperature, and total mass flow up the …