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Analysis Of Benzo(A)Pyrene-Induced Gene Expression Changes In Fisher 344 Rat Liver By Affymetrix Microarray And Quantitative Real-Time Pcr, Alhaji Umar N’Jai

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Structural Mimicry In Class A G Protein-Coupled Receptor Rotamer Toggle Switches, Sean D. Mcallister, Dow P. Hurst, Judy Barnett-Norris, Diane L. Lynch, Patricia H. Reggio, Mary E. Abood

Faculty Articles

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a CB₁ TMH3-4-5-6 aromatic microdomain, which includes F3.25(190), F3.36(201), W5.43(280), and W6.48(357), is centrally involved in CB₁ receptor activation, with the F3.36(201)/W6.48(357) interaction key to the maintenance of the CB₁-inactive state. We have shown previously that when F3.36(201), W5.43(280), and W6.48(357) are individually mutated to alanine, a significant reduction in ligand binding affinity is observed in the presence of WIN 55,212-2 and SR141716A but not CP55,940 and anandamide. In the work presented here, we report a detailed functional analysis of the F3.36(201)A, F3.25(190)A, W5.43(280)A, and W6.48(357)A mutant receptors …

The Use Of A Quartz Crystal Microbalance With Dissipation For The Measurement Of Protein–Protein Interactions: A Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis Of The Interactions Between Molecular Chaperones, Janice Limson, Odutayo O. Odunuge, Hans Green, Fredrik Höökc, Gregory Blatch

Faculty Publications

Biotechnology research and innovation depends on the ability to understand the molecular mechanisms of biological processes such as protein–protein and protein–ligand interactions. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy is now well established as a quantitative technique for monitoring biomolecular interactions. In this study, we examined the recently developed quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) method as an alternative to SPR spectroscopy to investigate protein–protein interactions, in particular, for chaperone–co-chaperone interactions. In mammalian cells, the Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein (Hop) is a co-chaperone required for the association of the molecular chaperones, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). The …

Long-Residency Hydration, Cation Binding, And Dynamics Of Loop E/Helix Iv Rrna-L25 Protein Complex, Neocles B. Leontis, Kamila Réblová, Nad'a Špačková, Jaroslav Koča, Jiří Šponer

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Molecular dynamics simulations of RNA-protein complex between Escherichia coli loop E/helix IV (LE/HeIV) rRNA and L25 protein reveal a qualitative agreement between the experimental and simulated structures. The major groove of LE is a prominent rRNA cation-binding site. Divalent cations rigidify the LE major groove geometry whereas in the absence of divalent cations LE extensively interacts with monovalent cations via inner-shell binding. The HeIV region shows bistability of its major groove explaining the observed differences between x-ray and NMR structures. In agreement with the experiments, the simulations suggest that helix-alpha1 of L25 is the least stable part of the protein. …

Ice Nucleation In Internally Mixed Ammonium Sulfate/Dicarboxylic Acid Particles, Matthew E. Wise, Rebecca M. Garland, Margaret A. Tolbert

CUP Faculty Research

Recent studies have shown that tropospheric sulfate aerosols commonly contain 50% or more by mass organic species. The influence of these organics on the chemical and physical properties of sulfate aerosols is not fully established. Using an aerosol flow tube technique, we have determined ice nucleation temperatures for particles composed of ammonium sulfate and mixtures of ammonium sulfate with a series of dicarboxylic acids. A calibration curve was developed to allow us to convert the freezing temperatures to a saturation ratio required for ice nucleation. At levels detectable by our experimental technique we find that the freezing temperatures and critical …

Chemistry & Biochemistry Newsletter, Department Of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University

Chemistry & Biochemistry Newsletter: 2002-2015

Inside:

Page 2 CLS: Rewarding Field Looks for Increased Awareness

Page 3 Grant to Aid Ethanol Byproduct Research

Page 4 Studying World History in a Cold, Cold Place

Page 5 SDSU Research Finds Drugs React to Herbal Remedies; How’s Your Memory?

Page 6 Alumni News; Faculty and Staff News; Scholarship and Award Winners; Dean’s List – Spring 2004

Page 7 New Grad Students; New Faculty

Page 8 Exciting New Era for Development; Foundation Donors

Function Of The Signal Peptide And N- And C-Terminal Propeptides In The Leucine Aminopeptidase From Aeromonas Proteolytica, Krzysztof P. Bzymek, Ventris M. D'Souza, Guanjing Chen, Heidi Campbell, Alice Mitchell, Richard C. Holz

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

The leucine aminopeptidase from Aeromonas proteolytica (also known as Vibrio proteolyticus) (AAP) is a metalloenzyme with broad substrate specificity. The open reading frame (ORF) for AAP encodes a 54 kDa enzyme, however, the extracellular enzyme has a molecular weight of 43 kDa. This form of AAP is further processed to a mature, thermostable 32 kDa form but the exact nature of this process is unknown. Over-expression of different forms of AAP in Escherichia coli (with AAP's native leader sequence, with and without the N- and/or C-terminal propeptides, and as fusion protein) has allowed a model for the processing of …

The Armstrong Chemical Bond, Armstrong Atlantic State University

Chemical Bond Newsletter (Archived)

No abstract provided.

1H, 13C, And 15N Assignments For The Archaeglobus Fulgidis Protein Af2095, Robert Powers, Thomas B. Acton, Yi-Wen Chiang, P. K. Rajan, John R. Cort, Michael A. Kennedy, Jinfeng Liu, Lichung Ma, Burkhard Rost, Gaetano T. Montelione

Robert Powers Publications

Structural genomics is providing a means to determine the molecular and cellular function for the vast amount of proteins in the Human proteome that lack any explicit experimental information by characterizing the complete range of protein folds (Montelione, 2001). The Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium (NESG; http://www.nesg.org/) is a pilot project funded by the National Institutes of Health Protein Structure Initiative, focusing on proteins from eukaryotic model organisms including humans. The thermophillic archaea Archaeglobus fulgidis AF2095 protein is an example of a protein of unknown biological function targeted for structural analysis by NESG. AF2095 belongs to the Pfam family PF01981 – …

Application Of Microgels For Optical Tagging, J. Michael Carthcart, L. Andrew Lyon, Marcus Weck, Robert D. Bock

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Books and Book Chapters

In this paper we present results from our research into the use of microgel-based photonic crystals in an optical tagging application. The basis for this research is the phenomena of self-assembly of hydrogel nano- and microparticles (i.e., microgels) into colloidal crystal Bragg reflectors. Previous research has demonstrated the assembly of Bragg structures that are sensitive in the visible spectral region. This current research focuses on the extension of this process into the infrared regime and the use of these infrared-sensitive structures in the creation of an optical tag. In particular, the research effort emphasizes two primary areas: the development of …

Rapid And Convenient Method For Preparing Masters For Microcontact Printing With 1–12 Μm Features, Lloyd W. Zilch, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Yit-Yian Lua, Michael V. Lee, Kevin R. Gertsch, Bennion R. Cannon, Robert M. Perry, Eric T. Sevy, Matthew C. Asplund, Adam T. Woolley, Matthew R. Linford

Faculty Publications

Mechanical scribing can be employed to create surfaces with recessed features. Through replica molding elastomeric copies of these scribed surfaces are created that function as stamps for microcontact printing. It is shown that this new method for creating masters for microcontact printing can be performed with a computer-controlled milling machine (CNC), making this method particularly straightforward and accessible to a large technical community that does not need to work in a particle free environment. Thus, no clean room, or other specialized equipment is required, as is commonly needed to prepare masters. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry confirms surface pattering by …

Evidence Of Linear Lattice Expansion And Covalency Enhancement In Rutile Tio2 Nanocrystals, Guangshe Li, Juliana Boerio-Goates, Brian F. Woodfield, Liping Li

Faculty Publications

Lattice variations and bonding characteristics in rutile TiO2 nanocrystals were examined by x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. With a reduction in the physical dimensions, rutile TiO2 nanocrystals show a linear lattice expansion and an anomalous covalency enhancement in apparent contradiction to the ionicity increase in BaTiO3 and CuO nanocrystals as reported recently by S. Tsunekawa et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 85, 3440] and V. R. Palkar et al. [Phys. Rev. B 1996, 53, 2167]. A surface defect dipole model is proposed to explain these physical phenomena in terms of the strong interactions among the surface dipoles that produce …

Phospholipid Scramblase 1 Potentiates The Antiviral Activity Of Interferon, Beihua Dong, Quansheng Zhou, Ji Zhao, Aimin Zhou, Ronald N. Harty, Santanu Bose, Amiya Banerjee, Roger Slee, Jeanna Guenther, Bryan R.G. Williams, Therese Wiedmer, Peter J. Sims, Robert H. Silverman

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) is an interferon (IFN)- and growth factor-inducible, calcium-binding protein that either inserts into the plasma membrane or binds DNA in the nucleus depending on its state of palmyitoylation. In certain hematopoietic cells, PLSCR1 is required for normal maturation and terminal differentiation from progenitor cells as regulated by select growth factors, where it promotes recruitment and activation of Src kinases. PLSCR1 is a substrate of Src (and Abl) kinases, and transcription of the PLSCR1 gene is regulated by the same growth factor receptor pathways in which PLSCR1 potentiates afferent signaling. The marked transcriptional upregulation of PLSCR1 by …

Probing Cation Antisite Disorder In Gd2ti2o7 Pyrochlore By Site-Specific Nexafs And Xps, Ponnusamy Nachimuthu, S. Thevuthasan, Mark H. Engelhard, W. J. Weber, D. K. Shuh, N. M. Hamdan, B. S. Mun, E. M. Adams, D. E. Mccready, V. Shutthanandan, Dennis W. Lindle, G. Balakrishnan, R. C. Ewing

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Disorder in Gd₂Ti₂O₇ is investigated by near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). NEXAFS shows Ti⁴⁺ ions occupy octahedral sites with a tetragonal distortion induced by vacant oxygen sites. O 1s XPS spectra obtained with a charge neutralization system from Gd₂Ti₂O₇(100) and the Gd₂Ti₂O₇ pyrochlore used by Chen et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 105901 (2002)], both yielded a single peak, unlike the previous result on the latter that found two peaks. The current results give no evidence for …

Synergisms Of Electric Or Electromagnetic Fields And Photodynamic Effects Induce Apoptosis And Necrosis Of Cancer Cells, Radeva Maria, Lambrera Maya, Angelova Plamena, Traitcheva Nelly, Berg Hermann

Journal of Electrochemistry

Weak pulsating sinusoidal electromagnetic fields (PEMF) have been applied to change membrane permeation and induction of apoptosis (necrosis). In the case of suspension of human cancer cells U-937 and K-562 inside of Helmholtz-coils the amplitude of PEMF B=10 and at 39mT (at 50 Hz) was combined gradually with the cytotoxic agent actinomycin-C on one hand with its novel photodynamic activity on the other.

The Fad-Shielding Residue Phe1395 Regulates Neuronal Nitric-Oxide Synthase Catalysis By Controlling Nadp+ Affinity And A Conformational Equilibrium Within The Flavoprotein Domain, David Konas, Keng Zhu, Manisha Sharma, Kulwant S. Aulak, Gary W. Brudvig, Dennis J. Stuehr

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Phe1395 stacks parallel to the FAD isoalloxazine ring in neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) and is representative of conserved aromatic amino acids found in structurally related flavoproteins. This laboratory previously showed that Phe1395 was required to obtain the electron transfer properties and calmodulin (CaM) response normally observed in wild-type nNOS. Here we characterized the F1395S mutant of the nNOS flavoprotein domain (nNOSr) regarding its physical properties, NADP+ binding characteristics, flavin reduction kinetics, steady-state and pre-steady-state cytochrome c reduction kinetics, and ability to shield its FMN cofactor in response to CaM or NADP(H) binding. F1395S nNOSr bound NADP+ with 65% more of …

Examination Of Technologies For Student-Generated Work In A Peer-Led, Peer-Review Instructional Environment, Brian P. Coppola, Alan L. Kiste

Chemistry and Biochemistry

There is a growing literature demonstrating the effectiveness of using computer environments to assist students’ in visualizing science and mathematics concepts. However, with many of these computerized learning environments, students do not have the option of manipulating the environment. Instead, they are presented with pre-made visualizations. Enabling students to display their understanding through multiple representational forms is more interesting. In our peer-led, peer-review environment, students generate a complex, literature-based, multimedia text on which their final examination is based. However, there are great time and personnel costs in this design. Collaborating with SRI Inc., we are addressing these demands via the …

Eliminating Absorbing Interference Using The H-Point Standard Addition Method: Case Of Griess Assay In The Presence Of Interferent Heme Enzymes Such As Nos, Perera N. Indika, Mekki Bayachou

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Standard calibration methods used to determine trace analytes usually yield significant deviations from the actual analyte value in the presence of interferents in the assay media. These deviations become of particular concern when the concentration of the analyte is low, and when the results are used to draw mechanistic or kinetic conclusions, for instance in enzyme structure-function studies. In these circumstances, the H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) provides superior precision and accuracy. This method is developed here for the case of the spectrophotometric Griess assay used to determine nitrite in various enzymology investigations, such as nitrite determination in studies of …

Inside Unlv, Cate Weeks, Carol C. Harter, Diane Russell, Holly Ivy De Vore

Inside UNLV

No abstract provided.

46th Rocky Mountain Conference On Analytical Chemistry

Rocky Mountain Conference on Magnetic Resonance

Final program, abstracts, and information about the 46th annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Conference on Analytical Chemistry, co-endorsed by the Colorado Section of the American Chemical Society and the Rocky Mountain Section of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. Held in Denver, Colorado, August 1-5, 2004.

Capillary Liquid Chromatography Using Micro Size Particles, Yanqiao Xiang

Theses and Dissertations

High speed and/or high efficiency separations can be realized using small particles (~ 1 µm) in liquid chromatography (LC). However, due to the large pressure drop caused by small particles, conventional LC pumping systems cannot satisfy the pressure requirements needed to drive the mobile phase through the column. Use of ultrahigh pressure, elevated temperature, or both can overcome these pressure limitations and allow the use of very small particles for high speed and/or high efficiency separations.

In this dissertation, the use of ultrahigh pressures with and without elevated temperatures in capillary LC is described. Very fast separations of various samples …

The Catalytic Role Of Glutamate 151 In The Leucine Aminopeptidase From Aeromonas Proteolytica, Krzysztof P. Bzymek, Richard C. Holz

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Glutamate 151 has been proposed to act as the general acid/base during the peptide hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by the co-catalytic metallohydrolase from Aeromonas proteolytica (AAP). However, to date, no direct evidence has been reported for the role of Glu-151 during catalytic turnover by AAP. In order to elucidate the catalytic role of Glu-151, altered AAP enzymes have been prepared in which Glu-151 has been substituted with a glutamine, an alanine, and an aspartate. The Michaelis constant (K_m) does not change upon substitution to aspartate or glutamine, but the rate of the reaction changes drastically in the following …

Probabilistic Disease Classification Of Expression-Dependent Proteomic Data From Mass Spectrometry Of Human Serum, Ryan H. Lilien, Hany Farid, Bruce R. Donald

Dartmouth Scholarship

We have developed an algorithm called Q5 for probabilistic classification of healthy vs. disease whole serum samples using mass spectrometry. The algorithm employs Principal Components Analysis (PCA) followed by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) on whole spectrum Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight (SELDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) data, and is demonstrated on four real datasets from complete, complex SELDI spectra of human blood serum.

Q5 is a closed-form, exact solution to the problem of classification of complete mass spectra of a complex protein mixture. Q5 employs a novel probabilistic classification algorithm built upon a dimension-reduced linear discriminant analysis. Our solution is …

A Novel Role For The Immunophilin Fkbp52 In Copper Transport, Reiko Sanokawa-Akakura, Huachang Dai, Shin Akakura, David Weinstein, J. Eduardo Fajardo, Steven E. Lang, Scott Wadsworth, John Siekierka, Raymond B. Birge

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

FK506-binding protein 52 (FKBP52) is an immunophilin that possesses peptidylprolyl cis/trans-isomerase (PPIase) activity and is a component of a subclass of steroid hormone receptor complexes. Several recent studies indicate that immunophilins can regulate neuronal survival and nerve regeneration although the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. To investigate the function of FKBP52 in the nervous system, we employed a yeast two-hybrid strategy using the PPIase domain (domain I) as bait to screen a neonatal rat dorsal root ganglia cDNA expression library. We identified an interaction between FKBP52 domain I and Atox1, a copper-binding metallochaperone, Atox1 interacts with Menkes disease protein and …

The Central Role Of Perilipin A In Lipid Metabolism And Adipocyte Lipolysis, John Tansey

Chemistry Faculty Scholarship

The related disorders of obesity and diabetes are increasing to epidemic proportions. The role of neutral lipid storage and hydrolysis, and hence the adipocyte, is central to understanding this phenomenon. The adipocyte holds the major source of stored energy in the body in the form of triacylglycerols (TAG). It has been known for over 35 years that the breakdown of TAG and release of free (unesterified) fatty acids and glycerol from fat tissue can be regulated by a cAMP-mediated process. However, beyond the initial signaling cascade, the mechanistic details of this lipolytic reaction have remained unclear. Work in recent years …

Finite Concentration Effects On Diffusion-Controlled Reactions, Chung Wong

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

The algorithm by Northrup, Allison, and McCammon has been used for two decades for calculating the diffusion-influenced rate-constants of enzymatic reactions. Although many interesting results have been obtained, the algorithm is based on the assumption that substrate-substrate interactions can be neglected. This approximation may not be valid when the concentration of the ligand is high. In this work, we constructed a simulation model that can take substrate-substrate interactions into account. We first validated the model by carrying out simulations in ways that could be compared to analytical theories. We then carried out simulations to examine the possible effects of substrate-substrate …

Spectroscopic And Microscopic Investigation Of The Corrosion Of 316/316l Stainless Steel By Lead-Bismuth Eutectic (Lbe) At Elevated Temperatures: Importance Of Surface Preparation, Allen L. Johnson, Denise Parsons, Julia Manzerova, Dale L. Perry, Daniel Koury, Brian D. Hosterman, John Farley

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

The corrosion of steel by lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) is an important issue in proposed nuclear transmutation schemes. Russian scientists at the IPPE exposed steel samples to oxygen-controlled LBE at temperatures up to 823 K and exposure times up to 3000 h. We have characterized these post-exposure steel samples and unexposed controls, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Previous researchers have investigated the corrosion by LBE of steel of varying composition. In the present work, we compared two samples having the same composition (standard nuclear grade 316/316L) but different surface preparation: a cold-rolled …

Inside Unlv, Holly Ivy De Vore, Carol C. Harter, Stuart Mann

Inside UNLV

No abstract provided.

Emissions From Miombo Woodland And Dambo Grassland Savanna Fires, Parikhit Sinha, Peter V. Hobbs, Robert J. Yokelson, Donald R. Blake, Song Gao, Thomas W. Kirschsetter

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

[1] Airborne measurements of trace gases and particles over and downwind of two prescribed savanna fires in Zambia are described. The measurements include profiles through the smoke plumes of condensation nucleus concentrations and normalized excess mixing ratios of particles and gases, emission factors for 42 trace gases and seven particulate species, and vertical profiles of ambient conditions. The fires were ignited in plots of miombo woodland savanna, the most prevalent savanna type in southern Africa, and dambo grassland savanna, an important enclave of miombo woodland ecosystems. Emission factors for the two fires are combined with measurements of fuel loading, combustion …

Thickness Dependence Of Magneto-Transport In Cu-Co Granular Thin Films, Jian Qing Wang, Ngocnga Dao, Ham H. Kim, Scott L. Whittenburg

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

This work explores the thickness dependence of magneto-transport properties in granular thin films with different thickness. These results are compared with silver-based film series studied earlier. It was observed that the thickness dependence of the GMReffect was sensitive to the surface chemistry of the films. The extraordinary Hall effect (EHE) in these films was measured and found to be different from the Ag-based system. In the Cu-based system, the EHE is a weak function of film thickness over the range studied. When the variation of the spontaneous magnetization is taken into account the effective EHE has a universal thickness dependence